• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.113-117
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• 2022

In this study, the antibacterial and phagocytosis regulation effects of Hordeum vulgare extract and pine needle extract on S. mutans, the causative bacteria of dental caries, were investigated. Ethanol extracts of domestic Hordeum vulgare powder and pine needle powder were used, and the antibacterial and phagocytic ability against S. mutans was confirmed according to the concentration of the extracts. As a result, S. mutans colony formation did not show a significant difference in the Hordeum vulgare extract but was significantly decreased in the pine needle extract. As a result of confirming the phagocytic ability of THP-1 cells for S. mutans, there was no significant difference in the Hordeum vulgare extract, but the phagocytic ability of immune cells was improved in the pine needle extract. Therefore, it suggests that pine needle extract can be used as a material for preventing dental caries.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 1998

고양이 말초혈액 탐식세포(단핵구세포(MNC) 및 다형핵백혈구(PMNC))의 탐식능 에 있어서 인삼 saponin(ginseng total saponin(G75), ginseng PT saponin(GPT) 및 ginseng PD saponin(GPD))의 면역증강 효과를 flow cytometry를 이용하여 분석하였다. 인삼 ssponins을 직접 첨가하여 배양한 MNC 및 PMNC에서는 탐식중강 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 각각의 인삼 saponin을 첨가하여 배양한 PMNC 및 MNC 배양상충액의 존재하에 PMNC 및 MNC의 탐식능을 겅토한 결과, MNC의 탐식능은 Gff 첨가 PMNC 배양상충액과 GTS 및 GPT 첨가 MNC 배양상충액의 존재하에서 약간의 탐식증강 효과를 보였다. PMNC 탐식능의 경우에는 GPD 첨가 PMNC 배양상충액에서 미약한 탐식증강 효과가 나타났으나, 각각의 인 삼 saponin 첨가 MNC 배양상충액 존재하에서는 모두 현저한 탐식중강 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 고양이 말초혈액 탐식세포의 탐식증강 효과는 인삼 saponin의 직접적인 작용보다는 인삼 saponin에 의해 활성화된 단핵구세포에서 분비되는 가용성물질에 의해 단 핵구세포보다는 다형핵백혈구에서 현저하게 탐식효과가 증강되는 것으로 판단되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 1987

NADPH oxidase dependent superoxide generation and phagocytosis in neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan or heat aggregated IgG were coincided with the process of calcium uptake. The responses in activated neutrophils were enhanced with increasing concentrations of extracellular calcium and these effects were significantly inhibited by calcium chelators, EGTA and EDTA. The superoxide generation in activated neutrophils was reduced by dantrolene and chlorpromazine. Calcium antagonists, bepredil, diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine and nimodipine effectively inhibited the calcium uptake, superoxide generation and phagocytosis in activated neutrophils, and NADPH oxidase activity was also inhibited. The results suggest that calcium antagonists may inhibit the superoxide generation and phagocytosis in activted neurtophils by the inhibition of calcium influx and by the action on intracellular redistribution of calcium and NADPH oxidase system.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2004

The immunoenhancing effect of CLA isomers (CLA mixture, 10t-12c CLA, 9c-11c CLA, 9c-11c CLA, and 9t-11t CLA) on phagocytic activity of porcine peripheral blood leukocytes was examined. The phagocytic activities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were analyzed by a flow cytometry system. The direct treatments of CLA isomers have no effect on phagocytosis of PMN as well as PBMC composed of approximately 10% monocytes and 90% lymphocytes. However, the phagocytic activities of PMN and monocyterich fraction from PBMC were remarkably enhanced by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with CLA mixture, 10t-12c CLA and 9c-11t CLA but not 9c-11c CLA and 9t-11t CLA. The phagocytic activity of PBMC was not enhanced by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with all CLA isomers. These results indicated that CLA isomers such as CLA mixture, l0t -12c CLA and 9c-11t CLA have an enhancing effect on phagocytosis of PMN and monocytes, which may be mediated through active humoral substances produced by CLA-stimulated PBMC. This study suggested that CLA stimulates PBMC to elaborate soluble factor(s), which may be an important mechanism for the enhancement of phagocytosis in non-specific immunity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.84-90
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• 2005

Neutrophils that influx into the alveolar spaces from circulatory bloods play a important role in pathogenesis of acute lung injury. During the acute inflammatory phase, in order to investigate the acceleration of macrophage phagocytosis to the neutrophils is able to reduce the neutrophil-derived acute lung injury, endotoxemia was induced by insufflation of lipopolysaccharide intratracheally and organic germanium was injected intraperitoneally after endotoxin treatment. At 5 h after endotoxin treatment, lung weight and BAL protein concentration are significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to sham, and that was remarkedly decreased (p<0.001, p<0.01) by injection of germanium. In addition germanium treatment resulted to decreased the number of alveolar PMNs and to increase the percentage of engulfed neutrophils by alveolar macrophages. These observations indicate that organic germanium may have a role of reduction to neutrophil-derived acute lung injury in endotoxemia.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1999

