• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.345-368
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop the School Multicultural Climate(SMC) scale for students and to evaluate its reliability and validity. This study comprises of both qualitative and quantitative research. Preliminary items were developed based on the theoretical literature and interviews with students. The scale was evaluated with students in grades 4 through 6 in the seven elementary schools. Exploratory factor analysis was determined that the scale was composed of four components: Equal Status, Mutual Cooperation, Friendly Relations, Supportive Norms. The scale demonstrated that Cronbach's alpha=.943 for the internal consistency of total items. And the standard error of the measurement, another way of evaluating reliability, was 3.33. Criteria-related validity was evaluated by showing that the differences of the students' recognition of the school multicultural climate level, which depend on the availability of the multiculture-related policy, was statistically significant. The correlation analysis for the convergent validity was performed with the theoretically related variables such as self esteem and school adjustment. It was found that the SMC scale was a reliable and valid measure for evaluating the multicultural climate level of elementary school.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

In this study, text analysis was performed on the mealkit product review data to identify factors affecting the evaluation of the mealkit product. The data used for the analysis were collected by scraping 334,498 reviews of mealkit products in Naver shopping site. After preprocessing the text data, wordclouds and sentiment analyses based on word frequency and normalized TF-IDF were performed. Logistic regression model was applied to predict the polarity of reviews on mealkit products. From the logistic regression models derived for each product category, the main factors that caused positive and negative emotions were identified. As a result, it was verified that text analysis can be a useful tool that provides a basis for maximizing positive factors for a specific category, menu, and material and removing negative risk factors when developing a mealkit product.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2020

우리나라는 농산물시장개방이후 휴경면적의 증가, 농지전용, 도시화의 가속화, 시설작물 재배면적 변화 영향에 의한 논과 밭의 이용 패턴변화 등으로 농촌지역의 토지이용구조가 변화되어 왔다. 이는 곧 국내 토지이용패턴의 변화로 연결되고, 농업구조의 변화는 농촌경관, 농업용수 이용, 농촌지역 비점오염 물질 발생패턴의 변화를 야기할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 금강권역을 연구지역으로 하여, 농업지역의 토지이용변화 중 논 내 시설작물 재배면적 변화에 주안점을 두고 토지이용변화 예측모형인 CLUE-s(Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) 모형을 이용하여 미래 농업지역의 토지이용변화를 예측하고자 하였다. CLUE-s 모형의 입력 자료로 국가수자원관리종합시스템(WAMIS)의 1980~2010년까지 5년 간격 토지이용 통계자료 및 환경부 2008, 2013년 중분류 토지이용 자료에서 금강유역을 추출하여 구축하였다. 모형의 입력자료를 위해 토지이용 항목을 총 7개(수역, 시가지, 논, 밭, 시설재배지, 산림, 초지)로 분류하고 특별토지이용 정책 자료로 농업진흥구역도 및 국토환경성 평가도를 이용하였다. 관측자료의 경향을 이용하여 환경부 중분류 토지이용 변화를 기준으로 농업지역(논, 밭, 시설재배) 변화에 대한 회귀식을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 농업지역 변화에 따른 수문 및 수질의 영향을 파악하고 미래 토지이용 변화에 따른 농촌지역 비점오염 물질 발생패턴 등을 분석하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.386-386
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• 2021

