• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 1999

Loblolly(Pinus taeda L.) and slash(Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pines are the most important timber producing species in the Southern United States. Site index equations to estimate site index curves(base age 25 years) for loblolly pine and slash pine plantations have been developed based on long-term repeated measurement data sets. To check magnitude of errors in estimating site index, each cumulative measurement cycle data sets and all combined data sets were used to recalculate site index values. The Chapman-Richards' growth function was selected for stand height prediction. Anamorphic base age invariant site index curves were presented based on this height prediction equation. Statistics used in the evaluation were mean of the differences and mean of the absolute differences. For plantation ages less than 5 years, site index values showed very sensitive fur both species based on the evaluation test.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

In this paper, another analytical approach for dual-hop amplify-and-forward(AF) relay systems is proposed over Rayleigh fading channels. Previous approaches derived the moment generating function(MGF) by using the cumulative distribution function(CDF) or probability density function(PDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) for source-relay-destination(S-R-D) link. Then, the average symbol error rate is expressed based on derived MGFs. In this paper, another new approach is proposed. It means that the MGF is directly derived by utilizing PDFs of both source-relay(S-R) and relay-destination(R-D) links. Additionary, the newly derived MGF is compared and analyzed with previous ones. Furthermore, simulation results are presented to validate the accuracy of proposed analytical expression. Based on this, it is confirmed that the proposed analytical approach can be a another solution for dual-hop AF relay systems.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.78-82
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• 2022

Phenology determines the timing of crop development, and the timing of phenological events is strongly influenced by the temperature during the growing season. In process-based model, leaf area is simulated dynamically by coupling of morphology and phenology module. Therefore, the prediction of leaf appearance rate and final leaf number affects the performance of whole crop model. The dataset for the model equation was collected from SPA R chambers with five different temperature treatments. Beta distribution function (proposed by Yan and Hunt (1999)) was used for describing the leaf appearance rate as a function of temperature. The optimum temperature and the critical value were estimated to be 26.0℃ and 35.3℃, respectively. For evaluation of the model, the accumulated number of onion leaves observed in a temperature gradient chamber was compared with model estimates. The model estimate is the result of accumulating the daily increase in the number of onion leaves obtained by inputting the daily mean temperature during the growing season into the temperature model. In this study, the coefficient of determination (R²) and RMSE value of the model were 0.95 and 0.89, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.173-175
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• 2002

지하수함양은 크게 강우 중에 침투되는 자연함양, 하천 또는 저수지에서 침투되는 지표수 함양, 인위적으로 물을 지하로 침투시키는 인공함양 등이 있는데, 본 연구에서는 강우에 의해 지하로 침투되는 자연함양율을 구하기 위하여 다음 두 가지 방법을 이용하여 지하수함양율을 산출하고자 하였다. 첫 번째 누적강수량과 지하수수위곡선을 이용하는 방법(문상기, 우남칠, 2001)은 강우기간 중 누적강수량을 고려하여 지하수위변화로부터 지하수함양율을 추정하고, 두 번째 무강우기간 동안의 지하수위감수곡선을 이용하는 방법(최병수, 안중기, 1998)은 토양특성, 증발산을 배재한 상태에서 무강우기간의 지하수위감쇠곡선으로부터 함양량을 추정한다. 즉 같은 지역에서 선행강우기간 중 지하수침투가 시작되는 강우량과 어떤 시점에서의 강우기간 중 지하수침투가 시작되는 강우량의 차이가 토양함수조건에 따라 다를 수 있으나 평균개념으로 볼 때 그 차이가 무시될 수 있다고 가정하여 토양특성을 배재하고, 지하수수위가 지표에서 1.0~l.5m이상 되면 지하수로부터의 증발산은 무시될 수 있다고 가정하고 있다. 연구지역은 충청북도 청원군 북일면과 북이면에 위치하며, 지하수위 장기관측은 암반관정과 충적관정을 두 지점에 설치하여 총 4개의 관측정에서 지하수위자동측정기 Orphimedes (기포식수위계, OTT Hydrometrie사 제작)로 1시간 간격으로 지하수위변화를 기록하였다(그림1, 그림2). 강우량은 현장에서 자기우량계(모델명 : HGR-200, SEBA Hydrometrie사 제작)를 설치하여 직접 측정하였고, 자료가 유실된 기간은 청주기상대 자료로 보완하였다. 그러나 본 연구지역은 면적이 32.35$\textrm{km}^2$이고 1998년까지 개발된 기설관정의 개수가 무려 1,547여공으로 단위면적당 관정수는 48여공/$\textrm{km}^2$로 다른 지역에 비해 관정이 밀집되어 있어 지하수연간사용량을 무시할 수 없다. 그림2에서 보는 바와 같이 주변관정들의 양수로 인하여 관측정에서의 지하수위변화가 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구지역을 대상으로 추정한 함양율은 지하수이용에 따른 지하수위하강에 대한 보정을 할 필요가 있으며 지하수이용실태조사를 추가로 하여 그 이용량만큼을 지하수함양량에 더하여야 할것이다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.8B no.5
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• pp.557-564
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• 2001

