• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.585-597
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• 2013

In this study, in order to evaluate stability of the room-and-pillar underground structure, a series of preliminary numerical analyses were performed. Design concept and procedure of an underground structure for obtaining a space are proposed, which should be different from structural design for the room-and-pillar in mine. With assumed material properties, a series of numerical analyses were performed by varying size ratios of room and pillar and then the failure modes and location at yielding initiation were investigated. From the results, relationship between the ratio of pillar width to the roof span (w/s) and overburden pressure at failure initiation shows a relatively linear relation, and the effect of w/s on structural stability is much more critical than the ratio of pillar width and height (w/H) which is a crucial parameter in design of the room-and-pillar mining. It means that roof tensile failure and shear failure at shoulder and pillar are necessary to be considered together for confirming overall structural stability of the room-and-pillar structure, rather than considering the pillar stability only in mining. Failure modes and location at failure initiation were varied with respect to the ratio of room and pillar widths. Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously consider stability of both roof span and pillar for design of underground structure by the room-and-pillar method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05c
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• pp.123-130
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• 1996

탄소성파괴역학의 발달과 함께 원자력 발전소의 설계시 고려해야 하는 고에너지 배관의 양단파단사고와 같은 극한 가정 대신 파단전누설(LBB : Leak Before Break)개념을 배관설계시 고려할 수 있도록 관련 규제 요건이 완화되어 원자력 발전소 고에너지 계통 설계에 새로운 설계 개념으로 적용할 수 있게 되었다. 파단전누설개념 적용시 균열 안정성 평가에 가장 널리 사용되는 방법은 J-T 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 유한요소법 사용시 균열 선단에서 요소의 크기 및 경계 조건 (Boundary Condition)이 변화할 때 Applied J 적분값에 미치는 영향을 ABAQUS 전산 프로그램을 이용하여 조사하였다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2009

As a basic study for investigating the development of the stress-induced crack in Hoek-Brown rock, a homogenization technique of elastic cracks is proposed. The onset of crack is monitored by Hoek-Brown empirical criterion, while the orientation of the crack is determined by the critical plane approach. The concept of volume averaging in stress and strain component was invoked to homogenize the representative rock volume which consists of intact rock and cracks. The formulation results in the constitutive relations for the homogenized equivalent anisotropic material. The homogenization model was implemented in the standard FEM code COSMOSM. The numerical uniaxial tests were performed under plane strain condition to check the validity of the propose numerical model. The effect of friction between the loading plate and the rock sample on the mode of deformation and fracturing was examined by assuming two different contact conditions. The numerical simulation revealed that the homogenized model is able to capture the salient features of deformation and fracturing which are observed commonly in the uniaxial compression test.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.597-610
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• 2022

Knowledge of the failure behavior of friction materials considering their intermediate principal stress is related to an understanding of situations where these materials might be used: for example, the stability of deep-seated boreholes and fault slip analysis. This study designed equipment for physically implementing true triaxial compression and used it to assess specimens of plaster, a friction material. The material's mechanical behaviors are discussed based on the results. The applicability of the 3D failure criteria are also reviewed. The tested specimens were molded cuboids of width, length, and height 52, 52, and 104 mm, respectively. A total of 24 true triaxial compression tests were performed under various combinations of 𝜎₃ and 𝜎₂ conditions. Conventional uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were employed to estimate the mechanical properties of the plaster for use as parameters for 3D failure criteria. Examining the stress-strain relations of the plaster materials showed that a large difference between the intermediate principal stress and the minimum principal stress indicated strong brittle behavior. The mechanical behavior of the plaster used here reflects the change of intermediate principal stress. Nonlinear multiple regression analysis on the test data in the principal space showed that the modified Wiebols-Cook failure criterion and the modified Lade failure criterion were the most suitable 3D failure criteria for the tested plaster.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2011