대기 중 온실가스 농도는 인간의 인위적 활동에 의해 증가하고 있으며, 이로 인하여 발생하는 기후변화는 극한 수문 사상에 상당한 영향을 미치고 있다. 특히, 기후변화로 인한 강수 특성의 변화는 홍수, 가뭄, 태풍 등과 같은 극한사상의 변화로 이어지며, 급격한 도시화와 복잡한 사회기반시설물 등과 맞물려 더욱 취약한 홍수위험 문제로 대두된다. 기후변화에 따른 미래의 불확실한 변화에 적응하기 위하여 다양한 기후모델들이 개발되었고, 기후변화와 관련된 많은 응용 연구들이 기후모델에서 모의된 자료를 기반으로 미래를 전망하고 있다. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 제6차 평가보고서(The 6th Assessment Report: AR6)에서는 사회경제 구조의 변화를 반영한 공통사회경제경로 시나리오(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSP) 개념을 도입하였다. SSP 시나리오는 사회경제 변화를 기준으로 기후변화에 대한 완화와 노력에 따라 5개의 시나리오로 구별된다. 기상청 기후정보포털(http://www.climate.go.kr/)에서는 4개 조합의 시나리오(SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP2-RCP4.5, SSP3-RCP7.0, SSP5-RCP8.5) 결과가 제공된다. 자료는 동아시아 지역에 대해 생산한 자료로 25km의 공간해상도를 가지고 있으며, 현재모의기간(1979-2014, S_HIST)과 미래시나리오기간(2015-2020, S_SSP)으로 구분된다. 본 연구에서는 전술한 SSP-RCP 시나리오 조합 중 SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP5-RCP8.5 조합을 이용하여 광주지역 극한강우의 미래 변화를 분석하였다. 시나리오 기반 강우자료의 통계적 특성 분석을 위해 연최대 자료를 추출하여 경향성 및 변동성 분석을 수행하였고, 광주지역 강우 자료에 내재된 특성 변화를 정량적으로 분석하였다.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

Deviation of route in aviation safety management is a dangerous factor that can lead to serious accidents. In this study, the anomaly score is calculated by classifying the tracks through clustering and calculating the distance from the cluster center. The study was conducted by extracting tracks within 100 km of the airport from the ADS-B track data received for one year. The wake was vectorized using linear interpolation. Latitude, longitude, and altitude 3D coordinates were used. Through PCA, the dimension was reduced to an axis representing more than 90% of the overall data distribution, and k-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, and PAM techniques were applied. The number of clusters was selected using the silhouette measure, and an abnormality score was calculated by calculating the distance from the cluster center. In this study, we compare the number of clusters for each cluster technique, and evaluate the clustering result through the silhouette measure.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-200
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• 2006

This research has been done to develope a curricular model for the Information Literacy Course as one of liberal arts courses in Korean universities. This curricular model had resulted from investigating the standards and models for Information Literacy at the 4 standards(ACRL in USA, CAUL in Australia ANZILL in Australia and New Zealand, and SCONUL in the United Kingdom), 5 syllabi for Information Literacy used by 5 American universities and 33 syllabi by 23 Korean universities. On the basis of these educational results of the Information Literacy syllabi, a learning-instruction model has come into being for the Information Literacy Course that includes 7 core areas : information sources, information need, information access. information analysis, information management, information transfer and communication, and information ethics.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2024

Multi-agent systems can be utilized in various real-world cooperative environments such as battlefield engagements and unmanned transport vehicles. In the context of battlefield engagements, where dense reward design faces challenges due to limited domain knowledge, it is crucial to consider situations that are learned through explicit sparse rewards. This paper explores the collaborative potential among allied agents in a battlefield scenario. Utilizing the Multi-Robot Warehouse Environment(RWARE) as a sparse reward environment, we define analogous problems and establish evaluation criteria. Constructing a learning environment with the QMIX algorithm from the reinforcement learning library Ray RLlib, we enhance the Agent Network of QMIX and integrate Random Network Distillation(RND). This enables the extraction of patterns and temporal features from partial observations of agents, confirming the potential for improving the acquisition of sparse reward experiences through intrinsic rewards.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2007

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: The purpose of this study is to develop a practical method for determining accurate marker positions for prostate cancer radiotherapy using CT images and kV x-ray images obtained from the use of the on- board imager (OBI). $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Three gold seed markers were implanted into the reference position inside a prostate gland by a urologist. Multiple digital image processing techniques were used to determine seed marker position and the center-of-mass (COM) technique was employed to determine a representative reference seed marker position. A setup discrepancy can be estimated by comparing a computed $COM_{OBI}$ with the reference $COM_{CT}$. A proposed algorithm was applied to a seed phantom and to four prostate cancer patients with seed implants treated in our clinic. $\underline{Results}$: In the phantom study, the calculated $COM_{CT}$ and $COM_{OBI}$ agreed with $COM_{actual}$ within a millimeter. The algorithm also could localize each seed marker correctly and calculated $COM_{CT}$ and $COM_{OBI}$ for all CT and kV x-ray image sets, respectively. Discrepancies of setup errors between 2D-2D matching results using the OBI application and results using the proposed algorithm were less than one millimeter for each axis. The setup error of each patient was in the range of $0.1{\pm}2.7{\sim}1.8{\pm}6.6\;mm$ in the AP direction, $0.8{\pm}1.6{\sim}2.0{\pm}2.7\;mm$ in the SI direction and $-0.9{\pm}1.5{\sim}2.8{\pm}3.0\;mm$ in the lateral direction, even though the setup error was quite patient dependent. $\underline{Conclusion}$: As it took less than 10 seconds to evaluate a setup discrepancy, it can be helpful to reduce the setup correction time while minimizing subjective factors that may be user dependent. However, the on-line correction process should be integrated into the treatment machine control system for a more reliable procedure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2005

