• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2009

Background: The musculoskeletal disorders with asymmetrical gait on the whole body are the most common. This study was designed to analyze that General Coordinative Manipulation Intervention Models would affect the balanced restoration of asymmetrical gait. Methods: 68 healthy volunteers(1st hypothesis: 46, 2nd hypothesis 22) participated in the two GCM intervention models, which have performed 2 times a week for 3 weeks. Digital Camera was used to measure the gait, and measurements were performed before and after the application of the each intervention model. Repeated measured ANOVA was used to determine a statistical significance. Results: The outcome of examining hypothesis is as follows: 1. The 1st hypothesis : GCM Intervention based on the coordinating the flexion type of upper body and the extension type of lower body will improve in the balanced restoration of asymmetrical gait because it offers a clear direction for treatment(p<.05). 2. The 2nd hypothesis: GCM Intervention based on the coordinating the flexion type of lower body and the extension type of upper body will improve in the balanced restoration of asymmetrical gait because it offers a clear direction for treatment(p<.05). Conclusion: GCM intervention programs on the two hypothesis groups have effects on the balanced restoration of asymmetrical gait(p<.05).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.488-493
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• 2011

The Korean spine geometry and property data for researchers were made by KISTI and Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy. We took whole spine CT, X-Ray, BMD scan for making high resolution cross-sectional spine images using more 20 donated cadavers(60 - 80 years). Then we constructed 3-dimensional volume model using serial CT images by Mimics software. The major morphometric parameters of vertebrae were measured. Mechanical motion and property data were obtained by the same cadavers using the DEXA for BMD and the spine simulator. The Korean spine geometry and property data could be used for research and development of medical device.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Purpose : The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the abdominal draw-in exercise (ADIE) and the dead bug exercise (DBE) on the pelvic anterior tilt angle and the activities of the gluteus maximus (GM), erector spinae (ES), and semi tendinosus (ST) during prone hip extension. Methods : A total of 22 female adults with weak abdominal muscles were divided into two groups: ADIE group (n=11) and DBE group (n=11). The muscle activities of the GM, ES, and ST along with the pelvic anterior tilt angle during prone hip extension were measured using a wireless surface electromyograph and gyro sensor before performing the prescribed exercise. Two groups conducted the assigned exercise for 10 minutes. After the exercise, their muscle activities and the pelvic anterior tilt angle were equally re measured. Results : In the DBE group, the muscle activity of GM was significantly increased after the intervention (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of increase in the activity of GM (p>0.05). Moreover, in both groups, the activity of ES and the pelvic anterior tilt angle decreased significantly after the intervention (p<0.05) The decreased quantity in the pelvic anterior tilt angle and in the activity of ES showed no difference between the two groups (p>0.05). In the activity of ST, there was no significant difference within and between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion : Therefore, we suggest that ADIE and DBE are effective for women with weak abdominal muscles since the ES activity and pelvic anterior tilt angle are reduced during prone hip extension.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.463-471
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle imbalance on motion of back squat. The isokinetic muscle strength of the 8 subjects was recorded for the knee flexion/extension by the cybex 770 dynamometer. Each subject performed 3 back squats with the long barbell with an intensity of 25% body weight(BW), 50%BW, 100%BW, 125%BW. During the back squat through the recorded kinematic data the subjects' maximum flexion and extension knee angle, center of mass displacement and V-COP were calculated for evaluation of the stability of the movement. For the statistical analysis independent t-test was used. Knee flexion angle and COM displacement are dominated by the reciprocal muscle ratio. V-COP factor was dominated by bilateral extension deficit. Based on the results we can know that as the intensity of the squat increased to a level control was difficult because the muscles' imbalance influenced the movement.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the abdominal draw-in (ADI) exercise on the onset times of the gluteus maximus (GM) and erector spinae (ES) as well as the pelvic anterior tilt angle during prone hip extension (PHE). Methods : A total of 24 female adults were divided into two groups: those with normal abdominal muscles (n=12) and those with weak abdominal muscles (WAM; n=12). Before the intervention, the onset times of the GM and ES along with the pelvic angle during PHE were measured. Subsequently, the participants conducted the ADI exercise for 10 minutes. After conducting the ADI exercise, the onset times and the pelvic angle were re-measured. Results : In the pre-intervention comparison between the two groups, the WAM group showed faster ES onset times and higher pelvic angle than the normal group (p<0.05). In the WAM group, the ES onset times were significantly delayed after the ADI exercise (p<0.05). In both groups, the pelvic angle was significantly decreased after the ADI exercise (p<0.05). The decrease in the pelvic angle was significantly greater in the WAM group than in the normal group (p<0.05). The GM onset time was found to be not significant in all comparisons (p>0.05). Conclusion : Therefore, it can be concluded that after performing the ADI exercise, the pelvic anterior tilt during PHE is decreased in normal women and those with WAM, especially in the WAM group, suggesting that the ADI exercise can reduce the compensatory pelvic anterior tilt more effectively by delaying the ES onset times.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of hip abduction angle on the muscle activity of the Gluteus Maximus (GM), Biceps Femoris (BF) and Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL) during Knee Flexed Prone Hip Extension exercise. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 42 healthy individuals. All participant consented to participate in this study. Subjects performed exercise, using the Knee Flexed Prone Hip Extension exercise in three hip abduction position $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$. Subjects rested two minutes, between changing hip abduction position. Data were analyzed using a Noraxon MR-XP 1.08 Master Edition EMG to determine average amplitude, for each angle and muscle. All data were processed by Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). There were a total of three groups. the GM muscle, BF muscle, TFL muscle. RESULTS: GM muscle activity was greatest in the $30^{\circ}$ hip abduction position (p<.05), followed by $0^{\circ}$. Between $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ has significant difference in muscle activity. However, the BF and TFL amplitude were greatest at $0^{\circ}$ hip abduction position followed by $30^{\circ}$. Moreover, the TFL differed significantly between $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, but, BF did not (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Hip abduction at $30^{\circ}$ was found to be the most appropriate position for GM muscle activity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine if there is any correlation between pelvic tilt angle and trunk motion and trunk extensor during trunk forward flexion and to measure trunk motion, onset time of trunk motion, and onset time of trunk extensor activation. Methods : The subjects of this study were 42 healthy adults. The subjects had no back pain due to neurological disease and no experience of back surgery. After pelvic tilt angle was measured, each trunk forward flexion was performed three times. Trunk motion and onset time of trunk motion were measured using Myomotion. Four sensors were used, with one located at the upper thoracic (below $C_7$), the lower thoracic ($T_{12}-L_1$), the sacrum ($S_1$), and at the center of the anterior femur. Onset time of trunk extensors (spinalis, longissimus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius) activation was measured using a wireless surface EMG. The EMG amplitude was normalized by using the reference voluntary contraction (RVC). The statistical significance of the results were evaluated using Pearson's correlation test. Results : The correlation between pelvic tilt angle and lumbar motion, onset time of pelvis motion, and onset time of gluteus medius activation was statistically significant in a positive direction (p<.05). The correlation between pelvic tilt angle with pelvis motion, onset time of lumbar motion, and onset time of longissimus activation showed a statistically significant negative correlation (p<.05). Conclusion : The study results provide a significant contribution to our understanding of the lumbar load at the initial stage of trunk flexion. Therefore, it may be possible to provide basic data for evaluation and treatment, such as orthodontic treatment for alignment of the spine and back pain. In addition, it is necessary to focus on normal exercise pattern reeducation as well as pelvic correction during exercise in daily life or in industrial fields.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.543-551
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• 2018