중량물 혹은 철골구조물 등을 고정시키는데, 건축구조물의 철골기둥, 터빈 제네레이터 기기등을 콘크리트 구조물에 부착시키기 위해 널리 쓰인다. 1990년대 들어 국내 건물의 리모델링, 보수 및 유지관리의 증가에 따라 앵커의 사용량도 현저히 증가하고 있으나 대부분 고가의 외국산제품을 수입하고 있다. 현재 국내외에 주로 시행되는 앵커타입은 마찰형 앵커이나 마찰형 앵커와 달리 지압형 앵커의 경우, 외국에서는 이미 그 유효성에 대한 인식이 널리 퍼져있으며 각국의 지반조건에 적합한 설계법이 개발되었다. 그러나 국내의 경우 이러한 연구가 미진한 실정이며 이에 대한 연구가 절실한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 중량물앵커(Heavy Duty Anchor)의 인장시험을 실시하여 내력을 규명하고 도출한 결과를 기존 시험연구 결과와 비교분석하여 기 제안된 이론식들과 사업경제성에대해 보다 깊이있고 정확한 적용성을 입증하는데 본 연구를 수행하였다. 시험을 통한 저강도 파괴시험의 결과 구조부재의 접합부에서 각 시험체마다 뽑힘파괴가 발생하였으며, 뽑힘파괴가 발생한 시험체는 앵커강재의 파괴력 또는 콘크리트의 콘파괴를 발생시키기에는 앵커슬리브의 확장력이 작게 작용되었다. 그 결과, 콘파괴 대신 구조부재의 접합부에서 뽑힘파괴가 발생되었으며 이를 통해 설계시, 앵커의 안정성을 증가시키기 위해 구조부재의 접합부를 연성적이며, 부가여력을 충분히 지니도록 설계하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 고강도 파괴시험의 결과 콘파괴가 발생되었음을 알 수 있는데, 본 시험에 사용된 앵커의 경우 정착위치가 구조물의 연단 모서리 거리와 너무 근접하여 앵커의 내력이 감소하게 되어 콘크리트의 콘강도가 발생되기 전에 먼저 파괴되었다. 따라서 설계시, 앵커의 파괴강도를 증가시키기 위해 앵커의 정착위치를 고려한 설치를 통해 앵커체결과정에서 적정 연단거리를 확보하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 앵커볼트 최소간격과 연단거리에 따른 파괴시험결과 앵커볼트의 간격이 허용범위 내에서 넓어질수록 불균등 부반력의 차는 감소하였으며, 최대 부반력도 감소하였다. 따라서 앵커의 파괴저항강도를 증가시키기 위해서는 허용범위 내에서 앵커볼트의 설치간격을 증가시키는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.422-428
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• 2011

Optimal reliability indices were found by optimizing life cycle cost(LCC) of pier type quay walls. Failure probability of pier and shore bridge were calculated by response surface method. Then, they were used to obtain recovery cost after damage. Costs for initial construction and maintenance were also considered in finding optimal reliability indices. Target reliability indices which may be used in reliability based design were suggested by numerical examples under seismic load and ship load.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.20-28
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• 2008

In the design stage of a tunnel, the wall convergence is commonly estimated through an elasto-plastic analysis of the tunnel, which has been a topic drawing many researcher's attention so far. Despite its importance, however, the elasto-plastic behavior of a circular tunnel excavated in a generalized Hoek-Brown rockmass is still poorly understood. In this study, a simple munerical method based on Lee & Pietruszczak (2008) for the elasto-plastic analysis of a circular tunnel surrounded by reinforced annulus is proposed. It is assumed that the tunnel is excavated in a strain-softening rockmass obeying the generalized Hoek-Brown failure condition. The commercial code FLAC is used for the verification of the proposed method. The influence of the Hoek-Brown strength parameter a and the thickness of the reinforcement annulus on the elasto-plastic behavior around the tunnel was discussed by conducting some example analyses. The results show that the influence of these two parameters on the distribution of stresses and displacements is substantial.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 1993

Abstract The effects of the hole size and the specimen width on the fracture behavior of several fabric composite plates are experimentally investigated in tension. Tests are performed on plain woven glass/ epoxy, plain woven carbon/epoxy and satin woven glass/polyester specimens with a circular hole. It is shown in this paper that the characteristic length according to the point stress criterion depends on the hole size and the specimen width. An excellent agreement is found between the experimental results and the analytical predictions of the modified failure criterion. The notched strength increase with an increase in the damage ratio, which is explained by a stress relaxation due to the formation of damage zone. When the unstable fracture occurred, the critical crack length equivalent for the damage zone is about twice the characteristic length. The critical energy release rate $G_c$ is independent of hole size for the same specimen width. The variation of $G_c$ according to the material system, fiber volume fraction and specimen width relates to the notch sensitivity factor. $G_c$ increases with a decrease in the notch sensitivity factor, which can be explained by a stress relaxation due to the increase of damage zone.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 1988

The inverse algorithm of Point-Fitted Paraboloid Approximation is derived and used in reliability-based calculations. The algorithm of Reliability- Conditioned method is modified in the calculation of failure points such that nonlinear performance functions can be treated in like manner as linear cases without new formulations. SOSM/RC combined method results in probability of failure closed to specified one, and partial safety factors become nearly constant for a wide range of load ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2005

This paper presents a laboratory investigation on the failure mechanism of geosynthetic reinforced slopes using 1/5-scale reduced model. The components of the model were selected with due consideration of the similitude law and the step-by-step actual wall construction procedure was closely simulated. The model tests successfully replicated the failure mechanism with relative density, slope and vertical spacing.