• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.631-640
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• 2021

Houttuynia cordata Thunberg has been studied for a variety of pharmacological actions in traditional oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of Houttuynia cordata ethanol extract (HCE) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) models induced by castration and testosterone propionate (TP) injection. Thirty rats were divided into six groups. One group was used as a normal control, and the other groups were castrated and had intraperitoneal injections of TP for 14 days to induce BPH. A positive control group was given daily doses of finasteride (5 mg/kg) to the BPH model. Rats administered HCE (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg) instead of finasteride were compared with controls as experimental groups. There was no statistical significance in terms of prostate weight based on 100 g of body weight. The concentrations of 5-α reductase and dehydroxytestosteronre (DHT) were determined via ELISA tests, and there was a significant decrease in all experimental groups. The 0.5 mg/kg HCE group had the lowest level of 5-α reductase, and the 2 mg/kg HCE group had the lowest level of DHT. In the histopathological observation of prostates, the control and the 2 mg/kg HCE groups had normal cell shapes and no swelling. However, in the negative control group and the 1 mg/kg HCE group, the cells were swollen, and the gap between the cells was narrowed. In particular, in the 0.5 mg/kg HCE group, some cells were bursting. Therefore, the administration of more than 2 mg/kg of HCE is suitable to protect against BPH.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1990

Clinical effects of intramuscular injection of 250mg testosterone cypionate every 2-3 weeks were investigated in 15 impotent patients with low or low normal serum testosterone level (Hypo-gonadotrophic hypogonadism was excluded). The results were obtained as follows. 1. Among 15 patients, 7(46.7%) showed markedly improved potency, 6(40%) partially improved potency and 2(13.7%) no improvement of potency. There was no correlation between effec-tiveness of testosterone replacement and age, testicular size, serum testosterone level or LH, FSH level. 2. Among 12 patients who had showed improved potency, 8(66.7%) complained of redeveloped decrease in potency during testosterone replacement. In conclusion, testosterone cypionate for treatment of the impotent patients with low or low normal serum testosterone level was effective, but further studies are necessary to investigate cause of redeveloped decrease in potency during testosterone replacement.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2004

Although the biological functions of metallothioneins (MTs) are still being investigated, they have been suggested to be involved in detoxification of heavy metals, scavenging of free radicals, and protection against alkylating agents. MTs have been reported to be induced in most of animal tissues by heavy metals such as zinc, copper, mercury and cadmium, and the proteins have binding affinities to the metals. However, the presence or induction of MTs was reported not to be clear in leydig cells, which produce testosterone for the maturation of spermatozoa in male testes. In this study, we investigated the inducibility of metallothionein isomers by cadmium in cultured mouse leydig cells. Total RNA was extracted from the near confluent grown leydig cells and RT-PCR was Performed using the Primers which were synthesized on the basis of MT-1, 2, 3 and 4 cDNA from GenBank database. As results, MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA were found to be expressed in cadmium non-treated control cells and MT 1 mRNA expression was dose-dependent when leydig cells were treated with cadmium chloride. But MT-3 which is known to be brain specific and MT-4 which is another isoform of metallothionein, were not expressed. Other genes induced or depressed in cadmium treated leydig cells were also identified by microarray techniques.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.806-812
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• 2015

Prostatic inflammation plays a crucial role on benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) pathogenesis and progression. In this study, BPH was induced by testosterone propinate in castrated rats for 8 weeks. Hot water extract from Curcuma longa L. (CL) was administered orally for 4 weeks along with positive controls, saw Palmetto and finasteride. CL supplementation induced histological changes, reduced expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, and phospo-p65 in prostate tissue compared with the BPH group. These findings suggest that suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines could be attributed, at least partly, to the anti-inflammatory action of C. longa, and this action may be helpful to understand the inhibitory effect of Curcuma longa L. in BPH.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2011

To monitor the reproductive patterns of endangered common chimpanzee including annual reproductive cycle, amenorrhea, breeding season, and pregnancy diagnosis, Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immuno Assay (TR-FIA) was used to trace MRH (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). In result of this research, age was not the important factor in determining the reproduction capability in common chimpanzee; it was rather greatly influenced by the combination of various factors such as individual's fertilizing ability, presence of obstetrical diseases, the pattern of mating behavior, and the mental communication under the introduction of a mating partner. This research will play an important role in operating conservation project for common chimpanzees and can be extended also for shedding new light on understanding human menopause and obstetrical diseases.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Lorelin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$ (Dongkook Pharm. Co., LTD) with Lucrin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$ (Abbott) by measuring serum testosterone level in rats. Leuprorelin (leuprolide acetate), which is an active compound for the two formulations, is an LHRH analogue that is used for the treatment of a wide range of sex hormone-related disorders including advanced prostatic cancer, endometriosis and precocious puberty. Lorelin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$ is a micro-encapsulated formulation to suppress testosterone level by releasing leuprorelin continuously for four weeks with a single subcutaneous injection. The comparison study of the efficacy was performed during four weeks, and serum testosterone levels were monitored in the two formulations. The mean serum testosterone levels from the formulations were decreased to that of the castrate range (50 ng/dL or less) after three days after the initial depot injection, and the concentration were remained throughout four weeks' period. There were no significant differences in the $AUC_{0-3day}$ of testosterone and testosterone levels at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days between the two formulations. These results indicate that the two formulations, Lorelin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$ and Lucrin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$, are bioequivalent in terms of the serum testosterone level in rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 1989

