• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1992

Germinability, electrophoretic variation of protein of shattered seeds during overwintering and characteristic of main agronomic traits of off-type rice plant occurring in paddy field harvested by combine were investigated. Germinability of shattered seed decreased as time goes in paddy field in both Japonica and Tongil type varieties. Electrophoretic protein bands become more and more light as time goes. Occurrence of off-type rice plant was higher in Japonica varieties than in Tongil type varieties. Off-type rice plant was shorter in plant height, leaf length, tiller number per hill, internode length, panicle length and spike let number per panicle. Germinability of seeds of off-type rice plant as not significantly different compared to the control variety. Yield of off-type plants of Japonica varieties was on average 5.1kg / 10a and that of Tongil type varieties was on average 0.9kg /10a. Mixing ratio to the control variety was about 0.7% in Japonica varieties and that of Tongil type varieties was about 0.1%.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.19
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• pp.95-123
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• 2002

There has been a change in the South Korean policy towards the North which in turn changed the news frame of television broadcasters in South Korea. We did an empirical analysis of how this changed news frame influence the audiences' perception of North Korea and Unification. An experimental design was carried out in order to test the response of the audiences to different news frame. The results show that the respondents' perception towards North Korea were changed when exposed to a specific type of new frame. This confirms the existing knowledge on how news frame influence the perception of TV viewers. This research can serve as background information when making decisions to how the South Korean news media should report North Korea and Unification related news stories.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.33-47
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• 2001

This paper is to examine the decision-making process and various institutional engagements for the relocation of the German capital to Berlin and to identify its geographical implications. Germany had faced many difficult problems in the way of the national reunification, but achieved it peacefully. Just after the unification, the new location of the capital(Bundeshauptstadt) for the united Germany between the authentic capital 'Berlin' and the real democratic capital 'Bonn' was intensely discussed in the parliament as well as in public. Finally Berlin was chosen for the new location by the decision of the parliament and during the ten years after the decision, the German government tried to prepare all the requirements for the capital relocation. The physical relocation of the capital came to an end with the move of both the parliament and the administration to Berlin in september of 1999. However, its political, economic, and socio-psychological impacts still remain strong and are likely to continue. This relocation could symbolize the national identity building through the real integration between East Berlin and West Berlin as well as between East Germany and West Germany. It is, furthermore, closely related to the geo-political and geo-economic roles of Germany in a new European constellation in the post-Cold War era.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.580-599
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• 2013

After the unification of Three Kingdoms, Silla Dynasty had been on the prosperity with continuous population growth during approximately 120 years. However, Unified Silla Dynasty experienced 11 times of famine and bad year by frequent droughts during 50 years since the late 8th century, and these caused to political, economic and social changes. It is evident that Silla Dynasty slowly declined by the droughts and famines, although ancient records described as still on glory days. Since then, national power of Unified Silla Dynasty was abruptly weakened by migration of residents, and 9 times of rebellion or revolt occurred during 50 years in the late 9th century. As a result, political and social agitations reached the maximum. These led to the collapse of the Unified Silla Dynasty, and King Gyeongsoon handed over the dynasty to King Wanggeon, a founder of Goryeo Dynasty. These resulted from the 500-year-cycle droughts and human activities that seriously devastated the vegetations by using trees as an energy source for hundreds of thousands people during several centuries. The devastation of vegetation destroyed farm lands and led to large changes in river and groundwater systems, and eventually, increased damages by droughts.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 1988

To clarify the varietal differences of resistance to complete flooding, physiological characteristics in relation to flooding resistance in each growth stage of rice plants, the present study was carried out. The rate of survival after flooding at seeding stage of rice plants of the cultivar 'FR 13A' and Ind. X Jap. cultivars were 91.8% and 33.8% to 40%, respectively, while the Japonica varieties were completely dead. The tolerant varieties which has higher rate of survival showed the higher $O_2$ release, the higher catalase activity and lower peroxidase activity according to flooding treatment. Japonica type varieties showed the higher elongation of plant during flooding, lower recovery of flooding damage and the abrupt decrease of yield according to the increase of flooding periods in comparision to Ind. X Jap. crossed varieties when they were flooded at the active tillering stage. When rice plants were flooded at the booting stage, Ind. X Jap. crossed varieties had the higher photosynthesis, respiratory rate, root oxidizing power, ethylene evolution and lower yield reduction in comparision to japonica varieties.varieties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1979

Intra-hill variances and coefficients of variance of culm and panicle length were increased while the avrage culm and panicle lenghts were decreased in the plot of the more planting numbers of seedlings per hill in paddy rice. The cumulative frequency of shorter culm than average lenght showed great differences between different planting numbers of seedling per hill. Verietal response of intra-hill culm and panicle length variation to different planting numbers of seedling per hill was not same and non-application of nitrogen fartilizer induced length under the more planting numbers of seedlings per hill.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.1 s.18
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• pp.33-39
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• 1974

For the investigations on the mechanism of blast disease resistance in the rice variety 'Toilg-il', Ihe chemical contents such as silicate, nitrogen and flavonoid in the leaf blades of tile variety were determined as compared to moderately susceptible variety 'Pung-kwang' A correlation between disease severity of rice blast and the chemical contents in the variety 'Pung-kwang' were also studied. The results showed that silicate and flavonoid contents were decreased inversely with application of nitrogen fertilizer, and negative correlation between silicate and flavonoid contents and disease severity in the field were observed. In the resistant variety 'Tong-il', these chemical contents and silicified cells were significantly higher than in the variety 'Pung-kwang' From these results, it seemed that the high contents of silicate and flavonoid in the leaf blades were related closely to the resistance of the variety 'Tong-il'.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.13
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• pp.207-221
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• 2000

