• Korean Security Journal
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• 제47호
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• pp.85-117
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• 2016

These days, ISIS terrorists have been expanding not only to european countries, but also to asian countries so South Korea is no longer safe from terrorists' attacks. Especially, 'soft target terrorism' makes many people maximizing fear of terrorism because it is caused by small groups - those who are armed with small arms and light weapons - and they are able to carry out hit and run attacks on civilian targets. It poses even more dangerous to kill massively. That is why November 2015 Paris attacks and January 2016 Jakarta attacks killed and injured many people because of 'soft target terrorism.' Therefore, the South Korea has also recognized the seriousness of terrorism by ISIS. The study has shown the precautionary measures about 'soft target terrorism' and how to defend against 'soft target terrorism' by looking through overseas examples. It is for the possibilities of 'soft terrorism' in South Korea because of the expansion of ISIS. As a result, 'soft target terrorism', caused by ISIS, could happen in South Korea. The counterplan is as in the following. First of all, 'soft target terrorism', which is collaborated with ISIS and domestic terrorists, could be caused by negative awareness of foreign residents and xenophobia so the public should change stereotypes about the foreign residents and there should be legislation about racial discrimination enacted by parliament and the government must practice the law. Second, the Korean anti-terrorism laws should be modified to minimize violations of human rights, related to the Korean citizens' personal information, and to stop the concentration of power into the hands of one law enforcement. Third, the government has to develop and to initiate the refuge&evacuation simulation, which prepares for 'soft target terrorism' and minimizes the damages if terrorists attack hot spots like central commercial areas or event halls.

• Korean Security Journal
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• 제61호
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• pp.235-254
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• 2019

This study identifies a factor structure regarding the criterion of terror awareness by using confirmatory factor analysis. The study provides information whether the criterion fits in the analysis of terror awareness in Korea or not. Data of 176 public officials working at the National Assembly collected in 「Study on the Improvement of Security in the National Assembly Building」(Choi O-Ho and others, 2016) was used in the analysis. Study results showed the fit statistics of 3 questions regarding concern in terror, 5 questions regarding cognition of terror occurrence, 3 questions regarding countermeasure of terror, and 3 questions regarding equipments against terror satisfied the standard. Also, standard regression coefficient exceeded the standard and was shown to be fit. Concern in terror, as a latent variable, was below the standard value of average variance extracted. However, focused validity was secured by obtaining other values fit. This study proceeded distinct validation test to supplement data. The test results showed that the criterion level was fit. Thus, further survey should include questions that are appropriate to measure the awareness of terror based not only on theories and previous studies but also on questions of terror awareness tested in this study. Such development in surveys will support the means of data measurement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 한국재난정보학회 2016년 정기학술대회
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• pp.299-301
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• 2016

