• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 1998

This study was focused on finding out the potential problems associated with organic farming system. The effect of composted animal manures subsequent inoculation of microbes on growth and yield of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Minicarol') were examined to develop a proper organic farming practice. Plant heights were greater in composted manure treatment than in conventional practice, whereas widths of leaves were higher in conventional field. Chlorophyll contents between various amount of composted manure application were gradually decreased and showed no significant differences after 45 days of planting. The yield in the treatment applied 12 ton of composted animal manure per 10a as pre-planting fertilizer and following microbial inoculation were only 50-60% compared to that of conventional farming. However, yield increased up to 80% when additional composts were applied to the treatment received 6 ton of composted animal manure per 10a in the middle of cultivation. Microbial inoculation followed by composted manure application induced rapid decrease of nitrogen content in soil. However, the density of microorganisms was significantly increased. Tomatoes produced through organic farming were clear in color, Further, soluble solid and acid content were increased. The highest level of acid and solids were observed in the treatment applied 12 ton of digested swine manure per 10a. Although nitrogen content including ammonium and nitrate rapidly increased after application of composts, these were significantly reduced approximately 4-5 weeks after planting. The level of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium showed gradual decrease compared to nitrogen.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth and yield responses of hydroponically grown tomato as affected by the different substrates using perlite and mixtures with perlite. Substrates used in this experiment were perlite (fine and coarse granule), peatmoss, rice hull and carbonized rice hull. The results obtained were as follows ; The best results in terms of total fruit yield and average fruit weight obtained in the single treatment of perlite, followed by perlite mixture with rice hull and carbonized rice hull. Leaf area was also higher in the plots of perlite mixture and optimum mixing ratio of perlite, peatmoss and carbonized rice hull was determined as 5:3:2 by volume. The more the rice hull was added to the mixed substrates, the less in fruit production was observed. However, adding perlite to other substrates brought higher fruit yield. Single treatment of rice hull showed the lowest fruit yield but enhanced in soluble solids contents over 6.0 $^{\circ}$Brix at each cluster.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 1995

This study was conducted to establish the nondestructive nutrient diagnosis method for nitrogen in tomato leaf using SCDS(specific color difference sensor). NFT(nutrient film technique) system was used in this experiment and nitrogen concentrations treated in nutrient solution were 0, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 600ppm. As nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution was increased from 0ppm to 150ppm, the stomatal resistance of tomato leaf was decreased abruptly, the $CO_2$ assimilation rate was increased but there was no big difference in the range of 100-500ppm. As the SCDS value of tomato leaf was increased, the $CO_2$ assimilation rate was increased linearly but the total average fruit weight and marketable yield were increased quadratically. The $CO_2$ assimilation rate was largely increased in the 0-3% range of leaf nitrogen content, but photosynthetic saturation was shown in 3.3-3.5%. The leaf nitrogen content was closely related to SCDS value of tomato leaf. Considering physiological activity, growth and yield of tomato, the optimum ranges of leaf nitrogen content were found to be 3.0-3.8% and the SCDS values equivalent for those ranges were 40.0-52.2.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2009

Waste nutrient solution (WNS) that composed of nutrient solution of horticultural research institute in Japan and used for culture tomato in perlite hydroponics showed $1.9{\sim}2.4$ dS/m of EC and $5.5{\sim}7.1$ of pH. Although $NH_{4}^+$-N concentration of WNS decreased remarkably, the others did not change significantly as compared with supplied solution. The growth characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were increased as amount of compost was increased in 1 L WNS supply treatment. But there was not any regular tendency on growth characteristics in 2 L/plant WNS supply treatment. The chlorophyll content of tomato leaf was highest in I L/plant WNS supply and 4,000 kg/10a compost treatment. The fresh and dry weight, and yield of tomato fruit also increased with increase of amount of WNS and compost, and they were highest in 1 L WNS supply and 4,000 kg/10a compost treatment. The sugar content of tomato fruits was not influenced by amount of WNS and compost, fructose and glucose and total sugar was highest in 2 L/plant WNS supply and 2,000 kg/10a compost treatment. Therefore fertigation culture used WNS is environmentally friendly and can guarantee yield and quality of tomato fruits and growth of tomato plants.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.574-579
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• 2010

