• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.112 no.4
• /
• pp.544-553
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to reveal the thermal comfort and physiological and psychological effects of spending time in broad-leaved forests in suumer. Thirty-one university students (with an average age of 21.4 ± 2.1 years) participated in the study, and a within-subjects experimental design methodology was used. The participants moved to an experimental site (with a crown closure of 76.6%) or a control site (25.9%), sat on a chair to eliminate the impact of movement, and rested for 5 minutes with closed eyes. At this time, thermal comfort, heart rate variability, heart rate, and forehead temperature were continuously measured. After that, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured, and a subjective evaluation was conducted. As a result, spending time at an experimental site showed a statistically significant decrease in the predicted mean vote and the percentage of dissatisfied values, enhancement of parasympathetic nerve activity, decrease of forehead temperature, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pulse rate, and improvement of personal thermal sensation (thermal sensation vote and comfort sensation vote). In conclusion, it was found that a forest with high crown closure reduces thermal stress and induces physiological and psychological relaxation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2009

Arterial blood from the heart chonggyeong passed directly to the cerebral arteries and the blood circulation is important, especially in arteries that prevent blood flow there are several variables. Among the variables the average flow velocity, pulse index, and blood flow resistance and which variables, double maekbakjisuna systolic and diastolic blood flow resistance index at the maximum rate and blood pressure associated with this because they are important variables, The change of variables such as speed noehyeolryu There are observations about the non-invasive ultrasound measurements using Doppler noehyeolryu uses. Up to 20 men in the exercise of noeroganeun hyeolryuin chonggyeong arteries to increase blood flow rates can be found.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.35-49
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to see variation of vital sign of hot and cool bath according to time, a questionnair survey and measurement was carried out for 32 students(sophomore) of department of physical therapy Andong Junior College on the 27th of June, 1995. The result were as follows: The average systolic blood pressure(SBP) of stability for 32 college students who were measured was 105.3mmHg, the average diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was 67.3mmHg, the average pulse frequency(PF) was 70.7(frequency/min), the average respiratory frequency (RF) was 15.6 (frequency/min), and the body temperature(BT) was $36.6^{\circ}C$. As time went on, SBP for 32 students who were measured in hot bath according to stability, 3 min, 6 min, 9 min, and 12 min was decreased(105.15 mmHg, 104.69mmHg, 104.24 mmHg, 103.03 mmHg, and 96.69 mmHg)(P=0.3006). SBP was decreased in cool bath, too(105.15 mmHg, 103.33 mmHg, 103.33 mmHg, and 100.91 mmHg), but it at 12 min was a little higher(l03.09 mmHg)(P=0.7566). As time went on, DBP according to stability, 3 min, 6 min, 9 min, and 12 minutes was decreased in hot bath(66.82 mmHg, 65.45 mmHg, 64.54 mmHg, 63.03 mmHg, and 59.39 mmHg)(P=0.0906). It was similar in cool bath(66.82 mmHg, 67.87 mmHg, 68.48 mmHg, 67.87 mmHg, and 68.78)(P=0.9654). As time went on, PF was significantly increased in hot bath(70.42 times, 86.96 times, 93.57 times, 99.30 times, and 101.78 times)(P=0.0001). It was a little increased in cool bath, too (70.42 times, 70.85 times, 71.63 times, 71.06 times, and 71.45 times)(P=0.9803). As time went on, RF was significantly increased in hot bath(15.75 times, 19.09 times, 22.09 times, 24.94 times, and 26.48 times)(P=0.0001). I t in cool bath of stability, 3 min, and 6 min was a little increased(15.75 times, 19.30 times, 19.39 times), but it in 9 min(18.67 times), and 12 min(18.09 times) was a little decreased(P=0.0176). As time went on, BT was significantly increased in hot bath($36.63^{\circ}C,\;37.45^{\circ}C,\;37.81^{\circ}C,\;38.12^{\circ}C,\;38.33^{\circ}C$)(P=0.0001). It was a little increased in cool bath of stability and 3 min($36.63^{\circ}C,\;37.40^{\circ}C$), but others are similar($37.33^{\circ}C,\;37.37^{\circ}C$, and $37.36^{\circ}C$)(P=0.0001). It was revealed by this study, SBP and DBP according to time in hot and cool bath were decreased. PF, RF, and BT in hot bath were higher, RF and BT in cool bath were higher too. but PF was similar.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.372-378
• /
• 1994