현대 사회에서 테러는 국제적으로 매우 빈번하게 일어나고 있으며, 대한민국도 더 이상 테러의 안전지대가 아니라는 뉴스가 보도되고 있다. 하지만 우리에 테러의 인식에 따른 시각은 다소 편협하여 성별, 나이, 직위, 장소등 많은 부분에서 갈등을 갖으며, 또한 한반도는 남북한의 갈등으로 인한 특수성은 게릴라 전을 테러라고 인식하는 시각이 있다. 국내 특수성으로 인해 테러를 전쟁의 영역으로 보고 테러대응 전략은 국가 안보로 많이 치우쳐져 있다. 역사와 정치적으로 또한 테러는 이념대립으로 인한 전쟁으로 치우쳐 전쟁의 전략에 한 부분으로 인식 되어 왔다는 것이 사실이다.(Rumyana G., 2014) 이는 전쟁의 시각에서 테러를 잘 설명하고 있다. 한편, 테러의 개념은 시간이 지남에 따라 기존의 안보의 개념뿐 아니라 재난의 개념에서도 찾을 수 있다. "불평등한 사회에 대한 민중의 분노로 이해하여야 한다"고 스위스 진보적 사회학자 장 징글러(Jean Ziegler) 는 말하며 무고한 사람들을 타겟으로 한 정치적 목적을 이루기 위한 비합법적 무력 사용으로 보았다. 즉, 비합법적 무력사용으로 무고한 다중(Innocent people)에게 폭력을 행사한 것이다. 젠킨스와 라쿼르의 정의를 살펴보면 "테러리즘이란 폭력 혹은 폭력의 위협이다"라고 정하였다.(Jenkins 2004) 폭력이란 형법에서는 다른 사람에게 상해를 입히거나 협박하거나 하는 등의 행위와 함께 다른 사람을 감금하는 행위, 주거에 침입하는 행위, 기물의 파손 등에 대해서도 폭력이라 표현한다. 철학, 정치학 등의 학문에서는 다른 사람 또는 국가나 세력을 제압하는 힘을 일반적으로 지칭하기도 한다. 힘자랑이나 힘겨루기가 이에 속한다. 무력의 사용으로 사회에 심리적인 영향을 끼치며 사회적 파괴를 일으키는 것을 보편적 테러의 개념으로 볼 수 있다. 테러는 국가 통치 질서와 사회질서 안정에 큰 위협과 혼란을 초래하는 파괴행위의 무력행사로 국가의 재난 상황을 유발하는 인류가 만든 재난으로 볼 수 있다. 자연현상으로 발생하는 자연재해는 인류의 시점에서 재난으로 해석된다. 마찬가지로 사회현상으로 발생하는 폭력적 파괴행위에 대한 피해는 인류의 시점에서 재난의 현상으로 해석 되어야 한다. 과학기술이 발달하면서 첨단기술을 이용한 폭력행위와 파괴의 두려움은 정보통신 기술의 발달로 두려움의 전파 속도도 빨라 질 것이다. 따라서 테러행위의 극복을 위해서는 테러를 인적재난(Man-made Disaster)로 보고 재난의 범주로 포함하여 미래의 테러를 위한 대비전략을 수립해야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 학계의 학자들과 기관 및 민간 의 전문기관들에 따른 테러의 정의를 분석하고 재난정의를 고찰하여 시사점을 제시하고, 대테러 대비 전략의 방향에 기틀을 마련하고자 테러정의를 도출하였습니다.

• Korean Security Journal
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• 제13호
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• pp.507-528
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• 2007

June 2006, five korean oil workers, three who worked for Daewoo and two for Korea Gas, released after being held hostage by separatist militants in Nigeria. The kidnapping was happened in the Niger Delta where armed separatists are demanding a larger share in oil revenues and compensation for environmental destruction due to oil exploration. Seven months later, nine Korean pipeline workers of Daewoo together with a Nigerian were kidnapped again and safely released thanks to the efforts of the company and the Korean government. These two kidnapping incidents have shown that companies engaged in the overseas business are not safe any more from the terrorist attacks and has given an invaluable lesson that the company having an intention to go abroad for business should take all possible anti and counter-measures against terrorism. The main purpose of this study is to suggest a guideline for the establishment of counter-terrorism and security strategy against terrorist attacks on the private companies at the overseas. In order to foster a better understanding of the problem, a brief history of terrorism is presented in the first part. In addition, this study analyses and describes the variations of terrorist attacks against private companies together with the terrorism related environment of Korea. Based on the outcome of the study, this paper takes a global view and perspectives of terrorist attacks against private companies and suggests consideration for the future.

• Korean Security Journal
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• 제42호
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• pp.277-308
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• 2015

Recently the Japanese hostage crisis with Syria, the stake of the pilots IS of the terror group's affiliates like Kim incident occurred while urinarado IS not an exception anymore in connection with terrorism will not be able to do. In addition, particularly against terrorist groups worldwide, IS being a hero has been marginalized and wants uncritical drugs aimed at teens, such as dialog or game IS through SNS joined nationals as well as other countries, while recommending domestic complaints until the people power or luck, put the older brother can sign up for any terror group IS the terrorist group's terrorist acts while making the environment a national mark by foreigners or immigrants can be caused by the situation. Therefore, in this study, this IS serious for the terrorist acts of the terrorist group, IS due to the expansion of the domestic terrorist group caused the terror raids of about the dangers of foreign countries to review the case, and the incident has sought ways to prevent and respond to the rapporteur. The result IS due to the expansion of the domestic terrorist group caused the terror raids of the dangers of sex exists and that causes a response to the implements are as follows. First of all, IS brokering for the site of the terrorist group's approach to counter-terrorism Act will be a, and the next, each agency and terror for the information exchange and cooperation and serves as a reexamination of terror occurred through the quick and appropriate measures should be the language. Finally, the duties related to terrorism for teens, especially education and strengthen the safety program development and against terrorism should be carried out.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.273-285
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• 2011