In this era of changing system, we may learn lesson from newly developed Uniform Electronic Transation Act(UETA) in 1999. Korea has its counterpart as the Basic Electronic Transaction Act and Electronic Signature Act made by 1999. While UETA stresses on transaction law between individuals, that of Korean stresses on the role of government in electronic transaction. Both laws have the common definitions as electronic record, electronic signature, however, UETA has its own definitions such as automated transaction, computer program, electronic agent, information, information processing system, and security procedure. Especially, transferable record in section 16 is one of the most unique concept which Korean law does not provide. Korean government is planning to introduce electronic note in the near future, which will make unprecedented reform in Korean financial industry. Since Korean law does not have such a concept as electronic note, revision of the law is expected soon. Korean law has its specialty which puts stress on cyber mall, authentication agency, and consumer protection. In U.S., the interpretation of law by court is important when they have disputes according to common law traditon. Studies on cases on disputes in U.S. is needed most for Korean application.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.40
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• pp.357-386
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• 2007

At present, thirteen Buddhist bells of Unified Silla are known to the world: Six in Korea, five in Japan and two other bells, and three out of them are impossible to make out its original form. Therefore, we divided the form of Unified Silla Buddhist bells based on the ten other bells, and we tried out to prove the manufacturing technology by the comparison of the research material of Uncheon-dong bell and existing research materials of other bells, in other to find their linkage based on the alloy elemental composition. We divided Unified Silla Buddhist bell into two types: Type I has symmetric apsaras and regular patterns on its face and it was made in early Silla period; type II has asymmetric apsaras and irregular pattern arrangement and made in late Silla period. In particular, Uncheon-dong Buddhist bells is very similar to Komyoji[光明寺] temple bell from ninth century in Japan. It is peculiar that the apsaras on Uncheon-dong bell play vertical music instruments that are never seen in Unified Silla Buddhist bell. Most of Unified Silla Buddhist bell are compounded with Cu-Sn or Cu-Sn-Pb system. From eighth and ninth century, bells were cast with even composition of copper, tin and lead, and the bronze alloy ratio was similar to the record in Gogonggi[考工記], Jurye[周禮], a book from ancient China. Particularly, Uncheon-dong bell is in a rare case of Cu-Sn-Pb-As system. As had been rarely used in Unified Silla Buddhist bells, so we presented the relative research materials. As has the same nature as Pb. Because As easily volatilize at high temperature, it is hard to use. But it has its merit of solidity and durability. Pb enhances fluidity and thereby expresses the patterns more distinct; As makes the bell stronger. The result of lead isotope ratio could not exactly reveal a concrete producing center. However, over the analysis of our samples, hereby we suggest Uncheon-dong bell was made of materials from just one ore deposit.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.3-36
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• 1993

1990년대 중반기간(中盤期間)은 남한(南韓) 내부(內部)의 경제선진화(經濟先進化)와 정치(政治) 사회(社會)의 지속적(持續的) 발전여부(發展與否)가 판가름되는 중요한 시기이며, 민족(民族) 전체적(全體的)으로는 남북한간(南北韓間) 민족공동체(民族共同體)의 형성(形成)과 통일(統一)의 실현(實現) 가능성(可能性)이 결정되는 중요한 시기(時期)가 될 것이다. 따라서 민족경제공동체(民族經濟共同體) 형성(形成)을 위한 남한(南韓)의 확고한 대북한(對北韓) 경제정책(經濟政策) 수립(樹立)은 물론 남북한간(南北韓間)의 경제관계(經濟關係) 또한 단기적(短期的) 상업적(商業的) 이익(利益)보다는 장기적(長期的) 관점(觀點)에서 "통일한국(統一韓國)"의 국제경쟁력(國際競爭力)을 제고하고 통일민족(統一民族)의 경제적(經濟的) 복리(福利)를 극대화(極大化)하는 것이어야 한다. 본고(本稿)에서는 최근(最近) 북한(北韓)의 대서방(對西方) 외자유치노력(外資誘致努力) 및 무역확대정책(貿易擴大政策) 등 개방화(開放化) 정책(政策)의 현황(現況)과 문제점(問題點)을 검토한 후, 향후 "남북기본합의서(南北基本合意書)"의 내용(內容)이 구체적(具體的)으로 실현되고, 특히 남북한간(南北韓間) 직교역(直交易)이 정착될 경우 남북한간(南北韓間) 교역확대(交易擴大)와 합작투자(合作投資)를 비롯한 경협(經協)이 급전전될 것으로 예상되므로 남북한(南北韓)의 대(對)OECD 무역자료(貿易資料) 분석(分析)을 통혜 얻은 현시비교우위지수(顯示比較優位指數)(RCA)와 무역특화지수(貿易特化指數)(TSC)를 이용, 남북한간(南北韓間) 교역(交易) 및 경협(經協) 확대(擴大) 발전(發展)의 일환으로서 남북한간(南北韓間) 교역가능품목(交易可能品目) 및 경협유망분야(經協有望分野)를 선정 제시하였다.