• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to develop a theme-based integrated teaching/learning plan in clothing, food, and housing in home economics and to apply the developed process in classes for evaluation in order to identify the suitability in schools. The theme-based integrated teaching/learning plan developed on the basis of textbooks consist four sub-themes; choosing($1^{st}$ and $2^{nd)$ lessons), using($3^{rd}$ lesson), processing ($4^{th}$ lesson), and alternatives($5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ lessons) under the main theme of 'green family life'. The results from 20 individual and group activities showed that the students actively solved the problems when the presented cases were related to their own lives or experiences. The opportunity to implement green life through activities motivated students' willingness to proceed in real life. However, it is vital to assist integrated thinking through various examples before beginning due to students with difficulties connecting the issue from one area to the other during the problem-focused activity. The students' ability to solve the activity workbook had been improved as the lessons continued. From the survey questions on the theme-based integrated lessons, all items associated with integration of clothing, foods, and housing were positively responded. Also, questions regarding general understanding, suitability and satisfaction on the teaching/learning process were marked positive. The conclusion could be that the integrated theme related to clothing, food, and housing in our life would be appropriate for green family life. The theme-based integrated teaching/learning plan is effective in understanding the occurrence of green family life in relation with clothing, food, and housing, identifying the practical ideas implementing green life in those areas, and improving the integrated ability to solve the green life related problems. However, this research has its weakness in generalizing the results due to its limited survey respondents and post-evaluation being the only assessment conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1406-1413
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• 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of ethanolic extracts of Morus alba L. branch (ME). In the reverse mutation test, Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1357, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA were used to estimate the mutagenic potential of ME. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered ME at levels of 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg for the single-dose toxicity test and 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/d for the repeated-dose toxicity test for 28 consecutive days. As expected, reverse mutation was not detected at any concentration of ME, regardless of application of the metabolic activation system with or without S9 mix. In the single-dose toxicity test, ME caused neither significant visible signs of toxicity nor mortality in rats, and $LD_{50}$ was estimated to be over 5,000 mg/kg. In the repeated-dose toxicity test, ME administration at 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg for 28 days to male or female rats did not result in mortality. Similarly, no toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in body weight, food intake, or organ weights were noted. Several hematological and biochemical parameters in both genders showed significant differences, but these were within normal ranges. These results support the safe use of ME.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of scatter correction on the assessment of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function by gated Tc-99m myocardial SPECT. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 11 normal volunteers, 20 patients with non-cardiac chest pain and 13 patients with coronary artery diseases. We classified above 3 groups into normal and diseased groups. Scatter correction was done using dual-energy-window scatter correction method (DEW-SC). We compared acquired counts, image contrast, corrected maximum relative counts, indices of left ventricular function, extent and severity of perfusion defects calculated by 'CEqual program' between scatter non-corrected and corrected images. Results: Scatter corrected studios was lower in counts by $18{\pm}3%$ than uncorrected studies, but image contrast were improved in all cases. Scatter correction using DEW-SC took 3 minutes to complete, and 512 kB memory to store. There were no significant differences among indices of left ventricular function between scatter non-corrected and corrected images. Although extents of perfusion defects were not significantly different, severity was severer in scatter corrected images. Conclusion: Scatter correction using DEW-SC is simple to do, and improves image contrast without changing other indices of myocardial perfusion and function.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2009