In general, several moving regions with different motions coexist in a block located on motion boundaries in the block-based motion estimation. In this case the motion compensation error(MCEs) are different with the moving regions. This is inclined to deteriorate the quality of motion compensated images because of the inaccurate motions estimated from the conventional mean absolute error(MAE) based matching function in which the matching error per pixel is accumulate throughout the block. In this paper, we divided a block into the regions according to their motions using the motion information of the spatio-temporally neighboring blocks and calculate the average MCF for each moving mentioned. From the simulation results, we showed the improved performance of the proposed method by comparing the results from other methods such as the full search method and the edge oriented block matching algorithm. Especially, we improved the quality of the motion compensated images of blocks on motion boundaries.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2010

A statistical evaluation methodology was developed to determine the compliance of candidate waste stream with clearance criteria based upon distribution of radionuclide in a waste stream at a certain confidence level. For the cases where any information on the radionuclide distribution is not available, the relation between arithmetic mean of radioactivity concentration and its acceptable maximum standard deviation was demonstrated by applying widely-known Markov Inequality and One-side Chebyshev Inequality. The relations between arithmetic mean and its acceptable maximum standard deviation were newly derived for normally or lognormally distributed radionuclide in a waste stream, using probability density function, cumulative density function, and other statistical relations. The evaluation methodology was tested for a representative case at 95% of confidence level and 100 Bq/g of clearance level of radioactivity concentration, and then the acceptable range of standard deviation at a given arithmetic mean was quantitatively shown and compared, by varying the type of radionuclide distribution. Furthermore, it was statistically demonstrated that the allowable range of clearance can be expanded, even at the same confidence level, if information on the radionuclide distribution is available.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.191-194
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 효율적인 다시점 비디오 부호화를 위해 히스토그램(histogram)을 이용한 다시점 비디오의 휘도(luminance)와 색차(chrominance)성분 보상 기법을 제안한다. 다시점 비디오는 카메라의 기하학적인 위치 차이와 여러 대의 카메라가 동일한 특성을 가지도록 완벽히 조정되지 못함으로 인해 동일한 시간대에 촬영된 인접한 시점 영상 간에 휘도와 색상의 차이가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 특성은 인접한 카메라로부터 획득된 영상을 참조하여 시점간 움직임 예측 시에 오정합의 원인이 되어 부호화 효율을 떨어뜨리게 된다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 다시점 비디오 부호화를 위해 시점간의 히스토그램을 비교하여 정합하는 휘도 및 색차 보상 기법을 수행한다. 일정한 시간 대역(time interval)에서 다시점 비디오의 평균 누적 히스토그램을 이용하여 참조 영상을 생성하고 각 시점별로 정합 함수를 통해 다시점 영상 간의 휘도와 색상의 불일치성을 보상한다. 제안하는 조명 보상 기법을 통하여 다시점 비디오 부호화 효율을 높일 수 있었다.