The immunomodulatory effects of levamisole (LMS) were evaluated in leucocytes of eels in vitro. Proliferation of lymhocytes treated with T-cell mitogen (Con A or PHA) was markedly inhibited by LMS in a dose dependent manner. B cell mitogen (LPS), in contrast, slightly increased the proliferaion. On the other hand, production of MIF and MAF when treated with Con A was increased in a dose-dependent way. NK cell activities were somewhat increased when LMS was pretreated and this augmentation was due to an increase in binding capacity of effector-target cell, but not due to the target cell lytic activity of effector cells. Phagocytic activity, superoxide anion formation, hydrogen peroxide formation and lysozyme activity of leucocytes were enhanced by LMS in a dose related-manner. These results suggest that LMS might modulate the immmune responses by activation of cytokine production and by augmentation of leukocyte activity but not by increment of immunocompetent cell numbers.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fucoidan on the phagocytic capapcity and oxidative burst activity (OBA) of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). The phagocytic capacity and OBA of PMNs were evaluated simultaneously by using a flow cytometer. Fucoidan itself did not cause any direct effect on the phagocytic capacity and OBA of PMNs. However, the phagocytic capacity and OBA of PMNs were enhanced by the culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with fucoidan. The phagocytic capacity and OBA of PMNs were also increased by treatment with recombinant canine (rc) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$. The ability of the culture supernatant from fucoidan-treated PBMCs to stimulate the phagocytic capacity and OBA of PMNs was inhibited by addition of anti-rc TNF-${\alpha}$ polyclonal antibody (PAb) prior to the culture. The amount of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the culture supematant from PBMCs was shown to increase upon treatment of fucoidan as compared with that of vehicle-treated PBMCs culture supematant. The level of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression in PBMCs was also up-regulated by the fucoidan treatment. These results suggest that fucoidan has an immunoenhancing effect on the phagocytic capacity and OBA of canine PMNs, which is mainly mediated by TNF-${\alpha}$ released from fucoidan-stimulated PBMCs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.254-260
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• 1997

Effects of kimchi extracts on the immune response related to its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo were investigated. The extracts of kimchi fermented for 0(fresh) and 3 weeks at $5^{\circ}C$ showed a direct cytotoxic effect on sarcoma-180 cells, tumor cells in vitro. Methanol extract(4mg/ml), MSF(methanol soluble fraction : 3mg/ml) and hexane extract(fresh : 2.0mg/ml, 3 weeks : 0.3mg/ml) of the kimchi(3 weeks, $5^{\circ}C$) markedly decreased the total numbers of sarcoma-180 cells, but not their viability. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage of mice was significantly augmented by these extracts of the kimchi compared with that of control in vitro and in vivo. These extracts also raised the phagocytic index, indicating that the number of phagocytized microbes per macrophage increased. Thus, kimchi might show a anti-tumor activity by enhancing the phagocytic cell activities.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2000

The immunostimulatory effects of quaternary ammonium compounds(QACs) were investigated in leucocytes of eel(Anguilla japonica) in vitro. Proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) was no significantly affected by QACs, regardless of mitogen(PHA, ConA and LPS) and the concentration of QACs added. QACs heightened the leucocytes function such as respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis and pinocytosis, resulting in significantly increased the bactericidal activity of macrophages. These results suggested that QAC might modulate the immune responses by activation of leucocytes function but not by increment of immunocompetent cell numbers.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.2 s.77
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• pp.142-148
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• 1996

To find compounds of immunomodulating and anti-allergic function, effects of protein-bound polysaccharides extracted from Phellinus igniarius (PI), Fomitella fraxinea (FF) and Agrocybe cylindracea (AC) on hemagglutinin titer (HA), hemolysin titer (HY), plaque forming cell (PFC), rosette forming cell (RFC) and phagocytosis were investigated in BALB/C mice. The oral administration of the protein-bound polysaccharides of PI, FF and AC for 10 days resulted in the enhanced phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), spleen cells (SC) and blood lymphocyte cells (BLC). Moreover, PI showed the activating effect on the phagocytosis of PEC and AC in SC. In the experiment of PFC and RFC, the results of the experimental group which was given each samples as compared to the control group, showed the enhanced level of activity such as PI 130%, FF 90% and AC 70%. Generally, HY and HA showed from ten to hundred times of level in each sample groups, as compared to the control group.