This research present actual conditions on realization about safety of observable individual and country, terror countermeasure from danger of terrorism which special guards have. To achieve these purposes, 400 special guards were sampled using the convenience sampling method and collected data through questionnaire from self-administration method. the collected data are in statistics of p<.05 levels. As the result, we drew following conclusions. Special guards thought that terror might occur most in 'aircraft, rapid-transit railway, subway, and bus'. It was no difference in society demography(p>.05). In type of terror, 'bomb terror' seemed to happen most, and they recognized that biochemistry terror and factor terror, and hostage terror may happen in society demography. Purpose of terror was thought that 'political purpose' may be the biggest, and 'ideological purpose' and 'social purpose' joined the remainder. According to society demography, woman's realization about terror was higher than man in two low variables. According to age, image of terror was high in 40 more than 20. According to educational background, university graduate were higher than a high-school diploma in two low variables. According to place of work, metropolis was higher than small and medium-sized city.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 한국산학기술학회 2009년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.774-777
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• 2009

2001년 9 11 테러 이후 미국에서 탄저균을 이용한 생물테러가 발생한 이래 미국을 비롯한 여러 나라에서는 생물무기 및 생물테러에 대한 대응방안들이 준비되고 있다. 따라서 이런 대응방안과 더불어 생물무기를 쓰는 테러리스트의 행동과 위협에 대비를 할 필요가 있다. 생물테러 전염병은 치명률이 높고, 인간 상호간에 전염이 용이하며 치료하기가 어려우므로, 인명의 손실을 최소화하기 위해서는 보건의료기관 등에서 근무하는 보건의료인이 생물테러로 의심되는 병원체 및 전염병을 조기에 인지하는 것이 가장 중요하다. 따라서 보건분야 전문가들은 환자나 일반 대중, 그리고 다른 보건전문가들에게 생물무기와 생물테러에 의해 퍼질 가능성이 있는 질병들에 대해 신중하게 대응할 수 있는 방법들을 교육해야 한다. 질병이 발생했을 때 보건전문가들은 조사에 착수할 역학자들과 협조를 해야 하고, 임상 또는 연구소에 일하는 보건전문가들은 생물무기로 사용될 수 있는 병원체나 생물무기를 생산하는데 사용되는 시설에 접근하는 것을 제한하도록 도울 수 있다. 2005년 질병관리본부 생물테러대응팀에서는 의료인, 다중시설이용 근무자, 보건요원을 대상으로 생물테러 인식도를 조사한 바 있다. 조사결과, 의료인에 대한 생물테러 교육 및 교육훈련의 필요성에 대해 94.2%가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 이런 자료를 바탕으로 하여 국내에서도 생물테러교육의 필요성이 대두되기 시작하였다. 본 연구는 미국, 영국에서 진행되고 있는 생물테러 관련 교육에 대한 관련 자료와 사례를 문헌 분석을 통해 우리나라에 맞는 생물테러 교육에 대한 방향을 제시하고 문제중심학습모듈을 개발하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• Korean Security Journal
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• 제53호
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• pp.109-133
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide a general trends in recent terrorism in North America and Europe over the last five years. In particular the terrorism which occurred after 2012 shows the transition in trends as terrorists attacks civilians and public places(soft target) rather than targeting national facilities or specific people. For instance, the Parris terror attack and Barcelona vehicle attack shows this changes clearly. The terrorists appeared to attack ordinary people in urban places with high population density. Although the trends are changing, there are still few studies focusing on the current situation, and most of the previous studies have focused on changing in strategies and counter-terrorism in each country after the 9.11 terror. Meanwhile, studies examining the trends of terrorism have been limited to analyzing few cases or using relatively monolithic data of Global Terrorism Data(GTD). While the types of terrorism that occur recent years including 'new terrorism' in many respects, it seems to be difficult to classify with GTD data and/or case studies. Therefore, it is necessary to construct new data that perhaps grasp the recent trend of terrorism from different perspectives. In this point of view, this Based on this, this study collects terrorism data from North America and Europe for the past five years, by using the National Intelligence Service's annual report on terrorism as a sampling framework and analyse the trends and changes. The result shows similarities in the methods of attack, and the type of weapon they used. As vehicle attacks has been raised in few years, damage area has been widen and casualties also have been increased.