Yield monitoring is one of a precision agriculture technology that is used most widely. It is spatial variability analysis of yield information that should be attained with yield monitoring system development. This experiment was conducted to evaluate spatial variability of yield and grain moisture content in rice paddy field, and their relationships to rice productivity. It is necessary to minimize sampling interval for accurate yield map making or to control cutting width of rice combine. Considering small rice plots such as $0.2{\sim}0.4$ ha, optimum size of sampling plot was below 15 m more than 5 m in with and length. In variable rate treatment field, average yield was similar, but yield variation was reduced than conventional field. Gap of yield by another plot in same field was bigger than half of average yield than yield variation was significantly big. Therefore yield measuring flow sensor must be able to measure at least 300 kg/10a more than 1000 kg/10a. Variation of moisture content in same field was not big and spatial dependance did not appear greatly. But, variation between different field is appeared difference according to weather circumstance before harvesting. Change of spatial dependence of yield was not big, because of field variation of moisture content is not big.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.307-317
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the vitrification method for cryopreservation technique of bovine in vitro fertilization(IVF) embryos. The morphological appearance and viability following vitrification of IVF bovine blastocysts and expanded blastocysts were examined. Embryos obtained 6, 7, 8 or 9 days after IVF were vitrified in both 40% ethylene glycoI(EG) plus 0.3M trehalose and 20% polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) in DPBS(ETP, Exp. 1) and ETP solution added 0.375M dextrose (ETPD, Exp. 2). The viability of Days 6, 7, 8 and 9 vitrified /thawed embryos at 24∼48 h culture after thawing was 11.9%, 19.8%, 23.4% and 15.3% in ETP(Exp. 1), and 34.6%, 54.5%, 37.9% and 13.0% in ETPD(Exp. 2), respectively. The viability of vitrified embryos produced from the culture days after IVF did not differ in Exp. 1, but significantly differ in Exp. 2(P＜0.05). The viability of blastocysts and expanded blastocysts significantly differed(P＜0.05) in 15.2% and 23.3%(Exp. 1), and 25.0% and 45.8%(Exp. 2). The result of Exp. 1 was similar to that of Exp. 2 on the viability of embryo according to developmental stages, but ETP solution plus sugar(dextrose) was increased the viability of vitrified embryos. In Experiment 3, The viability of vitrified embryos was not different between 12% and 20% PVP concentrations in ETP solution according to culture days or developmental stages. To investigate the effect of addition of sugar, two type of carbohydrates and a mixture of cryoprotectants for vitrification on the survival of bovine IVF embryos, bovine Days 7 to 9 blastocysts and expanded blastocysts were cryopreserved in either 20% glycerol plus 20% EG, 0.375M sucrose and 0.375M dextrose (GESD, Exp. 4) or 20% glycerol plus 20% EG, 0.3M trehalose and 20% PVP(GETP, Exp. 5) in DPBS. Survival rates of Day 7, 8 and 9 embryos at 24∼48h culture after thawing were 71.4%, 94.6% and 40.5% in GESD, and 59.5%, 81.5% and 62.5% in GETP, respectively. Hatching rates of Day 7, 8 and 9 embryos after thawing were 28.6%, 35.1% and 16.2% in GESD, and 27.0%, 33.3% and 18.8% in GETP, respectively. These results indicates that a mixture of cryoprotectants(glycerol and EG) and addition of sugar can improve the survival rates of the bovine IVF embryos(Day 7 or 8) vitrified, and the expanded blastocyst embryos are more suitable for vitrification than early blastocysts stage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1999

This study was carried out to obtain some information on the sustainability of paddy rice through the long-term variation of nitrogen use efficiency. The experiment was conducted during 30-year with the same amount of N, P, K and compost at Milyang, southern part of Korea. The results were as follows. Grain yield was increased significantly in the plots of compost incorporation only. However, yield productivity was decreased slightly in the plots with nil and unbalanced fertilization. The effects of rice straw compost on grain yield was not clear at the early crop years but was shown slightly at the late period of the experimental. The grain yield in the plots of compost incorporation at 30th crop year was come to about 80% of NPK plots. The amount of nitrogen uptaken by rice plant was the highest as $167kg\;ha^{-1}$ in NPK plus compost incorporation. Recovery efficiency)($RE_N$) was higher as 0.48~0.74 in compost incorporation plots than in other plots of balanced and unbalanced application. Average agronomic efficiency($AE-N$) and partial factor productivity from N fertilizer applied($PFP_N$) during 30 crop years in NPK plots was 12.8 kg/kg N and 37.7 kg/kg N, respectively, and difference of $AE-N$ and $PFP_N$ shown as indigenous soil nitrogen supply(INS) was higher as 28.4 kg/kg N in NPK + compost plot than NPK plot and was widened at the late period of experiment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.579-585
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate liquid pig manure (LPM) application rates on the growth characteristics, yield, and feed value of whole crop barley in Yeongsangang and Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Electronic conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), and available phosphate (Av. $P_2O_5$) increased in chemical properties of Yeongsangang and Saemangeum soil as raising LPM application level. As increasing LPM application level, exchangeable $Na^+$ significantly increased in Yeongsangang, while exchangeable $K^+$ significantly increased in Saemangeum. Plant height was not significantly different from LPM 100% to LPM 200% in Yeongsangang and in Saemangeum. Dry matter yield of whole crop barley increased steadily, but crop yield of LPM 200% in Yeongsangang ($10.5ton\;ha^{-1}$) was as much as that of LPM 150% ($10.0ton\;ha^{-1}$). Yield of LPM 200% ($11.2ton\;ha^{-1}$) in Saemangeum was similar to that of LPM 150% ($10.5ton\;ha^{-1}$). Crude protein (CP) increased depending on LPM application level, but total digestible nutrients (TDN) increased regardless of LPM application level. LPM 200% was the highest in TDN yield (Yeongsangang: $7.4ton\;ha^{-1}$, Saemangeum: $6.9ton\;ha^{-1}$), but there was no statistical difference between LPM 150% (Yeongsangang: $6.9ton\;ha^{-1}$, Saemangeum: $6.6ton\;ha^{-1}$) and LPM 200%. From the results described above, optimum rate of LPM for cultivating whole crop barley is considered 100% in Yeongsangang reclaimed tidal land and 150% in Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land, showing that the effect of LPM application is better in Segmentation than that in Yeongsangang for yield of whole crop barley.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.674-677