This study investigated the effects of corrective exercise and TECAR on cervical alignment, pain threshold, and pain in forward head posture patients. The subject includes 30 forward head posture patients. In the intervention methods, the experimental group combined corrective exercise and TECAR treatment. Only the corrective exercise was applied to the control group. Assessments were made on cervico vertebra angle (CV angle), pain pressure threshold (PPT) and neck disability index (NDI) visual analog scale (VAS). The intervention was conducted six times a week for two weeks. Both groups showed significant differences in CV angle, PPT, NDI, and VAS. Also, PPT, NDI, and VAS excluding CV angle were significantly improved in the study group compared to the control group. These results suggest that the intervention method that combines corrective exercise and TECAR treatment has a more positive effect on pain and ADL ability of forward head posture patient.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.263-274
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• 2019

Purpose: This article was conducted to determine the immediate effects of unilateral contract-relax (CR) stretching on contralateral knee extension range and to compare both sides of the knee extension range between experimental and control groups. Methods: This study recruited 16 adult males and females with straight leg raising abilities below $90^{\circ}$. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group comprising 8 subjects each. The experimental group performed direct CR stretching on the right hamstring muscles with straight hip extension adduction, and the control group performed indirect CR stretching on the right hamstring muscles with straight hip flexion abduction. Each group performed CR stretching 4 times with 4 repetitions comprising 10 sec of contraction and a 10 sec break between repetitions. Before and after the CR stretching exercises, the subjects' passive knee extensions were measured at the hip in a $90^{\circ}$ flexed position. The subjects' peak force on the right leg and peak pressure on the left leg during each CR stretching exercise were also measured. Results: After doing CR stretching 4 times, each group showed a significantly increased passive knee extension range on both sides, and there was no difference in the passive knee extension ranges between the groups. The peak force on the right leg was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. There was no difference in peak pressure between the groups. Conclusion: After applying unilateral CR stretching, the study subjects experienced a significantly increased passive knee extension range on the contralateral side. For patients who find it difficult to apply stretching techniques to knee joints directly, the use of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique of CR stretching may be useful in improving the range of the knee joint on the contralateral side without direct treatment.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle contraction onset time characteristics of the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris muscles at different knee flexion angles in individuals with shortened or over-lengthened hamstrings performing prone hip extension. Methods: Twenty-six participants were divided into a hamstring shortened group (n = 12) and hamstring lengthened group (n = 14). Wireless surface electromyography was used to verify the muscle onset time of the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris when performing prone hip extension at different knee flexion angles. Results: There were significant differences in the muscle onset times of the semitendinosus and biceps femoris between the hamstring shortened group and hamstring lengthened group (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the muscle contraction onset times among of the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris muscles when performing prone hip extension at a knee flexion of 90° in the hamstring shortened group (p < 0.05) and a knee flexion angle of 0° in the hamstring lengthened group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In all groups, there was no effect on the onset time of the gluteus maximus muscle according based on the knee angle. In addition, the knee flexion angles affected the onset time of the muscle contraction of the gluteus maximus muscle in the hamstring shortened group and hamstring lengthened group with an abnormal length of the hamstring muscle.