• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.967-972
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• 2014

The good light permeability and hardness of glass allow it to be used in various fields. Non-conventional machining methods have been used for glass machining because of its brittle properties. As one non-contact machining method, a laser has advantages that include a high machining speed and the fact that no tool making is required. However, glass has light permeability. Thus, the use of a laser to machine glass has limitations. A nanosecond pulse laser can be used at low power for laser-induced backside wet etching, which is an indirect method. In previous studies, a short-wave laser that had good light absorption but a high price was used. In this study, a near-infrared laser was used to test the possibility of glass micro-machining. In particular, when deeper machining was conducted on a glass structure, more problems could result. To solve these problems, microstructure manufacturing was conducted using ultrasonic vibration.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.51
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• pp.103-124
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze regional clusters and discrimination on size and sector of private security in national 16 areas in 2015. The results of the study using hierarchical cluster analysis and discriminant analysis are as follows. First, we can classify national 16 areas into 3 clusters, such as Large Area(1), Medium Area(2), and Small Area(3) according to the size of private security. The discriminant functions D for each cluster is as follows: (1) Large Area(1) = -383.981 + (.108 ${\times}$ number of security companies) + (.016 ${\times}$ number of guards), (2) Medium Area(2) = -35.570 + (.029 ${\times}$ number of security companies) + (.005 ${\times}$ number of guards), and (3) Small Area(3) = -5.381 + (.012 ${\times}$ number of security companies) + (.002 ${\times}$ number of guards). Second, we can classify national 16 areas into 3 clusters, such as Large Area(1), Medium Area(2), and Small Area(3) according to the sector of private security. The discriminant function D for each cluster is as follows: (1) Large Area(1) = -2224.402 + (-.562 ${\times}$ facilities security) + (1.245 ${\times}$ protection security) + (171.142 ${\times}$ convoy security) + (-2.722 ${\times}$ electronic security) + (2.020 ${\times}$ special security), (2) Medium Area(2) = -4.762 + (.052 ${\times}$ facilities security) + (.063 ${\times}$ protection security) + (-3.819 ${\times}$ convoy security) + (.110 ${\times}$ electronic security) + (-.165 ${\times}$ special security), and (3) Small Area(3) = -125.742 + (-.009 ${\times}$ facilities security) + (.432 ${\times}$ protection security) + (5.748 ${\times}$ convoy security) + (5.530 ${\times}$ electronic security) + (-.901 ${\times}$ special security).

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.369-378
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• 2012

In France, there are many forms of organizations based on the intercommunal solidarity for city development and management. The purpose of the collaboration among Communes is to achieve high quality and well-equipped service-delivery system through co-operation of public services needed grand finances : water supply and sewage system and waste disposal system etc. The cooperation among French Communes and its effects, even though these were owing to the existing French local administration system, continued throughout regional co-management and social co-development process. This study suggested some characteristics and implications of the collaborative-style French new-town development and management organizations focused on the EPA, SAN and CA. First, the role of developmental corporation like EPA and its collaborative structure of decision-making are meaningful, because in these ways many related Communes could share a goal of new town development. Second, the way of new town corporation (SAN) is important in the sense of enabling the Communes to collaborate with each others while maintaining autonomy, so those are not simply state-directed objects, which was very difficult in the former French local administration system. Finally, transforming to CA (Communautes d'agglomeration:city community), EPA as an intercommunal corporation is possible to extend its purpose to the domain of regional planning including new town and periphery areas and change its position to a subject which can practice Commune's sustainable development according to stages of city's development and maturity. The most important implication of this study on urban development in Korea is that administrative consultative council or association among local governments and related authorities need to be established and effectively operate because multi-stakeholders could share a goal of urban development and management through that.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.191-208
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the integration aspect of operators to determine an improvement strategy for the operating system to enhance competitiveness of Busan Port. This Study proposes the following alternatives: valuation standards for the integration of operators, the road map for the integration period, the scope and role setting of integrated operators' participation of Busan Port Authority(BPA), and the separation and linkage North Port and the New Port operators. First, the valuation standards for operator integration should be based on international standards. Additionally quantitative factors such as financial situation, business performance and participating companies' profitability, and the qualitative factors such as management ability, technology, and labor relations should be considered. Second, the timing of North Port's operator integration should be prioritized in the short term in conjunction with the commencement of its phase 2-4, 2-5, and 2-6. The integration of New Port operators should provide a road map for a relatively long-term perspective. Third, the participation of BPA' integrated operators should be considered in terms of publicity as a policy coordinator between terminals and by pursuing the profitability of entering into overseas business by fostering Korean global terminal operators. The scope and role of participation ensures that the experience and technology of the terminal operation business is maximized. Fourth, because physically intergrating the North Port' operator into a single corporate form is difficult, initially establishing a special purpose company to maximize the effect of the integrated operation is necessary. Then, the operators decided to convert to a holding company given the termination of the lease term contract with the State or BPA, and ultimately proposed a merger into a single corporation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2010

This is the first of the two papers dealing with reliability analyses for external and internal stability of a quay wall constructed on a special foundation. A new practical reliability analysis method is proposed in this paper to evaluate the quantitative risk associated with external stability of a quay wall constructed on the deep cement mixed ground. The method can consider uncertainties in various design variables. For the risk estimation to external stability of the improved soil-quay wall, three corresponding limit state functions of sliding, overturning and bearing capacity are fully defined by introducing concept of the secondary random variable. Three representative reliability methods, MVFOSM, FORM and MCS are then applied to evaluate the failure probabilities of the three limit state functions explicitly expressed in terms of the basic and secondary random variables. From the reliability analysis results, the failure probabilities obtained from the three approaches are very close to each other, and the sliding failure mode appears to be the most critical when the earthquake loading is under consideration.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.17
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• pp.153-183
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• 2004

The Gaisong Merchants can be regarded to playa pioneering role to activate the Korea's trade with foreign countries. In the early period of Yi-Dynasty, the Gaisong Merchants focused on personal trade, but in the middle period of Yi-Dynasty, they entered to the realm of governmental trade. Furthermore, their business activities widened to various forms of trades, for example, smuggling. Utilizing accumulated capital, Gaisong merchants expanded their trading activities to their neighboring countries such as Japan and China. In recent times, it is necessary for modem Korean companies to diversify risks through the establishment of corporations for production, marketing and R&D abroad or through joint venture, M&A and strategic alliance with foreign companies in order to reduce the risks originated from volatile economic and political situations. In this study, we utilize tools of comparative study to compare Gaisong Merchants' foreign trade strategies with those of modem companies such as AMOREPACIFIC, HANILCEMENT and SHINDORICO. The purpose of the paper is to test the hypothesis that modem Korean companies grew up by following the cases of Gaisong Merchants' business activities. We summarize our main findings as follows. First, both Gaisong Merchants and modem Korean companies have common functional core capability in the field of marketing, manufacturing technology, R&D, and human resources development. Second, both Gaisong Merchants and modem Korean companies have common organizational core capability. Third, both Gaisong Merchants and modem Korean companies have common infrastructures such as planning, finance, accounting and MIS. It constitutes the infrastructure of Korea's foreign trade sector. Fourth, both Gaisong Merchants and modem companies have common organizational culture in the field of management policy and philosophy. Actually, those factors are evaluated to be driving forces of Koera's success in foreign trade. In conclusion, the business activities of Gaisong Merchants who represented the peculiarity of Korean business spirit are partially inherited to current Korean business management. The value system and behavior pattern of modern Korean companies is succeeded from the spirit of Gaisong Merchants and it playa major role to specify the identity of Korean business administration.