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• 2003

Staple closure of bronchial stump was compared with manual suture closure among 100 cases of pneumonectomy during the recent 5-year period, We have reviewed the incidence of bronchpleural fistula between autosutured group and manual sutured group. Material and Method: During the recent 5-year period, 100 patients underwent pneumonectomy at Hanyang University Hospital. Staple closure of bronchial stump was performed in 65 patients and manual suture in 35 patients. There were 55 males and 10 females in the autosutured group, and 26 males and 9 females in manual sutured group, which showed no significant statistical difference between the two groups. The mean ages of patients for autosutured group and manual sutured group were 56.7$\pm$10.3 years and 61.4$\pm$9.2 years, respectively, which showed no significant statistical difference between the two groups. There were 38 cases of left pneumonectomy and 27 cases of right pneumonectomy in autosutured group, and 22 cases of left pneumonectomy and 13 cases of right pneumonectomy in manual sutured group. There were 53 cases of malignancy and 12 cases of benign imflammatory disease in autosutured group, and 27 cases of malignancy and 7 cases of benign imflammatory disease in manual sutured group. Result: The incidence of bronchopleural fistula was 6.1％ in autosutured group and 5.7％ in manual sutured group. The incidence of other postoperative complication between the two groups showed no significant statistical difference. Conclusion: The incidence of bronchopleural fistula between autosutured group and manual sutured group was not different stastically. Both method for closure of bronchial stump can be performed in pneumonectomy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal adaptation of a ceramic-pressed-to-metal restoration with traditional metal-ceramic restoration. Materials and methods: Duplicating the prepared resin tooth, 20 metal dies were fabricated. Twenty metal copings of 2 groups which were metal ceramic restoration and pressed to metal restoration were fabricated. The marginal opening of each coping was measured with Microscope (BX 60M-36E $41D^{(R)}$: Olympus, Japan). After porcelain build-up, the marginal opening of metal ceramic restoration and pressed to metal restoration ($PoM^{(R)}$: Ivoclar vivadent., Liechtenstein) were also evaluated in the same method. The measurements were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Within the limits of this study, the results were as follows. 1. Metal-ceramic restorations in coping state ($64.93{\pm}12.48\;{\mu}m$) in compared with Metal ceramic restorations after porcelain build-up ($63.43{\pm}12.86\;{\mu}m$) had no significant difference in marginal adaptation. 2. Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations in coping state ($50.00{\pm}12.28\;{\mu}m$) in compared with Pressed metal ceramic restorations after porcelain build-up ($56.72{\pm}13.80\;{\mu}m$) had no significant difference in marginal adaptation. 3. Metal-ceramic restorations in compared Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations had no significant difference in marginal adaptation. Conclusion: Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations have the advantage of being technically less change through using of the lost-wax technique and this allows for the convenience of a full-contour ceramic wax-up as opposed to the more technique-sensitive layering method. Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations may be considered in clinic on the basis of the result of this study and the advantage of this system.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress among conventional methacrylate-based composite resins and a silorane-based composite resin. Materials and Methods: The strain gauge method was used for the determination of polymerization shrinkage strain. Specimens were divided by 3 groups according to various composite materials. Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) and Filtek P-60 (3M ESPE) were used as a conventional methacrylate-based composites and Filtek P-90 (3M ESPE) was used as a silorane-based composites. Measurements were recorded at each 1 second for the total of 800 seconds including the periods of light application. The results of polymerization shrinkage stress were statistically analyzed using One way ANOVA and Tukey test (p = 0.05). Results: The polymerization shrinkage stress of a silorane-based composite resin was lower than those of conventional methacrylate-based composite resins (p < 0.05). The shrinkage stress between methacrylate-based composite resin groups did not show significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, silorane-based composites showed lower polymerization shrinkage stress than methacrylate-based composites. We need to investigate more into polymerization shrinkage stress with regard to elastic modulus of silorane-based composites for the precise result.