• Title/Summary/Keyword: 터널화재

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터널의 화재

  • 오해진
    • Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.99-102
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    • 1999
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A fundamental study on the jet fan capacity for smoke control considering thermal buoyancy force in tunnel fires (터널 화재 시 열부력을 고려한 제연용 제트팬 용량산정에 관한 기초 연구)

  • Lee, Ho-Hyung;Choi, Pan-Gyu;Jo, Jong-Bok;Lee, Seung-Chul;Lee, Chang-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.501-511
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    • 2018
  • As a result of the recent revision of the 'Guideline for Installation and Management of Fire Prevention Facility in Road Tunnels', the thermal buoyancy has to be taken into account when calculating the capacity of jet fans for smoke control in tunnel fires. However, there is no detailed methodologies for considering thermal buoyancy, so further study is needed. In this study, the thermal buoyancy in the tunnel is calculated by 3-D numerical simulation to consider the thermal buoyancy in case of fire in tunnels, and the relationship between heat buoyancy and vehicle drag, And the method of calculating the capacity of the jet fan for smoke control in tunnels. According to the analysis results, heat buoyancy acts as a resistance force in the case of a down-slope tunnel, and the pressure rise of jet fan for smoke control is not simply determined by the value of heat buoyancy at the entrance of the tunnel and the value of the vehicle drag at the exit. And it is analyzed that it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive review according to the location of the fire vehicle in tunnels.

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Longitudinal Ventilation on the Variation of Burning Rate in Tunnel Fires (터널 화재시 종류식 환기가 연소율 변화에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Yang Seung Shin;Kim Sung Chan;Ryou Hong Sun
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.15 no.1 s.54
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2005
  • In this study, the 1/20 reduced-scale experiments using Froude scaling were conducted to investigate the effect of longitudinal ventilation on the variation of burning rate in tunnel fires. The methanol square pool fires with heat release rate ranging from 3.57 kW to 10.95 kW were used. The burning rate of fuel was obtained by measured mass using load cell and temperature distribution were measured by K-type theomocouples in order to investigate smoke movement. The wind tunnel was connected with one side of the tested tunnel, and logitudinal ventilation velocity in the tested tunnel was controlled by power of the wind tunnel. In methanol fire case, the increase in ventilation velocity decreased the turning rate due to the direct cooling of fire plume. For the same dimensionless velocity(V), homing rate decreased as the size of pool fire increased.

A Study on the Delay Effect of Smoke Diffusion by the Installation Intervals and the Blockage Ratio of the Fire Smoke Diffusion Delay Device in a Great Depth Underground Double-Deck Tunnel (대심도 복층터널 화재연기 확산지연장치 설치간격 및 차폐율에 따른 화재연기 지연효과 연구)

  • Yang, Yongwon;Han, Jaehee;Lee, Yuntaek;Moon, Jungjoo;Shin, Taegyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.596-603
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    • 2018
  • The traffic congestion is frequently occurring due to increasing demand for vehicles and development of subcenter in roads of domestic-downtown. The design of a Great depth underground double-deck tunnel planned for construction as a solution however it's mainly for a compact-car. Its low height and small section cause causalities when fire occurs. From this study, the delay system for fire smoke diffusion is developed to minimize the occurrence of casualties when fire occurs in the Great depth underground double-deck tunnel and the CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) is used to find the optimal installation interval and the blockage ratio to maximize the system effects. The study analyzed the shorter the installation interval of the system, the higher the smoke delay effect but the efficiency-change tends to be slight above a certain distance and the larger the blockage ratio, the higher the effect but the efficiency-difference is slight according to installation interval.

Development of Railway Tunnel Fire Risk Assessment Program and its Application (철도터널 화재 위험도 평가 프로그램의 개발 및 적용사례)

  • Yoon, Sungwook;Park, Jong-heoun
    • Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2009
  • With the increase in construction of long railway tunnel, social interest in the railway tunnel fire risk has also increased. However, quantitative fire risk research on this topic is still lacking, especially in terms of consideration of uncertainty of each variables used in risk analysis. Hence, in this study, to improve the overall performance of fire risk analysis technique for railway tunnel, Monte-Carlo simulation method is added to the traditional probabilistic risk analysis based on event tree approach and its validity is investigated by applying it to the real railway tunnel project.

