• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1608-1618
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• 2005

The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the degradation products of the dye component extracted from madder dyed fabrics using the GC-MS analysis and to evaluate the change of color due to degradation treatment. Four different degradation protocols were used in this study,; refrigeration at $7^{\circ}C$ (LT), room temperature (RT), oven treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ (OV), and $H_2O_2/UV(PER)$ method. Degradation times for each thermal system were 6 hour, 24 hour, 48 hour, 1 week, 2 week, 4 week. Alizarin was detected from the control and degraded samples of both alizarin dyed and madder dyed fabrics. Benzoic acid, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, phthalic anhydride were detected as the degradation products for both alizarin dyed and madder dyed fabrics. The result suggest that these products can be used as the fingerprints of GC-MS analysis for the identification of madder dye in archaeological textiles. Both alizarin dyed and madder dyed samples became less red and less yellow after degradation. In the PER degradation system madder dyed sample showed the greatest color difference even after 1 week of degradation treatment. Further research is necessary for investigating the color change in the exhumed textiles, which is caused by the dual action of dye fading and the staining of organic matters in the soil.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2000

난류상태로 유동중인 고분자 수용액은 순수 용매만의 경우에 비교할 때 동일유량에서 초기에 높은 마찰 저항감소효과를 보이며, 이러한 마찰저항감소효과는 펌프의 펌핑능력 증대로 큰 경제적 이익을 가져다준다. 그러나, 고분자 수용액은 그 극적인 마찰저항감소효과에도 불구하고 유동중에 가해지는 기계적 에너지, 열에너지 등에 의해서 초기의 높은 마찰저항감소효과를 점차적으로 상실하게 되기 때문에, 고분자 수용액의 퇴화를 완화시키기위한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기계적 퇴화특성이 비교적 강한 합성고분자와 계면활성제의 농도합계를 100wpm 으로 고정하고 비율을 11가지로 세분화하여 , 1$0^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 유속 1.5m/sec , 3.0m/sec 및 4.5m/sec 에 대한 퇴화경향을 알아보는 실험을 수행하였으며, 각 조건에서 합성고분자와 계면활성제의 적정비율을 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 각 속도에서 시간에 따른 퇴화경향은 고속에서 기계적 에너지에 대한 퇴화를 볼 수 있었고, 계면활성제와 합성고분자를 혼합하여 첨가했을 경우 저온에서도 퇴화완화효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.6 s.165
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• pp.859-868
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• 2007

Degradation products of the dye extracted from turmeric and the turmeric dyed textiles were examined by using GC-MS after 100 oven (OV) and $H_2O_2/UV/O_2$(PER) treatments for up to 28 days. Throughout the OV degradation times, 2-propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- was found consistently, while isovanillin, and vanillic acid were newly detected. In 28 day PER degradation sample, feruloylmethane, 2-propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, benzoic acid, and vanillic acid were detected as well as isovanillin. Feruloylrnethane, and 2-propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- were detected from the degraded fabric samples. With the absence of curcuminoids in the GC-MS result, the decreasing pattern of 2-propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydrokyphenyl)- reflect the degradation of curcuminoids in turmeric extraction with the progression of OV degradation times. It is suggested that isovanillin, feruloylmethane, 2-propenoic acid,3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, and vanillic acid are the probable fingerprint products for determining the turmeric dye from the badly faded archaeological textiles.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2019.07a
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• pp.441-442
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• 2019

최근 ESS 배터리의 화재로 이를 사전에 방지할 수 있는 알고리즘의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 배터리 퇴화 실험 결과 프로파일에서 특성을 보여 퇴화 factor로 선정한 배터리 내부 저항, 방전 용량을 입력으로 하여 이를 Fuzzy Logic으로 구현하여 배터리의 퇴화 상태를 추정한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.2002-2010
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• 2009