Estradiol (E)은 난소내 과립세포 (granulosa cell, GC)를 증가시키고 생식소 자극호르몬과 협동으로 배란을 유도한다. Androgen은 E의 작용과 반대의 작용을 나타내며 여포의 폐쇄요인으로 알려지고 있다. Testosterone(T)이 폐쇄여포의 여포액내 다량 존재하는 것이 알려짐에 따라 난소내에도 자가조절분비(autocrine)또는 paracrine regulation에 의해 작용을 나타낼 것으로 가정되어 난소내 여포가 폐쇄됨에 따라 그 수용체의 변화하는 양상을 조사하고져 하였다. 흰쥐의 과립세포의 세포질에는 $51.3{\pm}6.1$fmol/mg protein의 Estradiol 수용체(ER) ; $153.1{\pm}25.3$의 Testosterone수용체(TR) ; 또한 $35.1{\pm}8.1$의 Progesterone수용체(PR)가 존재하였다. 과립세포내 ER용 세포질내 E를 제거한 후에 정량이 가능하였고 또한 과립세포내에도 TR이 사람에서는 $23.4{\pm}7.2$ fmol/mg protein, 돼지는 $98.5{\pm}23.1$로 상당량 존재함을 관찰하였다. Dihydrotestosterone Enanthate(DHTE)를 100ug/흰쥐의 농도로 처리한 결과 난소내 TR의 농도는 변화가 없이 ER의 농도만 현저히 저하되고 쥐의 난소무게 역시 감소하는 것을 발견하였다. 위의 결과로 보아 난소내에도 스테로이드 호르몬은 autocrine(자가조절)방법으로 작용하며 An-drogen이 난소의 무게를 감소시키는 것은 ER의 수를 감소시켜 E의 작용이 억제되고 여포들이 폐쇄를 일으켜 그 증식이 저하된 때문으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.282-285
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• 2009

A 10-year-old Paint horse was presented with gradual changes in behavior, characterized as stallion-like including aggressiveness towards people and other horse. The abnormal right ovary was detected via transrectal ultrasonography and rectal palpation. A complete blood count and biochemical panel values were within reference ranges. The hormone analysis revealed increased testosterone 46.00 pg/mL and inhibin 0.856 ng/mL, and progesterone concentration consistent with absence of luteal tissue 1.2 ng/mL more than normal values. The purpose of the study reported was to describe a ovariectomy of enlarged ovary by using the diagonal paramedian approach. This method is useful to minimize surgical exposure and hemorrhage. This ovary was confirmed fibroma by histological examination post operation. Behavior problems and the hormone values were alleviated after surgery, and clinical signs of complication were not showed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2007

Many diseases occur by stress or effect of stress. The basis for using hormones in research of stress is the observation that most systems in the body show changes during stress and that hormonal markers in these changes are related with stress. Conceptually, the central role of sympathetic nervous system(SNS) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis activity in stress provides copious justification for measuring hormonal changes. Catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine, cortisol, testosterone and growth hormone and so on show sensitive reaction to stress. The major advantage of salivary sample to stress research is that its sampling technique can be performed in non-stressful conditions and without physical restraint and ethical problems. Because hormone levels in saliva is a good reflection of hormone levels in plasma, application of stress hormones in saliva is very useful for research of orofacial pain related with stress.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.482-487
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• 2014

This study is to investigate the effects of testosterone on adipogenesis and its molecular mechanism using RT-PCR analysis and transient transfection assays. Castrated(CAST) mice treated with testosterone had lower white adipose tissue weights and expression of adipocyte-specific genes($PPAR{\gamma}$ and aP2) than CAST control mice. Consistent with the in vivo data, testosterone treatment inhibited triglyceride accumulation and expression of adipocyte-specific genes($PPAR{\gamma}$ and aP2) in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells compared with control group. Testosterone-activated androgen receptor(AR) repressed the luciferase reporter gene activity induced by $PPAR{\gamma}$ transfection. Thus, these results suggest that testosterone downregulates the actions of $PPAR{\gamma}$ on adipogenesis through AR.