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A Study of Smoke Movement in Tunnel Fires (터널내에서 화재 발생시 연기 거동에 대한 연구)

  • 김상훈;김성찬;김충익;유홍선
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.21-32
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    • 2000
  • In this study, reduced-scale experiments as the alternative to a real-scale fire test were conducted to understand fire properties in tunnel, and their results were compared with those of numerical simulation. The 1/20 scale experiments were conducted under the Froude scaling since smoke movement in tunnel is governed by buoyancy farce. A numerical simulations were on performed 3D unstructured meshes with PISO algorithm and buoyant plume models. Results showed that data was in reasonable agreement with the numerical data of smoke velocity, temperature distribution, and clear height.

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The Change of Backlayer Length with the Ventilation Air Velocity in the Tunnel Fire (터널화재에서 환기속도와 backlayer의 길이변화)

  • 김성준;이민규
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.50-54
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    • 2003
  • The backlayer phenomena of smoke in the road tunnel is evaluated through numerical experiments. A commercial code, PHOENICS is used to simulate smoke flow in the road tunnel. The independent and dependent variables are ventilation air velocity and the length of backlayer of smoke respectively. Hybrid scheme and $textsc{k}-\varepsilon$ turbulence model is adopted in the simulation process and mass residual is used as a convergence criterion. The experimental results say that the length of backlayer is reduced linearly with the increase of ventilating air velocity and that there is a critical air velocity which prevents from the onset of backlayering phenomena. One finds that there is a fresh air region near the bottom of tunnel which could make the passenger escape from the region polluted by smoke. These phenomena come from the severe vertical stratification of the smoke air mixture in the tunnel.

An Investigation on Fire Resistance Design of Tunnel Structures (주요 터널화재 사고사례 분석 및 국내 터널구조물 내화설계법 고찰)

  • Han, Sang-Hoon;Kim, Min-Suk;Lee, Choul-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 2008.04a
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    • pp.341-344
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    • 2008
  • By investigating a series of catastrophic tunnel fires, this research aims to evaluate the fire resistance design method as applied to tunnel structures in Korea. It is shown that the current strategy is oriented towards smoke control and ventilation to reduce the loss of life. As structural collapse is not regarded, a general guide is proposed to obtain the fire safety.

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A Study on the Development of Model and Application Case of Water Screen Effect for Fire Behavior Simulation in Road Tunnel (도로터널 화재성상 시뮬레이션을 위한 워터스크린 효과 모델개발 및 적용사례)

  • Han, Jung-Chul;Kim, Se-Jong;Kim, Dong-Eun;Kurioka, Hitishi;Ootuki, Masato;Kwon, Young-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 2011.04a
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2011
  • 워터스크린(이하 W/S)에 의한 화재방화시스템은 도로터널에 화재가 발생시, 공간에 수막을 사용하여 구획화하고, 열 연기의 확산을 억제하며 유해 부유입자를 세정함으로서 인간의 안전을 확보 및 구조물의 피해를 극소화 하는 시스템이다. 이 W/S에 의한 구획의 성능을 평가하기 위해, 1/2의 터널 모형에 의한 공간 내 열 성장 파악을 위한 화재 실험을 분석하였고, 그 결과, 천정 근방 온도 및 방사수열량으로서는 발열 속도의 크기, 풍속의 대소에 의하지 않고 약 80%의 저감율을 나타냈다. 또, 발생한 유해 부유입자 농도에 대해서는 약 60%, 화원 성질과 상태로서 발열 속도는 약30%의 W/S에 의한 저감 효과를 나타내었다.

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Evaluation test of applicability of Compressed Air Foam fire extinguishing system for train fire at rescue station in Subsea tunnel (해저터널 구난역 열차화재시 압축공기포(Compressed Air Foam) 소화설비의 적용성 평가 실험)

  • Park, Byoung-Jik;Shin, Hyun-Jun;Yoo, Yong-Ho;Park, Jin-Ouk;Kim, Hwi-Seong
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.413-418
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    • 2016
  • Recently, a mega project such as Korea-China or Korea-Japan undersea tunnel project has been emerged for detail discussion and the interest in undersea tunnel is on the rise. More severe damage by train fire is expected in undersea tunnel comparing to ground tunnel and thus the study on more efficient fire extinguishing system, besides existing disaster prevention design is underway. To that end, a full-scale fire tests using CAF fire extinguishing system which has been developed by modifying traditional foam fire extinguishing system for fire suppression at rescue station in timely manner were conducted over 7 times. The test was conducted after setting the rescue station in virtual tunnel with a car of KTX. As a result of using compressed air foam directly to the fire source, 30 liter of Heptane combustibles was extinguished within 1 minutes. Applicability of compressed air foam to train fire at rescue station in undersea tunnel was has been proven and further study is considered required while changing the nozzle angle and location so as to achieve quick and easy extinguishing goal, making use of the advantage of CAF, as well as to reduce the fire water and chemicals required.