• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.3 s.35
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• pp.363-372
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• 1991

We used the health screening data of some rural and urban residents to examine the cross-sectional association between leukocyte count and hypertension. The 206 male and 203 female rural residents were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method in Kyungsan-Kun area of Kyungbuk province in 1985 and 600 urban residents were selected by the same sampling method as the rural residents in Daegu city of the same province in 1986 compatible with age-sex distribution of Daegu city of 1985 census, but of whom 384 actually responded. The rest of 600 were replaced by age and sex with those who were members of the medical insurance plan visiting the health management department of the university hospital to get the biannual preventive medical checkups. Excluded in the analysis were those having hypertensive history, diseases and extreme outlying values of the screening tests, leaving 373 rural and 571 urban residents. Leukocyte count was measured with ELT-8 Laser shadow method and the unit $cells/mm^3$, Blood pressures were determined with an aneroid sphygmomanometer with pre-standardized method and hypertensives were defined as those showing systolic blood pressure more than 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure more than 90mmHg. Total residents pooled (N=944) showed a significant difference between hypertensives and normotensives ($6965.93{\pm}1997.01\;vs\;6490.61{\pm}1941.32,\;P=0.00$) and in rural residents was noted the similar significant difference (P=0.03). None of significant differences were noted in any stratum stratified by residency and sex. Compared to the lowest quintile of WBC, 2/5 quintile showed odds ratio 0.99 (95% Confidence interval, Ci 0.62-1.59), 3/5 quintile 1.41 (95% CI 0.90-2.21), 4/5 quintile 1.76 (95% CI. 1.14-2.72), and highest quintile 1.80 (1.15-2.82) in the total residents. Likelihood ratio test for linear trend for it indicated a significant trend ($X^2_{trend}=5.53,\;df=1,\;P<0.05$). There were no other significant odds ratios compared to the lowest quintile of WBC in strata stratified by residency and sex. The odds ratios in total residents which had showed significant odds ratios became nonsignificant and of reduced magnitude after controlling age, frequency of smoking and drinking with multiple logistic. regression. In each stratum, it changed magnitudes of odds ratios slightly and unstably. None of the trend tests showed any significant trend. These results suggest that the Friedman et al's finding of association between leukocyte count and hypertension may be due to an statistical type I error resulting from the data dredging in an exploratory study, in which more than 800 variables were screened as possible predictors of hypertension.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.78-82
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• 2014

Purpose The physiological and biochemical responses of healthy men and women to life stress were measured in order to investigate the correlation between these two responses under the normal situation. Materials and Methods The population of the research is some randomly chosen health college students located in Daejeon City during the period from August to September 2014, and the sample of 94 students. Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) were selected as physiological stress indices and serum cortisol level was used as a biochemical stress biomaker. The data which is collected used SPSS19.0 programs and frequency and percentage and T-test, correlation. Results Male showed the significant higher value of serum cortisol level (p<0.05), BP (p<0.05), and LF/HF ratio of HRV (p<0.05) than female. The difference of BP between correlated significantly with serum cortisol level (p<0.05). The LF/HF ratio of HRV also correlated significantly with serum cortisol level (p<0.05) Conclusion We suggest that LF/HF ratio of HRV and BP may be good indices for the assessment of life stress.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.469-479
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of nursing intervention of aromatherapy hand massage. Method: In order to conduct a meta-analysis, a total of 124 studies were retrieved. From these studies, fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 733 participants. And these studies published from January 2004 to July 2013 were included in the journal articles published in Korea. Results: In fifteen studies, Random effect model for the aromatherapy hand massage that 95% confidence level, significant level of p-valve on less than 0.001. Standardized Mean Difference reported systolic blood pressure(d=-9.5320), diastolic pressure(d=-8.8730), pulse(d=-9.1241), anxiety(d=-0.1469), and depression(d=-0.4489) All measurement variables were significantly decreased in the negative direction. Conclusion: This study suggests that aromatherapy hand massage can reduce the level of blood pressure(systolic, diastolic), pulse, anxiety and depression.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1469-1476
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• 2022