• Water for future
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 1991

This study represents the methodology for feasibility analysis of small hydro power plants. Cumulative density function of Weibull distribution and Thi-essen method were adopted to beside flow duration curve at candidate sites. The performance prediction model and construction cost estimation model for tunnel-type small hydro power plants were developed. Eight candidate sites existing on Han river selected and surveyed for actual sites reconnaissance. The performance characteristics and economical feasibility for these sites were analyzed by using developed models. As a result, it was found that the optimum design flowrates with the lowest unit generation cost for tunnel-type small hydro power plants were the flowrate concerning with between 20 % and 30 % of time ratio on the flow duration curve. Additionally, primary design specifications such as design flowrate, effective head, capacity, annual average load factor, annual electricity production were estimated and discussed for surveyed sites.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2011

The scaling properties on the length distribution of microcrack populations from Tertiary crystalline tuff are investigated. From the distribution charts showing length range with 15 directional angles and five groups(I~V), a systematic variation appears in the mean length with microcrack orientation. The distribution charts are distinguished by the bilaterally symmetrical pattern to nearly N-S direction. The whole domain of the length-cumulative frequency diagram for microcrack populations can be divided into three sections in terms of phases of the distribution of related curves. Especially, the linear middle section of each diagram of five groups represents a power-law distribution. The frequency ratio of linear middle sections of five groups ranges from 46.6% to 67.8%. Meanwhile, the slope of linear middle section of each group shows the order: group V($N60{\sim}90^{\circ}E$, -2.02) > group IV($N20{\sim}60^{\circ}E$, -1.55) > group I($N60{\sim}90^{\circ}W$, -1.48), group II($N10{\sim}60^{\circ}W$, -1.48) > group III($N10^{\circ}W{\sim}N20^{\circ}E$, -1.06). Five sub-populations(five groups) that closely follow the power-law length distribution show a wide range in exponents( -1.06 - -2.02). These differences in exponent among live groups emphasizes the importance of orientation effect. In addition, breaks in slope in the lower parts of the related curves represent the abrupt development of longer lengths, which is reflected in the decrease in the power-law exponent. Especially, such a distribution pattern can be seen from the diagram with $N10{\sim}20^{\circ}E,\;N10{\sim}20^{\circ}W$ and $N60{\sim}70^{\circ}W$ directional angles. These three directional angles correspond with main directions of faults developed around the study area. The distribution chart showing the individual characteristics of the length-cumulative frequency diagrams for 15 directional angles were made. By arraying above diagrams according to the categories of three groups(A, B and C), the differences in length-frequency distributions among these groups can be easily derived. The distribution chart illustrates the importance of analysing microcrack sets separately. From the related chart, the occurrence frequency of shorter microcracks shows the order: group A > group B > group C. These three types of distribution patterns could reveal important information on the processes occurred during microcrack growth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.271-275
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 상수관로의 잔존수명을 통계적 기법 중 하나인 비례위험모형(PHM)에 적용하여 평가하였다. 비례위험모형을 구축하기 위한 개별관로의 생존시간은 관로의 파손율이 한계파손율에 도달하는 시간으로 정의하였다. 즉, Park and Loganathan(2002)에서 제시한 GPBM을 적용하여 시간에 따른 개별관로의 파손율을 추정하고 추정된 파손율과 한계파손율의 상등관계를 통해 생존시간을 산정하였다. 또한, 본 연구대상관로에 대한 GPBM을 구축함에 있어, 매설시점에서 누적파손횟수를 0으로 한 파손기록을 입력자료에 추가하는 방법과 가중계수(WF)의 범위를 수정함으로써 기존의 GPBM을 보완하였다. 이로써 파손사건이 최소 1회 이상 기록된 강관 및 주철관에 대한 비례위험모형을 구축하였다. 이와 같이 수정된 방법론은 관로 파손사건 등의 자료의 축적이 미비한 국내 여건에서 비례위험모형 및 GPBM과 같은 통계적 모형을 구축할 때 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구대상관로의 비례위험모형에 포함된 유의한 공변수는 관종과 관경 그리고 길이이며 관종은 비례성 가정을 위배하여 시간종속형 변수로 모형화되었다. 최종 채택된 PHM모형을 통해 생존함수를 추정하였으며 추정된 생존함수를 이용하여 개별관로의 잔존수명 및 경제적 수명 그리고 각 수명에 대한 95% 신뢰구간을 산정하였다. 또한 개별관로의 경제적 수명에 영향을 미치는 공변수의 위험비율도 분석하였다. 분석결과 강관의 평균 경제적 수명은 약 25.1년이고 주철관은 약 21년으로 산정되었다. 또한 관종에 따른 경제적 수명에 도달할 상대적인 위험률은 전반적으로 주철관이 높으나 20년 이상 매설된 관로에서는 강관의 위험률이 높을 것으로 분석되었다. 관경과 길이는 크기에 비례하여 상대적 위험률도 증가하였다.