Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.8.1311

A Study of Serum Lipid, Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure of Buddhist Nuns in Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians (III) - Based on Age -  

Cha, Bok-Kyeong (Dept. of Naturopathic Medicine, The Postgraduate School of Hanseo University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.33, no.8, 2004 , pp. 1311-1319 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the serum lipid level, blood sugar and blood pressure in vegetarians and non-vegetarians. The subjects of the study were 127 Buddhist nuns (age: 23∼79 y) from Oonmoon Temple in Choungdo district Gyeongsang Bookdo province and 118 Buddhist nuns practicing Zen meditation at Soodeok Temple in Yeosan district Chongcheong Namdo province. For control subjects, 235 healthy female adults (age: 23∼79 y) were selected. They were the nurses in the Gyeongsang National University Hospital, teachers and housekeepers living in Jinju, Gyeongsang Namdo province. The period of this study was from October 1996 to February 1997. The contents were consisted of food consumption survey, anthropometric measurement, estimated amount of energy expenditure, physical activity and clinical examination. The mean ages of the subjects were 44.2 y for vegetarians and 40.5 y for non-vegetarians, respectively. Average body mass index (BMI) of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were 22.47 and 21.08, WHR 0.85 and 0.84, percentage of body fat 28.79 and 26.55 respectively. The average duration of vegetarian diet of the vegetarians was 13.16 y. Levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index (AI), diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar and HDL-cholesterol were significantly higher (p<0.01) in non-vegetarians than those of vegetarians. In both of subjects, levels of TG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index (AI) and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher (p<0.01) with an increment of age and the vegetarians showed a lower ratio of rise than the non-vegetarians. Levels of serum TG, LDL-cholesterol and AI were utmost in the 60 s and declined in the 70 s. Consequently, vegetarian diet can be considerably effective in reducing the level of the risk factors causing cardiovascular disease.
Keywords
age; vegetarian; serum lipid level; blood pressure; blood sugar;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Lee JH. 1990. Management of obesity. Korean J Nutr 23: 347-350
2 Keys A, Taylor HL, Blacburn H, Brozek J, Anderson JT, Simonson E. 1963. Coronary heart disease among Minnesota business and professional men followed 15 years. Circulation 28: 381-395   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Fisher M, Levine PH, Weiner B, Ockend IS, Johnson B, Johnson MH, Natale AM, Vaudreuil CH, Hoogasian J. 1986. The effect of vegetarian diets on plasma lipid and platelet levels. Arch Intern Med 146: 1193-1197   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Kim JQ, Song JH, Cho HI, Kim SI. 1991. Survey results on the prevalence of the hyperlipidemia and other risk factors of coronary artery disease among Korean population. Kor J Clin Pathol 11: 341-347
5 Kim MK. 2000. Serum lipids by gender, ge and lifestyle in Korean adults. Korean J Community Nutrition 5: 109- 119
6 Heltmann BL. 1991. Body fat in the adult Danish population aged 35-65 years: an epidemiological study. Int J Obes 15: 535-545
7 Cooper R, Allen A, Goldberg R, Trevisan M, Van Horn L, Liu K, Steinhaur M, Rubenstein A, Stamler J. 1984. Seventh- Day Adventist adolescents-lifestyle patterns and cardiovascular disease risk factors. West J Med 40: 471-477
8 Albrink MJ. 1978. Dietary fiber, plasma insulin, and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 31: S277-S279   DOI
9 Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. 1977. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. Am J Med 62: 707-714   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Yatassery GT, Smith WE, Quach HT. 1985. Ascorbic acid glutathione and synthetic antioxidants prevents the oxidation of vitamin E in platelets. Lipids 24: 1043-1047   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Burton GW. 1989. Antioxidant action of carotenoids. J Nutr119: 109-111   DOI