The degradation behavior of berberine is examined using GC-MS to select the fingerprint products that can be used to identify berberine dye in badly faded archaeological textiles. A total of $100^{\circ}C$ thermal and $H_2O_2/UV/O_2$ degradation systems were used to degrade berberine chloride 0.1% solution up to 408 hours. The samples were analyzed using the GC-MS. Dihydroberberine, 2-pteridinamine, 6,7-dimethyl-N-[(trimethylsilyl) oxy]-, and 8-methoxy-11-[3-methylbutyl]-11H-indolo[3,2-c]-quinoline, 5-oxide were detected as the major products of thermal degradation and identified as the fingerprint products for berberine dye at the early stage of degradation. Isobenzofuran-1,3-dione,4,5-dimethoxy-, 9H-fluorene,3,6-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-,1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5(6H)-one,7,8-dihydro-, and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole were detected as the major products generated by the $H_2O_2/UV/O_2$ degradation and identified as the fingerprint products for berberine dye under severe degradation conditions.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1998

Degradation of polymer additives is enhanced at higher temperature of the test solutions. The degradation of Co-polymer solution was investigated experimentally in a closed loop at the temperature of 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 8$0^{\circ}C$ with various polymer concentrations of 100, 200, 400, 600 ppm in order to see the effect of temperature and polymer concentration with time. The degradation effect were found to be more dependent on temperature than mechanical shear. The friction factor versus Reynolds number curves show that in the range of Reynolds number number 50,000~150,000 the friction was decreased as Reynolds number increased and the friction of solution at low temperature approached to Virk's maximum drag reduction asymptote. For constant flowrates and temperatures the degradation effect was found to be less likely in higher polymer concentration. For constant flowrates and polymer concentrations the degradation rates are affected mainly by temperature. At the temperature of 8$0^{\circ}C$ and polymer concentration of 100 ppm, drag reduction effect was disappeared after 4 hours. However, this thermal degradation could be avoided with additional materials such as surfactants which are supposed to enhance the bonding forces between polymer molecules.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2016

The spiropyran is a typical material having photodegradation properties in the process of photochromism. The spiropyran has been utilized in various applications such as optical switch, optical memories, and biosensor because of its remarkable stability, fast responsive time, stronger color change, and photo-induced controllability. However, the spriropyran is photodegraded by the repetitive optical irradiation. The photodegradation of spiropyran have been investigated by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Raman spectroscopy. Herein, the properties of spiropyran were characterized by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the terahertz frequency region. In terahertz region, the measured absorbance of spiropyran was increased due to the photodegradation induced by the repetitive UV irradiation. The absorbance tendency of spiropyran in the terahertz frequency region was compared with that in the visible region, and they were completely opposite to each other.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.313-322
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• 2015

A mixture distribution of a discrete uniform or degenerated distribution and two binomial distribution is proposed and a method of obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters is provided. For the proposed model simulation studies were conducted to see performance of the maximum likelihood estimates and a mixture of a degenerated distribution and two binomial distributions was applied to fit a lecture evaluation data to show a good result.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.533-541
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• 1995

The leakage characteristics of electrical conductivity, inorganic constituents-K, Ca, Mg and Na, total sugar and total amino acid from the exudates of some vegetable seeds of viable and non-viable(artificially aged) were quantified to get basic information about the detection of the non-viable seeds. The crops studied were radish, cabbage, broccoli, onion and carrot. The time course electrolyte leakage was different from viable and non-viable seed of cruciferae but not sensitive in onion and carrot seed In inorganic constituents, potassium leakage was the greatest amount and difference between viable and non-viable seeds, but Ca, Mg and Na leakages were not as much differences as potassium. Total sugar as glucose and total amino acid as glycin leaked a lot more in aged radish, cabbage and broccoli seed than non-aged seed and the large differences were appeared after 4 hour imbibition. As a results, in general the leakages from the aged seeds were greater than from the non-aged seeds in most components tested but they were varied depending on species or varieties and components.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2000

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle growth, and inhibits the follicle atresia in the immature rodent ovaries. The present study was carried out to know the histological changes of ovarian follicles after FSH treatment in the prepubertal mice. Ten i.u. of recombinant FSH was i.p. injected on 3 weeks old mice. After the treatment, at 1, 2 and 3 days, left ovaries were collected for the histological study. The atretic ratio of preantral follicles increased with time after FSH treatment. However, in the case of antral follicles, there was no significant change in the ratio. The degenerating follicles contained apoptotic granulosa cells, macrophage, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the follicular cavity. The present results suggest that follicular degeneration caused by FSH hyperstimulation could be mediated by apoptosis as well as the acute inflammation.