• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2002

목적: 한의학에서 어혈증으로 야기되는 여러 가지 증상의 개선에 사용되는 실소산가미의 범발성혈관내응고증 및 혈전증에 미치는 영향을 연구하는 것이다. 방법 : 동물은 Wistar-King atrain Rats(150-200g)를 사용하였고, 혈전증은 세포내독소로 유발하였다. 측정은 실소산가미와 각 구성약물들에 대한 혈소판, 섬유소원, 프로트롬빈시간, 섬유소섬유소원분해산물에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 결과: 항혈전의 특성에 관한 것은 실소산가미와 구성약물중 포황, 오령지, 적작약, 도인 그리고 울금에서 억제특성이 나타났으며, 또한 실소산가미와 구성약물은 정상쥐에서 범발성혈관내응고증에서 혈소판과 섬유소원의 감소가 억제되었고, 섬유소분해산물의 증가가 억제 되었다. 실험관 실험에서 실소산가미와 구성약물은 트롬빈에 의해 섬유소원에서 섬유소로 전환이 억제되었으며, 플라스미노겐 또는 플라스민의 활성을 억제하였다. 결론: 실소산가미가 세포내독소로 유발된 혈전증에 대한 억제작용을 보이므로, 혈전증으로 야기되는 심혈관계질환등의 치료 및 예방에 응용가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.1 s.136
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• pp.52-61
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• 2004

Inhibitory activities of 264 methanol extracts, which were prepared from different parts of 210 kinds of wild and medicinal plants, against human thrombin were evaluated. Based on the anti-coagulation activity determined by thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, the 14 extracts were screened. The fibrinolytic activity, heat stability and inhibition of other proteolytic digestive enzymes, such as pepsin, papain, trypsin and chymotrypsin, of the 14 extracts were further determined, and Ginko biloba (herba), Ephedra sinica (radix), Reynoutria elliptica (herba), Amomum tsao-ko Crevost (fructus), and Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils (bark) were finally selected as possible plant sources for anti-thrombosis agent. These results suggested that medicinal and wild plants could be the potential source of thrombin inhibitor.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2016

This study was designed to develop the functional beverage using Salicornia herbacea L (SH). To evaluate the anti-oxidation and anti-thrombosis activities of SH, the ethanol extracts of leaf (LF), stem (ST) and seed (SD) of SH were prepared. Components analysis showed the total polyphenol of LF > ST > SD, and the total flavonoid of LF > SE > ST, respectively. Amounts of total sugar and reducing sugar of LF and ST were similar, but the SD had only 1/10 of sugar contents of LF. Anti-oxidation activities of each extract determined by calculated RC₅₀ showed LF > SD > ST for DPPH anion, nitrite and reducing power, and LF = SD > ST for ABTS cation scavenging activity, respectively. In anti-coagulation assay, SD showed strong inhibition activity against thrombin and blood coagulation factors. All the extracts had no platelet aggregation activities against human platelet and no hemolysis against human RBC. Our results suggest that the SD from SH has a great potential as a new anti-coagulation agent.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 1996

From December of 1994 to April of 1995, we, SHUH Department of Pediatric Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, studied effects of aprotinin. 95 patients were randomly divided into two groups : group I (n=47) with aprotinin and group ll (n=48) without aprotinin. Aprotinin was given as one shot injection to cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion solution with dose of 50,000 KIUikg. Laboratory data such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, BUH, creatinine, fibrinogen, electrolyte concentration, aPTT, PT, and AT R was checked preoperatively, 5 minutes after anesthesia, 5 minutes and 35 minutes after CPB circulation, and 5 minutes, 3 hours, and 24 hours after reperfusion. Also, chest-tube drainage, transfused amount of RBC, platelet concentrate, and fresh frozen plasma within first 24 hours postoperatively were checked and analyzed after transition nn body weight demension. Only RBC transfused postoperatively had statistical significance with P value of less than 0.001. Others had no difference statistical wise. Postoperative side effects of aprotinin was not detected weeks after the surgery and there was no reoperated patient due to postoperative bleeding.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to identify and characterize fibrinolytic compound from Cornus officinalis. Cornus officinalis. Hot water extract was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions. Assays for fibrinolytic activity indicated that only the ethyl acetate fraction had significant efficacy at 1.36 plasmin units/mL. Isolation of fibrinolytic compound was carried out on Amberlite IRA-400, Sephadex LH-20 and active charcoal column chromatography. HPLC analysis of the purified fibrinolytic compound showed retention time (RT) same as authentic malic acid. LC / MS / MS in negative mode showed the same peak at m/z 133, confirming that the purified compound was malic acid with a molecular weight 134 Da. The compound showed fibrinolytic activity of 0.69 plasmin units/mL, 14.62% of thrombin inhibitory activity, 6.42% of antioxidative activity, and 17.28% of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The purified compound hydrolyzed γ subunits of human fibrinogen. In conclusion, malic acid isolated from Cornus officinalis might have potential to be developed as ingredient for biofunctional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2008