12 Winder EL, Walden RT, Woods RW. 1964. Cancer, coronary artery disease in Seventh Day Adventists cancer. Cancer Res 17: 486-497
13 Register UD, Sonnenbang LM. 1972. The vegetarian diet. J Am Diet Assoc 62: 253-258
14 Beilin LJ. 1994. Vegetarian and other complex diets, fats, fiber, and hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 59 (Suppl): 1130s- 1135s   DOI
15 Phillips RL. 1975. Role of life-style and dietary habits in of cancer among Seventh-Day-Adventists. Cancer Res 35: 3513-3522
16 Harland BF, Peterson M. 1978. Nutritional status of lacto- ovo-vegetarian, Trappist monks. J Am Diet Assoc 72: 259- 264
17 Abdulla M, Andersson I, Asp NG, Berthlsen K, Birkhed D, Dencker Johansson CG, Jagerstad M, Kolar K, Nair BM, Nilsson-Ehle P, Norden A, Rassner S, Akesson B, Ockerman PA. 1981. Nutrient intake and health status of vegans. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 2464-2477   DOI
18 Kkitzsch SG, McNamara JR. 1990. Triglyceride measurements, a review of methods and interferences. Clin Chem 36: 1605-1613
19 Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499-502
20 Ruth LP. 1984. Nutrition and integrated approach. 3rd. John willey and Sons Ins., New York, USA. p 832
21 Bang HO, Dyerberg J. 1972. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Greenlandic west coast Eskimos. Acta Med Scand 192: 85-94   DOI
22 Kim JS. 1995. A comparative study on CHD risk factors among vegetarians and non-vegetarians. MS Thesis. Sookmyung women's university. p 23-30
23 Burr ML, Sweetnam PM, Barasi ME, Bates CJ. 1985. Dietary fibre, blood pressure and plasma cholesterol. Nutr Res 5: 456-472
24 Fredeickson DS, Levy RI, Lees RS. 1967. Fat tranaport in lipoproteins: an integrated approach to mechanisms and disorders. N Engl J Med 276: 273-281   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Doba T, Burton G, Ingold KU. 1985. Antioxidant and co- antioxidant activity of vitamin C, vitamin E or water- soluble vitamin E analogue upon the peroxidation of aqueous multillamella phospholipid liposomes. Biochem Biophys Acta 835: 298-303   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Pi-Sunye FX, Shils ME, Young VR. 1988. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 7ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. p 795-796
27 Lee RD, Nieman DC. 1996. Nutritional Assessment. 2nd ed. Mosby, New York, USA. p 56-58
28 Hall TR, Young TB. 1989. A validation study of body fat distribution as determined by self-measurement of waist and hip circumference. Int J Obes 13 (suppl.3): 801-807
29 Lukaski HC. 1987. Methods for the assessment or human body composition, traditional and new. Am J Clin Nutr 46: 537-556   DOI
30 Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Pugh J, Patterson JK. 1987. Do upperbody and centralized adiposity measure different aspects of regional body fat distribution? Relationship to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, lipids, and lipoproteins. Diabetes 36: 43-51   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Peiris AN, Sturve MF, Kisseah AH. 1987. Relationship of body fat distribution to the metabolic clearance of insulin in premenopausal women. Int J Obes 11: 581-589
32 Tak YJ, Yoo SM, Son YM, Yoo TW, Cho BL. 1992. Factors related to serum total cholesterol. J Korean Acad Fam Med 13: 935-941
33 Burr ML, Bates AM, Fehily AS. 1981. Plasma cholesterol and blood pressure in vegetarians. J Human Nutr 35: 437- 441
34 Shin YG, Bae SG. 1994. The levels of serum lipid in healthy korean adults. The Korean J Int Med 47: 587-599
35 Sung YH, Han JH, Song JH, Choi DH, Lee SD, Jeon JM, Bae JH, Choi CP. 1993. The study on serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in normal adult korean wokers resident in Pohang and Kangyang. The Korean J Int Med 45: 307-315
36 Sacks FM, Castelli WP, Donner A, Kass EH. 1975. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in vegetarians and controls. N Engl J Med 292: 1148-1151   DOI   ScienceOn