Recently, many researches have been conducted to estimate blood pressure using ECG(Electrocardiogram) and PPG(Photoplentysmography) signals. In this paper, we designed and implemented a mobile system to monitor blood pressure in real time by using 1-D convolutional neural networks. The proposed model consists of deep 11 layers which can learn to extract various features of ECG and PPG signals. The simulation results show that the more the number of convolutional kernels the learned neural network has, the more detailed characteristics of ECG and PPG signals resulted in better performance with reduced mean square error compared to linear regression model. With receiving measurement signals from wearable ECG and PPG sensor devices attached to the body, the developed system receives measurement data transmitted through Bluetooth communication from the devices, estimates systolic and diastolic blood pressure values using a learned model and displays its graph in real time.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2022

In this paper, we have enhanced the risk prediction of hypertension using the feature selection method in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study identified various risk factors correlated with chronic hypertension. The paper is divided into three parts. Initially, the data preprocessing step of removes missing values, and performed z-transformation. The following is the feature selection (FS) step that used a factor analysis (FA) based on the feature selection method in the dataset, and feature importance (FI) and multicollinearity analysis (MC) were compared based on FS. Finally, in the predictive analysis stage, it was applied to detect and predict the risk of hypertension. In this study, we compare the accuracy, f-score, area under the ROC curve (AUC), and mean standard error (MSE) for each model of classification. As a result of the test, the proposed MC-FA-RF model achieved the highest accuracy of 80.12%, MSE of 0.106, f-score of 83.49%, and AUC of 85.96%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed MC-FA-RF method for hypertension risk predictions is outperformed other methods.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH). Patients were classified into four groups based on their severity of polysomnographic data: the snoring group (n=108)-characterized by Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI<5); the mild OSA group (n=186)-AHI $5{\leq}AHI$<15; the moderate OSA group (n=179)- AHI $15{\leq}AHI$<30; and the severe OSA group (n=233)-$AHI{\geq}30$. On the same night of polysomnography (PSG), BP levels were measured before sleeping (bedtime BP) and immediately after waking up on the following morning (morning BP). EDS was recognized as ESS (epworth sleepiness scale)${\geq}9$. The differences and correlations between BP and PSG parameters in the EDS and non-EDS groups of OSAH patients were analyzed. MAP was positively correlated with BMI, AHI, and total arousal (r=0.099, r=0.142, r=0.135, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01), while negatively correlated with mean $SaO_2$ (r=-0.258, p<0.01). The EDS group had overall younger population ($47.2{\pm}11.3$ vs $50.3{\pm}11.4$, p=0.023), higher DBP (both bedtime and morning, $83.1{\pm}9.7$ vs $81.4{\pm}8.8$ and $86.4{\pm}9.2$ vs $83.6{\pm}9.7$)(p=0.031, p=0.047), and higher SBP (both bedtime and morning, $126.7{\pm}11.2$ vs $123.4{\pm}12.4$, $128.9{\pm}12.4$ vs $125.3{\pm}12.9$)(p=0.021, p=0.021) than compared with the non-EDS group. In hypertensive OSAH patients, patients with EDS were also younger and had higher total arousal number, as well as higher morning and bedtime DBP and SBP than compared with the non-EDS group (p<0.005, p=0.008, p<0.001 and p<0.001). EDS in OSAHS patients is a special phenotype characterized by younger age, higher DBP, more severe desaturation, and hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1311-1319
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the serum lipid level, blood sugar and blood pressure in vegetarians and non-vegetarians. The subjects of the study were 127 Buddhist nuns (age: 23∼79 y) from Oonmoon Temple in Choungdo district Gyeongsang Bookdo province and 118 Buddhist nuns practicing Zen meditation at Soodeok Temple in Yeosan district Chongcheong Namdo province. For control subjects, 235 healthy female adults (age: 23∼79 y) were selected. They were the nurses in the Gyeongsang National University Hospital, teachers and housekeepers living in Jinju, Gyeongsang Namdo province. The period of this study was from October 1996 to February 1997. The contents were consisted of food consumption survey, anthropometric measurement, estimated amount of energy expenditure, physical activity and clinical examination. The mean ages of the subjects were 44.2 y for vegetarians and 40.5 y for non-vegetarians, respectively. Average body mass index (BMI) of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were 22.47 and 21.08, WHR 0.85 and 0.84, percentage of body fat 28.79 and 26.55 respectively. The average duration of vegetarian diet of the vegetarians was 13.16 y. Levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index (AI), diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar and HDL-cholesterol were significantly higher (p<0.01) in non-vegetarians than those of vegetarians. In both of subjects, levels of TG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index (AI) and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher (p<0.01) with an increment of age and the vegetarians showed a lower ratio of rise than the non-vegetarians. Levels of serum TG, LDL-cholesterol and AI were utmost in the 60 s and declined in the 70 s. Consequently, vegetarian diet can be considerably effective in reducing the level of the risk factors causing cardiovascular disease.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2011