Background: Pressure support ventilation(PSV) is a new form of mechanical ventilatory support that assists spontaneous inspiraory effort of an intubated patient with a clinician-selected amount of positive airway pressure. Low level pressure support during inspiration can overcome the resistive component of inspiratory work imposed by an endotracheal tube. However the clinical efficacy of PSV as a weaning method has not been established yet. Object: The aim of study was to evaluate the efficacy of PSV when it is added to intermittent mandatory ventilation(IMV) in facilitating weaning precess compaired to IMV mode alone. Method: When the subject patients became clinically stable with their arterial blood gas analysis in acceptable range, they underwent weaning process either by IMV alone or by IMV plus PSV. The level of pressure support was held constant throught the weaning period. For the patients who required mechanical ventilation for less than 72 hr, 2h weaning trial was performed with IMV rate starting from 6/min. For the patients who required mechanical ventilation more than 72 hr, 7 hr weaning trial was performed with IMV rate starting from 8/min. For the patients who failed three consecutive trials of weaning, retrial of weaning was attempted over 3 days with IMV rate starting from 8/min. Clinical characteristics, APACHE II score and nutritional status were compared. For all patients, heart rate, mean blood pressure and respiratory rate were mornitored for 48 hrs after weaning trial started. Results: The total number of weaning trial was 37 in 23 patients(18 by IMV, 19 by IMV+PSV). Total ventilation time, APACHE II score and nutritional status were not statistically different between the two groups. The weaning success rate were not statistically different(38.3% by IMV, 42.1% by IMV+PSV) and the changes of mean blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate during first 48 hours were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: Low level PSV when added to IMV for weaning trial does not seem to improve the success rate of weaning from mechanical ventilation. PSV at 10cm $H_2O$ did not induce significant physiologic changes during weaning process.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 1989

Clonidine, ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic agonist, applied spinally or epidurally has been shown to be effective in blocking noxious stimuli in human applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analgesic effect of epidurally administered clonidine. In 40 patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy or anal fistulectomy, 1.33% lidocaine 15ml (Group I) or 1.33% lidocaine mixed with $75{\mu}g$ clonidine(Group II) administered epidurally through sacral hiatus. Intraoperative changes of vital signs and duration of postoperative analgesic effects were observed. The results were as follows : 1) In the group I, average analgesic duration was 2.42 hours. 2) In the group II, average analgesic duration was 7.32 hours. 3) After epidural clonidine injection, the decrease in heart rate and blood pressure was not significant without sedation. 4) Postoperatively, any complaints related clonidine were not reported. In conclusion, postoperative pain control with epidural clonidine was effective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.4450-4458
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the exercise performance of yoga and pilates on the autonomic nervous system in an effort to provide some clinical information on exercise prescription. The subjects were 20 selected college students who majored in P.E. A yoga group and a pilates group were organized with 10 students respectively, the autonomic nervous system of the students was measured before the exercise, immediately after that and 30 minutes after recovery. The findings of the study were as follows: First, there were significant differences in the yoga group's stress index and average pulse according to the main effect of the time and interaction effect between the time and group. Second, there were significant differences in the yoga group's sympathetic nervous system activity and autonomic nerve balance according to all the main effect of the time, interaction effect between the time and group and the main effect of group. Third, there were significant differences in HRV(Heart Rate Variability), parasympathetic nervous system activity, SDNN, and RMSSD according to the main effect of the time, and interaction effect between the time and group and the main effect of group produced no statistically significant differences. In conclusion, yoga seemed to be effective at lowering stress index and average pulse. Specifically, yoga exercise seemed to exert a more positive influence on the decrease of sympathetic nervous system activity and autonomic nerve balance than pilates exercise.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.689-701
• /
• 2012

The purposes of this study were to identify the changes of postprandial blood pressure and pulse rates of elderly living in nursing homes by time and position after a meal. Blood pressure and pulse rates of 141 elderly aged over 65 years were measured at before the meal to 90 minutes after the meal by 15 min. interval. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated measures of ANOVA, ANCOVA, and t-test using the SPSS program. There were no significant differences in change of systolic blood pressure and pulse rates by time between sitting group and lying group after meal. The biggest drops in systolic pressure in sitting and lying position were occurred at 30 min and 45min respectively after the meal. There were no significant change in pulse rates except for the immediately after meal in lying position. To prevent complications of postprandial blood pressure reduction, nurses should carefully monitor blood pressure of elderly in lying position at least from 30 min. till to 90 min. after the meal.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.245-249
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Numerous false alarms by pulse oximetry, which is widely used in neonatal intensive care unit, can delay response to true alarms. Masimo $SET^{(R)}$ was introduced lately, to overcome false alarms by motion. We compared the clinical performance of two devices (Nellcor $N-595^{(R)}$ and Masimo $SET^{(R)}$) for the evaluation of the false alarm frequency during usual motion artifacts and stable state. Methods: A total of 20 preterm infants weighing 1,000-2,500 g were enrolled in the study. The sensors of two devices were placed on the different feet on the same infants, and both devices were programmed to emit an alarm for episode of hypoxemia (SpO2$\leq$85%). The false alarms were defined as episodes of poor correlation with ECG heart rate, poor waveforms, and the absence of obvious signs of hypoxia. We compared the frequency of false alarms between the two devices. Results: The mean chronological age was 20.8 days and the mean body weight was 1,668 g on the study day. The frequency of total false alarm was significantly fewer for Masimo $SET^{(R)}$ pulse oximetry (48 in Nellcor $N-595^{(R)}$, 27 in Masimo $SET^{(R)}$) although the false alarm during usual motion artifacts was not significantly between two devices (32 in Nellcor $N-595^{(R)}$, 19 in Masimo $SET^{(R)}$). Conclusion: The Masimo $SET^{(R)}$ pulse oximetry has fewer false alarm rates and identified more true hypoxic events than Nellcor $N-595^{(R)}$ pulse oximetry. Therefore, it is useful for adequate oxygen therapy and helps to decrease unnecessary handling by clinicians and nurses.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2010

