• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.255-266
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• 2000

생물권보전지역으로 지정된 점봉산의 온대낙엽수림(참나무 성숙림)에서 임상초본식물의 공간분포를 정량화하고, 이들의 공간분포에 미치는 미소환경요인의 영향을 파악하였다. 대부분의 임상초본식물들은 영구 방형구내 미소지소간에 큰 변이를 나타내었다. 초봄에 출현하는 임상초본식물중 공간의존도가 높은 식물은 현호색, 애기나리 및 노랑제비꽃이었고, 가을에 출현하는 임상초본식물중 공간의존도가 높은 식물은 벌깨덩굴, 쌀새 및 도라지모시대이었다. 초봄에 출현하는 홀아비바람꽃과 얼레지 그리고 가을에 출현하는 도라지모시대와 쌀새의 공간의존거리가 상대적으로 짧은 편이었다. 초봄에 출현하는 노랑제비꽃, 애기나리 및 얼레지는 관목이 적고, 낙엽층이 얇으며,토심이 깊고, 토양수분함량, 유기물함량 및 염기성양이온함량이 상대적으로 적은 생육지를 선호하였고, 애기앉은부채 와 현호색은 관목이 밀집하고, 낙엽층이 두꺼우며, 토심이 얇고, 유기물함량, 토양수분함량 및 영양염류함량이 높은 생육지를 선호하였다. 오리방풀은 빛조건이 좋고, 낙엽층이 두꺼우며, 토양수분함량과 영양염류가 풍부한 생육지를 선호하였고, 단풍취, 대사초, 개별꽃, 참취, 쌀새 및 도라지모시대는 토심이 깊고, 낙엽층이 얇으며, 토양수분함량과 영양염류함량이 상대적으로 적은 생육지를 선호하였다. 본 참나무 성숙림에서 토양수분함량, 유기물함량 및 영양염류함량은 바람, 미소지형 및 관목의 밀집정도에 의해 공간적으로 재배치되는 낙엽층 두께에 의해 영향을 받고 있기 때문에 초봄과 가을에 관찰되는 임상초본식물의 공간분포는 낙엽층의 불균등한 분포에 의해 가장 큰 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1109-1117
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• 2020

In this study, results of RUSLE which is most popular equation for estimating sediment and MSDPM and LADMP have been compared and analyzed by applying to real watershed of mountain area. Crop factor (C), preservation factor (P), and soil erosion factor (VM) of RUSLE can be subjectively selected and differently applied. Therefore, effects of those factors were estimated and compared with different values of factors. Furthermore, sediment yield has been estimated by MSDPM and LADMP according to 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, and 200 year return period. From the results, it was found that sediment yield can be resulted with 400% diffrence. And it was also found that MSDPM and LADMP can be applied in mountain area of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2013

The species of Corydalis cornupetala Y.H.Kim et J.H.Jeong Which is belong to the Corydaliaceae is only distributed at the Gyaejeong Forest in Gyeongsan. As one of the spring ephemeral plants, this species has limited growing period. The present study is on site characteristics and vegetation structure in the wild habitats of Corydalis cornupetala Y.H.Kim et J.H.Jeong and offers basic information on habitat conservation including recovery plan. The soil texture is silty loam and soil acidity is ranged as pH 5.4~5.9. The electric conductivity was 0.22-0.50 ds/m and soil organic content is ranged as 7.61~15.78 %. Fifty nine vascular plants were identified from 5 quadrats. According to the two way cluster analysis applied by the PC-ORD, the community was classified as Acer ginnala, Vicia amoena and Stellaria aquatica. The habitat of Corydalis cornupetala Y.H.Kim et J.H.Jeong was determined by the dissimilarity indices rather than the species number of appearance. Species diversity was 1.26, and dominance and evenness were found to be 0.08 and 0.92, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.893-902
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to survey structures and growth conditions of Pinus densiflora village groves, and to establish management strategies for their desirable growth and conservation. Twelve village groves were selected in western Gangwon province for the study. The age of the study groves ranged from 50 to 200 years. Average dbh (diameter at breast height) and density of trees for each study grove were 27~52cm and 0.5~9.3 trees/$100m^2$, respectively. Soil environments were favorable to Pinus densiflora growth in the majority of the study groves, but 2 study groves with sandy soils showed considerably poor nutrient contents. Low tree vitality was found in some of the study groves due to poor conditions of root growth from soil fill and trampling. There were detachment of cambial tissue and damage of stem cavity at 6 study groves, which were caused by artificial injury, careless pruning, and frost damage. Light disease damage by Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii and phomopsis blight were found at 6 study groves. Light pest damage by Thecodiplosis japonensis was also found at 6 study groves, but the pest damage at 2 study groves was relatively considerable. Thus, major factors limiting normal growth of Pinus densiflora village groves were infertility, soil fill and trampling, stem damage, and disease and pest. Desirable management strategies were explored to solve growth-related problems and to conserve the study groves. The management strategies included fertilization of organic matter and lime, removal of soil fill, soil plowing and graveling, wood-trail installation or woodchip mulching, supply of wood fences and protective frames, surgical operation for damaged stems, vitality enhancement, and trunk injection to improve growth environments or control stem damage and disease/pest.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the early growth of revegetation plants by microorganisms in slope of forest road in Jinju area. The results were summarized as follows; The chemical properties of forest soil were changed by microorganisms. Soil pH, organic mater content, concentrations of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations and CEC in treated plot were increased more than those of controlled plot in the surface soil. It showed that the availability of nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus was increased by an application of microorganisms in the soil. The coverage rates showed statistically significant differences between plots (p<0.05). The germination rates of woody plants were better in treated plot than in controlled plot. The results indicate that the application of microorganisms would be significantly contributed for the early growth of revegetation plants on slope of forest road.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.447-453
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• 2009