Waste nutrient solution (WNS) that was the drained nutrient solution of Horticultural Research Institute of Japan for culture tomato in perlite hydroponics showed $1.9-2.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of EC and 5.7-7.1 pH from April to July. Although ${NH_4}^+-N$ concentration of WNS decreased remarkably, the other nutrients did not change significantly, as compared with supplied solution. There were no significant differences in plant height, stem diameter, and the other growth characteristics of tomato plants grown by 2 fertigation nutrient solutions; BHF (Bountiful Harvest Fertilizer, 10% of N, 13% of $PO_4$, 13% of K, 0.05% of B, 0.05% of Zn, and 0.0023% of Cu that made in Korea) and Megasol (11% of N, 8% of $PO_4$, 34% of K, 0.032% of Mn, 0.002% of B, 0.048% of Fe, 0.0122% of Zn, and 0.0023% of Cu that made in Belgium.); however, the chlorophyll content of tomato leaf was highest in WNS. The fresh and dry weight of tomato plants were higher in 3 fertigation treatments than irrigation of tap water, while there were no significant differences in fresh and dry weight among the 3 fertigation treatments. The mineral content of tomato leaf also did not show any differences among the 3 fertigation treatments and any regular tendency in all minerals. Total yield, fruit weight and fruit numbers of tomato were higher in WNS, followed by Megasol, BHF and control, although there were not any difference among the 3 fertigation nutrient solution treatments. BER(blossom-end rot)of tomato fruits decreased in fertigation treatments, especially, fruits grown in WNS and BHF showed lower BER. However, the transpiration rate of leaf was higher in control, followed by BHF, WNS and Megasol, The fruit size and soluble solids content was higher in 3 fertigation nutrient treatments than control. These results suggest that WNS can be used for fertigation solution in tomato because yield and quality of tomato fruit grown in WNS fertigation treatment were similar to those in 2 fertigation nutrient solutions treatments(BHF, Megasol).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.206-210
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• 2006

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2007

Effects of deficit irrigation by different soil moisture-based water potential on the reduction of green shoulder fruits in fresh tomato were investigated. Deficit irrigation with -30 kPa treatment significantly reduced green shoulder fruit by 53.7% compared to the -15 kPa treatment. The total concentrations of potassium in levels of whole fruit was not different between normal red fruit (NRF) and green shoulder fruit (GSF). However, the concentrations of potassium in distal part of GSF lower than that of a basal part of GSF Total soluble sugar contents in NRF and GSF were increased during the maturation periods. Contents of starch in NRF and distal part of GSF were decreased during the maturation periods. However, contents of starch in basal part of GSF was not change during the maturation periods. Activity of sucrose phosphate synthase was higher in NRF than that of GSF. Activity of acid invertase in NRF and GSF decreased rapidly during the maturation periods. Activity of acid invertase was significantly different in distal and basal part of GSF. Total activities of peroxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase in NRF were higher than that of GSF.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 1984

In order to evaluate the applicability of two kinds of antibiotic fermentation residues on rice and tomato growth, yield, yield components, and some indicators for plant growing status were checked including analysis of physico-chemical properties of these two antibiotic fermentation residues. The results obtained are as follows: 1) These two antibiotic fermentation residues contain high organic matter ($21.6{\sim}24.2%$), phosphorus ($2900{\sim}4600 ppm$) and exchangeable cations ($55.4{\sim}138.3 meq/100 g$,), showing their pH values of $7.0{\sim}8.0$ range. 2) Both have developed net positive charge rather high and stiffly that exhibits high negative ion adsorption capacities, accordingly showing higher zero point of charges($pH 7.0{\sim}8.0$) than those of common soils. 3) The effect of the two kinds of antibiotic fermentation residues on rice growth was more or less the same comparable to the effect of the other fertilizers applied, showing the maximum yield at the application rate of 40 ㎏/10a. 4) The effect of these antibiotic fermentation residues on tomato growth was also similar to effects on rice plant showing the yield increment upon fertilizer application including two antibiotic fermentation residues but no significant differences among fertilizers. 5) According to the plant growing status, plant height, dry matter, number of effective tillers and grain number per panicle of rice and plant height and fresh weight of plant of tomato showed similar trend with yield of both plants.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the effect of night temperature on the productivity, growth, and fruit characteristics of tomatoes and set the optimal night air temperature. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Superdoterang and cv. Rapito) were grown at 5, 10, 15, and $20^{\circ}C$ during night time and ventilation temperature point during day time set $27^{\circ}C$. Depending on night air temperature, plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of each organ, leaf, stem, and root were changed. Condition of high night temperature resulted in promotion of tomatoes growth with high dry weight and fresh weight. However, the dry weight under night temperature $20^{\circ}C$ decreased, especially, in 'Superdoterang'. On changes of yield, 'Rapito' showed higher productivity than 'Superdoterang' and the highest productivity point for nigh temperature is $13.32^{\circ}C$ for 'Superdoterang' and $14.25^{\circ}C$ for 'Rapito'. Although the total yield decreased from the point, the daily productivity increased with increasing night temperature, the highest point for nigh temperature is $14.45^{\circ}C$ for 'Superdoterang' and $16.46^{\circ}C$ for 'Rapito'. High temperature deceased the fruit weight and increased total soluble solid content in fruits. It is concluded that the night air temperature changes productivity of tomato and the temperatures between productivity and growth velocity have differences depending on different cultivars. scores than the other beef jerky samples (p<0.05).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the growth of plug seedlings and yield of tomato affected by the concentration of triazole and the treatment time. The length and leaf area of tomato seed-lings were reduced by the application of triazole compared to control. Growth reduction of seedlings was greater by earlier application and higher concentration of triazole. The growth of tomato treated with hexaconazole were similar with control 4 weeks after sowing. The triazole treatment lowered the height of the first fruit set compared to control. However, triazole treatment did not affect the number of fruits and yield.