Purpose: Although infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at risk of developing secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, little has been reported about the incidence, clinical course and prognosis of PH secondary to BPD in premature infants. This study was done to investigate the incidence, risk factors, clinical course, and the ultimate prognosis of PH developed secondary to BPD in very low birth weight infants (<1,500 g). Methods: Medical records of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) admitted to Samsung Medical Center NICU from January 2000 to July 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. BPD was defined by Jobe's classification. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was established as velocity of tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) ${\geq}$3 m/s and a flattening of the intraventricular septum by conducting Doppler echocardiography. Results: The incidence of pulmonary hypertension was 6% in VLBWI with BPD and it developed in moderate to severe BPD. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was made on postnatal 133 days (range 40-224 days) and the risk factors related to developing pulmonary hypertension were severe BPD, small for gestational age and outborn infants. The mortality rate was 57% and especially higher in severe BPD (70%). The time to recovery spent 3 months (range 1-10 months) in survived patients. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, pulmonary hypertension secondary to BPD in VLBWI related to severity of BPD and had a poor prognosis. We expect that regular long-term echocardiography may be helpful in treating reversible in VLBWI with moderate to severe BPD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2006

Gene polymorphisms that are associated with sodium homeostasis in the body, such as $\alpha-adducin$ (ADDI, Gly460Trp), angiotensinogen (AGT, Met235Thr), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, Ins/Del) may increase the risk for the development of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the singular and combined effects of ADD1, AGT, ACE genotypes, and blood pressure in elderly population. Moreover, we examined the interaction of sodium intake and polymorphisms of aforementioned genes and their effects on blood pressure. Among one hundred and nine female subjects, aged 60 and over (mean 75.9 yr), the major alleles for ADD1, AGT, and ACE polymorphisms in the studied population were Gly (66.1%), Thr (64.2%), Ins (83.5%), respectively. Analysis on the combined effects of genetic variation showed that subjects who were both ADD1 Trp/Trp and ACE Del/Del homozygotes had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.01). Similarly, ACE Del/Del homozygotes who had AGT Met allele had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001). However, in single-gene analyses, no association was found between any specific genotype and blood pressure. In subjects with low sodium intake, ADD1 Trp/Trp homozygotes had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than subjects who had ADD1 Gly allele (138 mmHg vs. 127 mmHg, p=0.03). There was no difference in blood pressure between ADD1 Trp/Trp and ADD1 Gly/Gly or Gly/Trp, in subjects with high sodium intake. In summary, this study shows that interactions between the ADD1, AGT and ACE genes influence systolic and diastolic blood pressure in elderly subjects, and dietary sodium intake can modulate the effects of ADD1 Gly460Trp polymorphisms on systolic blood pres sure.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 1989

Clonidine, ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic agonist, applied spinally or epidurally has been shown to be effective in blocking noxious stimuli in human applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analgesic effect of epidurally administered clonidine. In 40 patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy or anal fistulectomy, 1.33% lidocaine 15ml (Group I) or 1.33% lidocaine mixed with $75{\mu}g$ clonidine(Group II) administered epidurally through sacral hiatus. Intraoperative changes of vital signs and duration of postoperative analgesic effects were observed. The results were as follows : 1) In the group I, average analgesic duration was 2.42 hours. 2) In the group II, average analgesic duration was 7.32 hours. 3) After epidural clonidine injection, the decrease in heart rate and blood pressure was not significant without sedation. 4) Postoperatively, any complaints related clonidine were not reported. In conclusion, postoperative pain control with epidural clonidine was effective.