Vegetation distribution and soil salinity were surveyed on the conservation plot in the Daeho reclaimed tidal land, in where the plants species distribution was more various than a periodically inundated tidal flat and the early stage of reclamation. According to the soil salinity where the vegetation patches were occurred, the mono patches of Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima, and Suaeda glauca were distributed in the average range of 31.05 dS/m in soil salinity, the mixed patches of them were distributed in the average range of 42.75 dS/m. Therefore, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima, and Suaeda glauca showed strong salt tolerance. The mono patches of Aster tripolium, Sonchus brachyotus, and Scirpus planiculm were distributed in the range of 11.73 dS/m in soil salinity, and the mixed patches were distributed in the average range of 9.43 dS/m. Therefore Aster tripolium, Sonchus brachyotus, and Scirpus planiculmis showed moderate salt tolerance. The mono patches of Imperata cylindrica, Trifolium pratense, Miscanthus sinensis, Setaria viridis, and Trisetum bifidum were distributed in the range of 2.42 dS/m in soil salinity. These species showed characteristics of glycophytes with weak salt tolerance. The distribution of vegetation patches was influenced by the soil salinity as pioneer halophytes patches occurred at higher soil salinity zone than facultative halophytes patches, glycophytes patches occurred at lower soil salinity zone than facultative halophytes. These results suggested that occurrence of plant species and plant distribution type might be useful index to evaluate the soil salinity and desalinization in the reclaimed land of the midwest coastal area of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 2000

In order to obtain the reference data to be used as an vegetation index for degree of desalinization, vegetation successions were surveyed and soil chemical characteristics were analyzed at the naturally maintained plot in Dae-Ho reclaimed land. Seven Groups $(A\;{\sim}\;G\;group)$ were classified as major vegetation; A group (Suaeda asparagoides MAKINO etc.), B group ( Aster tripolium L. etc.), C group (Stearia viridis L. BEAUV), D group ( Phragmites longivalvis STEUD), E group (Limonium tettagonum THUMB A. A. BULLOCK), F group (Trifolium repens L.), G group (Zoysia sinca HANCE etc.). As desalinization process proceeded, the wild vegetation changed in order of $A\;{\to}\;B\;group$, $D\;{\to}\;C\;group$, $E\;{\to}\;F$, G group. Soil texture of the naturally maintained plot was silt loam and soil fertility was very low compared with agricultural cultivated soil. Soil pH ranged from 7.0 to 8.0. Electrical conductivity (ECe) was below 10 and $20\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ at top and subsoil, respectively, except the plot where A group were growing. Resulting from SAR and ECe, The plot where A group was growing was saline-sodic soil and the others were saline soil. The relation between vegetation sucession and soil desalinization showed that vegation appeared under $10\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of ECe and 15 of SAR except A group.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 1997

In order to monitor the content of heavy metals of soil and vegetable in the plastic film house, five hundred and twenty two soil, and 147 vegetable samples grown under plastic film house were collected for the analysis of heavy metals. The average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in surface soil were 0.208, 3.69, 2.49, 23.3 and 0.65mg/kg, respectively. Cu and Zn contents of the soil were higher than those values measured for upland soils in 1989, however, these contents were lower than "Countermeasure values" (Cd:4, Cu:125, Pb:300, and As:15mg/kg in soil) for soil contamination indicators described in Soil Environmental Conservation Act of Korea(1996). The contents of Cd, Cu and Zn increased with increasing years of cultivation. The contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soils received pig manure compost were higher than those received the poultry or barn yard manure compost. The average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in fresh vegetable plants ranged from 0.015 to 0.047, 0.341 to 0.802, 0.080 to 0.356, 1.08 to 8.04 and 0.021 to 0.059mg/kg, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.566-574
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• 2010

This study was carried out for the purpose of understanding the situation of the urban forest and presenting basic data bases for a proper management plan through the analysis of forest vegetation and soil characteristics. In three representative urban forests of Deajeon, we analyzed the differences of vegetation and soil properties in each geological location. The indices of ecological health such as Species Diversity and Maximum Species Diversity are increasing in the order of Namseon Park, Wolpyung Park and Mt. Bomun; the first is in the center of the city, the second is well-conserved inner-city park and the third is in the border of the city. In the soil analysis of Namseon Park where human disturbance is strong, the surface fuel bed was very thin just 0.5cm and the soil was harder than the other two urban forests, the soil hardness was $0.5{\sim}3.7kg/cm^2$. All three urban forests showed low $pH_{1:5}$ under 5.0 except Robinia pseudo-acasia association of Wolpyung and low exchangeable cation level. These results say that the urban forests of Deajeon have been being acidified severely and the eluviation of exchangeable cation is proceeding. The organic matter and the available phosphate level was lower than the average level of Korean forest. It means that nutrition supply is not sufficient. In Daejeon urban forests, the management plan of urban forest is necessary according to the analysis result of vegetation and soil.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

Soil ecology has important roles in global ecosystems. However, soil ecological quality information is being ignored when assessing ecological impact of construction actions. And methods for classifying and assessing soil ecological quality have been very little established in comparison to those for animal and plant ecosystems. In this study, it was examined whether soil ecological quality information has influence on determining an eco-friendly route for a road construction project. For this, sensitivity analysis was systematically performed by varying the relative significance (weights) of soil ecological quality information among natural environmental and ecological factors. When the weight of soil ecological quality was greater than just 14%, the soil ecological quality information significantly influenced the determination of the eco-friendly routes for a specific road construction project. This demonstrates that soil ecological quality information has to be considered for more reliable environmental impact assessment, and also supports the validity of use of soil ecological quality information and its mapping technique in planning and siting of eco-friendly construction projects.