배경: 매복지치의 수술적 발치 시 propofol과 remifentanil을 이용한 목표조절농도주입(Target controlled infusion) 의식하 정주진정법의 적절한 주입농도를 제시하고 그 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 매복지치의 수술적 발치가 예정된 미국마취학회 신체 등급 분류 1, 2에 속하는 15-65세, 142명(여 83명, 남 59명)의 환자를 대상으로 소급 연구하였다. 환자는 수술 전 목표조절농도주입법을 이용한 의식하 진정법 사용에 관한 동의서를 작성하였다. 정맥내 삽관을 시행하고 수액을 공급을 시작하고, 4-5 L/min의 산소를 비관을 통해서 공급하였다. Propofol과 remifentanil의 초기 목표 혈중농도는 각각 $0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$와 1.0 ng/ml로 정하였다. 수술 중, 환자의 불안 통증 정도에 따라 목표농도를 조절하였으며 최저 농도와 최대 농도, 평균 농도, 주입된 총 용량을 기록하였다. 또한 수축기혈압과 맥박 수, 산소포화도, 호기 말 이산화탄소량을 수술 시작 전, 수술 중 5분 간격으로 확인하고 기록하였다. 모든 측정치는 평균 $\pm$ 표준편차나 환자의 수, 초기 측정치에서의 백분율 편차로 표시하였다. 결과: 수술 동안의 목표 혈중농도의 평균은 propofol은 $0.54{\pm}0.11\;{\mu}g/ml$이고, remifentanil은 $1.11{\pm}0.30\;ng/ml$였다. 수술 중 조절된 최대농도는 propofol은 $0.6{\pm}0.23\;{\mu}g/ml$이고, remifentanil은 $1.3{\pm}0.63\;ng/ml$였다. 이는 의식하 진정에 해당되는 범의의 농도라고 할 수 있겠다. 진정동안 환자의 언어적 의사소통은 유지 되었으며 산소 포화도는 4-5 L/min 의 산소 보충 하에 98%이상으로 유지되었다. 수축기 혈압과 맥박은 대부분의 환자에서 정상변위범위(${\pm}20%$)내에서 유지되었다. 결론: 본 연구는 목표조절 농도주입 의식하 진정에서 사용된 농도(propofol $0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$, remifentanil 1.0 ng/ml)는 안전하게 의식하 진정을 가능한 것을 보여준다. 이는 치과 치료 시 목표조절농도 주입의식하 진정법에서 적절한 목표농도를 제시한다.

• Journal of Naturopathy
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the autonomic nervous system of the human body after the use of ocher bedding radiating far-infrared rays to 15 insomnia subjects. Methods: Changes of autonomous nerve in the subjects after using loess bedding estimated by heart rate variability. Results: The mean HF before the use of ocher bedding was 220.8 msec², and the mean after use decreased to 5.1 msec². The average value of LF before use was 418.1 msec², and the mean after use decreased to 5.2 msec². The average before use of the VLF was 1463.3 msec², and the average after use dropped to 6.8 msec². The average value of TP before use was 977.3 msec², and the average after use dropped to 6.7 msec². The decrease in postoperative values of all four items was statistically significant, and the high value of the subjects before use inferred to be the reason that all of the subjects had high stress and anxiety due to their long-term sleep disorder. There was no significant difference in the pulses of the subjects before the use of the bedding. SDNN and RMSSD were not significantly different before and after use. Conclusions: Autonomic nerves HF, LF, VLF, TP frequency is evaluated to be affected by the investigation of far-infrared radiation that occurs ocher. This research data regarded as high value as primary data in this field.