Although the number of patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis has increased dramatically since the widespread use of contact lens, it is still very hard to cure the disease. The proteases from the Acanthamoeba were reported to play important role in the pathogenesis of keratitis. In this study, the inhibitors for extracellular serine proteases of A. castellanii were screened from the extracts of 230 mushroom samples collected from various regions of Korea. The mushrooms were extracted with methanol and water ($65^{\circ}C$). Filtered and concentrated extracts (0.3 mg/ml) were preincubated with proteases before addition of peptide substrate N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phe p-anilide. The selected extracts showing strong inhibitory effects were characterized. Although inhibition with single extract was not so high enough, the complete inhibition was achieved with combination of two extracts. The selected extract showed little effect on other serine proteases such as thrombin (human and bovine) and on general protease such as protease K.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.263-272
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• 2005

To develop safe and new anticoagulation agents from natural resources, the inhibitory activities of 291 methanol extracts, which were prepared from different parts of 197 medicinal and wild plants, against human thrombin were evaluated. Based in anti-coagulation activity determined by thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, the extract of leaf of Myrica rubra was finally selected. The extract of M. rubra showed a strong thrombin inhibitory activity (above 1,819%) at 0.5 mg/ml as a final concentration, whereas aspirin showed 337% inhibition at concentration of 1.5 mg/ml. The activity of the extract remained more than 85% and 60% by heat treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30min, and acid treatment at pH 2 for 60 min, respectively. Our results suggested that the extract of Myrica rubra could be the potential source as thrombin inhibitor.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.296-298
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• 2012

In this study, the biological activities of 33 kinds of wild mushroom methanol extracts were investigated. Boletellus elatus showed the greatest fibrinolytic activity (1.08 plasmin units/mL) in a fibrin plate assay, and the activity of Heterobasidion insulasis was 0.89 plasmin units. The thrombin inhibitory activities of Boletellus elatus and Heterobasidion insulasis were 93.32% and 93.69%, respectively. In a ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity test, Laccaria amethystina showed the greatest inhibitory activity at 81.25%. The antioxidative activities of Gomphus sp. and Geastrum lageniforme were 91.37% and 90.42%, respectively. Since Boletellus elatus and Heterobasidion insulasis have strong fibrinolytic and thrombin inhibitory and antioxidative activities, the two mushrooms can be used as material for the development of biofunctional foods for cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.357-362
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• 2008

The dried roots of Aralia continentalis Kitagawa is known to have the potential for anti-inflammation and anti-rheumatic, but their effects on thrombosis are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-platelet and antioxidative activities of A. continentalis Kitagawa. Methanol extract and its various fractions of A. continentalis Kitagawa inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and EtOAc fraction showed strongest inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner with a $IC_{50}$ value of 217.7 ${\mu}g/ml$. Moreover, the EtOAc fraction contained 77.7% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 43.1% of 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity at 0.1 mg/ml. In addition, the methanol and EtOAc fraction dose-dependently inhibited thrombin-stimulated platelet adhesion to collagen or fibrinogen. Collectively, these results suggest that the polyphenol-rich EtOAc fraction from A. continentalis Kitagawa can reduce platelet hyperactivation by scavenging free radicals. Thus, the EtOAc fraction of A. continentalis Kitagawa is a potential source for inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 1999

We have isolated an antithrombin active polysaccharide in red ginseng by procedures comprising three major steps involving alkaline extraction, anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. Active polysaccharide behaved as a single band on cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. The average molecular mass was estimated to be about 177 kDa by gel filtration. This polysaccharide was found to be an acidic heteropolysaccharide that contains uronic acid moiety $(40.2\%)$, sulfate group $(9.2\%)$ and protein $(1.5\%)$ in addition to neutral sugar consisted of rhamnose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, glucose, fucose and xylose in a molar ratio of 1.00 : 0.88 : 0.86 : 0.78: 0.70 : 0.33 : 0.22. This polysaccharide inhibited blood coagulation via the intrinsic pathway like heparin in a dose-dependent manner. The clotting of fibrinogen by thrombin was also mitigated by the presence of this polysaccharide.