• Korean Security Journal
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• 제30호
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• pp.61-83
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• 2012

Al-Qaeda follower who planned to attacks the Pentagon and the Assembly by unmanned aircraft equipped with explosives was caught in the dictionary in September 2011. In addition, high-performance unmanned aerial vehicles in the United States 'sentinel' of the technology being leaked to Iran in late 2011 was an accident. Terrorist attacks on the forces used unmanned aircraft will be the day the not too distant. The purpose of this research is to provide response plans against acts of terrorism utilizing unmanned aircrafts to prevent large losses of lives such as the terrorist attacks of September 11. Discussing in detail, this research suggests revising and newly implementing the definition and categorization of unmanned aircrafts as well as relevant punishment in current aeronautics regulations as an initial response against acts of terrorism utilizing unmanned aircrafts. This is in order to newly implement and revise current relevant regulations that inadequately address the rapidly developing and changing unmanned aircrafts which will lead to increased sense of alarm for the potential terrorists, and also to introduce a systematic tool to punish those who commit such acts by clearly establishing the grounds for punishment. Also, under the binary operating system over airspace currently implemented globally, it is impossible to identify and control the infiltration of airspace by unmanned aircrafts. Recognizing such limitations, this research suggests a combined operation of airspace for unmanned and manned aircrafts as a second way of response for acts of terrorism utilizing unmanned aircrafts. A systematic integrated operation of airspace will appropriately control unmanned/ manned aircrafts that were not previously reported or otherwise have deviated from navigation routes, and will be able to prevent terrorism attempts utilizing aircrafts beforehand.

• Korean Security Journal
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• 제52호
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• pp.73-91
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• 2017

This study is based on the political and economic standpoint of each country, Use advanced equipment to prevent new terrorism from causing widespread damage, In order to establish a countermeasures against terrorism in accordance with the reality of Korea, which is effective in responding to terrorist attacks, Korea conducted a SWOT analysis of the terrorist environment and terrorist environment through specialists. First, internal strengths of Korea 's terrorist environment include stable security situation, weakness of religious and ethnic conflicts, strong regulation and control of firearms, and counter terrorism capabilities and know - how accumulated during major international events. Second, the internal weaknesses of the terrorist environment in Korea include the insecurity of the people, the instability caused by the military confrontation with North Korea, the absence of anti-terrorism law system, the difficulty of terrorism control and management by the development of the Internet and IT technology. Third, the external opportunities for Korea 's terrorist environment are as follows: ease of supplementation and learning through cases of foreign terrorism failure, ease of increase of terrorist budget and support with higher terrorism issues, strengthening of counterterrorism through military cooperation with allied nationsRespectively. Fourth, the external threats to the terrorist environment in Korea are the increase of social dissatisfaction due to the continuous influx of defectors and foreign workers, the goal of terrorism from international terrorist organizations through alliance with the United States,Increased frequency of incidents, and increased IS coverage of terrorism around the world. In addition, the SWOT in - depth interviews on the terrorist environment of the expert group were conducted to diagnose and analyze the problems, terrorism awareness and legal system in the Korean terror environment. The results of the study are summarized as follows.First, the basic law on terrorism should be enacted.Second, the establishment of an integrated anti-terrorism organization.Third, securing and nurturing specialized personnel in response to terrorism.