Ginseng Radix, the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer has been used in Eastern Asia for 2000 years as a tonic and restorative, promoting health and longevity. Two varieties are commercially available: white ginseng(Ginseng Radix Alba) is produced by air-drying the root, while red ginseng(Ginseng Radix Rubra) is produced by steaming the root followed by drying. These two varieties of different processing have somewhat differences by heat processing between them. During the heat processing for preparing red ginseng, it has been found to exhibit inactivation of catabolic enzymes, thereby preventing deterioration of ginseng quality and the increased antioxidant-like substances which inhibit lipid peroxide formation, and also good gastro-intestinal absorption by gelatinization of starch. Moreover, studies of changes in ginsenosides composition due to different processing of ginseng roots have been undertaken. The results obtained showed that red ginseng differ from white ginseng due to the lack of acidic malonyl-ginsenosides. The heating procedure in red ginseng was proved to degrade the thermally unstable malonyl-ginsenoside into corresponding netural ginsenosides. Also the steaming process of red ginseng causes degradation or transformation of neutral ginsenosides. Ginsenosides $Rh_2,\;Rh_4,\;Rs_3,\;Rs_4\;and\;Rg_5$, found only in red ginseng, have been known to be hydrolyzed products derived from original saponin by heat processing, responsible for inhibitory effects on the growth of cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis. 20(S)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was also formed in red ginseng and was shown to exhibit vasorelaxation properties, antimetastatic activities, and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Recently, steamed red ginseng at high temperature was shown to provide enhance the yield of ginsenosides $Rg_3\;and\;Rg_5$ characteristic of red ginseng Additionally, one of non-saponin constituents, panaxytriol, was found to be structually transformed from polyacetylenic alcohol(panaxydol) showing cytotoxicity during the preparation of red ginseng and also maltol, antioxidant maillard product, from maltose and arginyl-fructosyl-glucose, amino acid derivative, from arginine and maltose. In regard to the in vitro and in vivo comparative biological activities, red ginseng was reported to show more potent activities on the antioxidant effect, anticarcinogenic effect and ameliorative effect on blood circulation than those of white ginseng. In oriental medicine, the ability of red ginseng to supplement the vacancy(허) was known to be relatively stronger than that of white ginseng, but very few are known on its comparative clinical studies. Further investigation on the preclinical and clinical experiments are needed to show the differences of indications and efficacies between red and white ginsengs on the basis of oriental medicines.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.124-134
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• 2019

An analytical method was developed for the determination of broflanilide and its metabolites in agricultural products. Sample preparation was conducted using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer). The analytes were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up using d-SPE (dispersive solid phase extraction) sorbents such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate, primary secondary amine (PSA) and octadecyl ($C_{18}$). The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery results for broflanilide, DM-8007 and S(PFP-OH)-8007 ranged between 90.7 to 113.7%, 88.2 to 109.7% and 79.8 to 97.8% at different concentration levels (LOQ, 10LOQ, 50LOQ) with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 8.8%. The inter-laboratory study recovery results for broflanilide and DM-8007 and S (PFP-OH)-8007 ranged between 86.3 to 109.1%, 87.8 to 109.7% and 78.8 to 102.1%, and RSD values were also below 21%. All values were consistent with the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guidelines (CAC/GL 40-1993, 2003) and the Food and Drug Safety Evaluation guidelines (2016). Therefore, the proposed analytical method was accurate, effective and sensitive for broflanilide determination in agricultural commodities.