• Title/Summary/Keyword: 탄소 배출

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Feasibility Study on Small-scale A/R CDM Pilot Project in Mongolia (몽골 소규모 A/R CDM 시범사업 타당성 평가연구)

  • Cha, Junhee;Park, DongKyun;Lee, Jong-Hak;YOUN, Yeo-Chang;Choi, Jun-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.100 no.4
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    • pp.698-707
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    • 2011
  • Over the past 10 years, South Korea has implemented various plantation projects including the Pine Restoration Project in Tujiin Nars and the desertification prevention forestation in Lun soum. This study has evaluated the implementation feasibility on the small-scale A/R CDM projects in Mongolia through which carbon emission credits can be secured. Characteristics, pros and cons, economic feasibility, and project execution feasibility were compared among three possible sites, Khyalganat, Tujiin Nars, and Lun soum. Among the three evaluated sites, Tujiin Nars has the better condition in tree growth, economic feasibility, and the applicability of experience than the other two sites. A/R CDM project in Mongolia, which has a great environmental benefit of combating desertification, is expected to have some effectiveness such as lowering costs from credit benefit, sustainable management by villagers, contribution to communities, investor's contribution to society and achievement of green image, and strengthening forestry cooperation between Korea and Mongolia.

Economic and Environmental Impact of the Bioplastics Industry: A Recursive Dynamic CGE Approach (바이오플라스틱산업의 경제적·환경적 파급효과: 축차동태 연산가능일반균형모형 적용)

  • Son, Wonik;Hong, Jong Ho
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.269-297
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    • 2021
  • Bioplastics are attracting attention as a substitute for conventional petroleum-based plastics because they are carbon neutral and can be biodegradable. This study estimated economic and environmental impact of regulating the petroleum-based plastics industry and fostering the bioplastics industry using a Recursive Dynamic CGE Model of the Korean Economy. Results show that the regulation of the conventional plastics industry exhibits a positive environmental impact by reducing greenhouse gases and plastic waste and a negative economic impact with a decrease in GDP. Meanwhile, fostering the bioplastics industry with regulation on conventional plastics industry has similar levels of greenhouse gas and waste reduction effects when there is only regulation on the conventional plastics industry. It is also shown that expanding the production of bioplastics industry offsets existing economic losses as a form of increased GDP. If petroleum-based plastics are replaced through the expansion of bioplastics production, it can contribute to the decoupling of greenhouse gas emissions and plastic waste from economic growth.

Analyses of Hover Lift Efficiency, Disc Loading and Required Battery Specific Energy for Various eVTOL Types (다양한 eVTOL 유형별 호버 효율, 회전판 하중 및 필요 배터리 비에너지 분석)

  • Kim, Dong-Hee;Jang, Han-Yong;Hwang, Ho-Yon
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.203-210
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    • 2021
  • In many metropolitan cities around the world, ground and underground transportation networks are saturated due to urbanization. In addition, regulations on carbon emissions to prevent global warming are becoming stricter, and eVTOL, which will be operating in complex cities, is gaining popularity as the next generation of eco-friendly transportation. In this study, the hover lift efficiency and disc loading of eVTOLs for each type were calculated by classifying eVTOLs into following types: multicopter, lift+cruise, and vectored thrust. In addition, using the aerodynamic analysis programs OpenVSP, Fluent and Javaprop, the specific battery energy required for the smooth operation of eVTOL, which will be realized in the near future, was calculated and analyzed base on reports published by Uber and airworthiness authorities of each country.

Applications of Enzyme Immobilized Membranes: A Review (효소 고정화막의 응용에 대한 총설)

  • Ryu, Junghyun;Patel, Rajkumar;Kim, Jong Hak
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.393-403
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    • 2021
  • Enzymes are important class of catalyst for biotransformation. Stability and reusability of enzymes during the catalysis process is a key issue. Activity of enzyme can be enhanced by its immobilization on a suitable substrate by creation of specific microenvironment. A variety of membranes has been used as substrate due to the biocompatibility and simpler method to tune hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity property of the membrane surface. In this review, polymer membranes including cellulose, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES) are introduced and discussed in detail. Biodegradation of organic contaminants by immobilized enzyme is an environmental friendly process to reduce the contamination of environment in pharmaceutical company and textile industries. The controlled hydrolysis of oil can be performed in enzyme immobilized membrane bioreactor (EMBR), resulting in reducing carbon emission and reduced environmental pollution. Bioethanol and biodiesel are considered alternative fossil fuels that can be prepared in EMBR.

Efficient Utilization of Public Bicycle Stations (공영자전거 스테이션의 효율적 활용 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Ki Jun;Jung, Hun Young
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 2022
  • Public bicycles are a representative eco-friendly transportation means that can reduce carbon emissions and play an important role in first/last mile mobility and that can be linked to public transportation in the future MaaS era. In 2008, Changwon City started operating donor bicycles for the first time in Korea. However, as the infrastructure of public bicycles has expanded without a theoretical basis for over 10 years, operating costs are increasing due to a decrease in operational efficiency, which makes it difficult to quantitatively expand the service. In this study, a method for calculating the number of stands suitable for the use of public bicycles was presented, and an efficiency index was developed to evaluate the efficiency of public bicycle infrastructure. The method presented in this study was found by examining the relationship between numbers of rentals and returns of public bicycles and the number of bicycle holders. It is expected that the results can be used by other local governments.

Impact of Transportation on Air Quality and Carbon Emissions in Developing Countries: A Case of Myanmar (개발도상국의 교통수단이 대기 질 및 탄소배출에 미치는 영향: 미얀마를 중심으로)

  • Wut Yee Lwin;Byoung-Jo Yoon
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.231-240
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze air quality and carbon emissions in developing countries, particularly Myanmar, and explore the impact of transportation on CO2 emissions during peak hours relative to free-flow conditions. Method: This study conducted a traffic survey in two major cities in Myanmar to quantify carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector, using IPCC's tier 1 and tier 2 approaches, with statistical analysis performed using Python 3 and Microsoft Excel for comparative analysis of critical factors in CO2 emissions. Result: The result of this study is an estimate of the vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) and fuel consumption in Yangon city for the year 2019, based on data from various sources including the Myanmar Statistical data base, YUTRA project survey, and Ministry of Electric and Energy. The study also analyzes the average travel time index (TTI) for the four roads in Yangon, which indicates the impact of congestion on vehicle travel time and CO2 emissions. Overall, the study provides important insights into the transport sector in Yangon city and can be used to inform policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving traffic conditions. Conclusion: The study concludes that congestion plays a significant role in increasing fuel use and emission levels in the road transport sector in Myanmar. The analysis provides valuable insights into the impact of the sector on the environment and emphasizes the importance of addressing congestion to reduce fuel use and emissions. However, the study's scope is limited to Yangon city and Mandalay city, and some mean values may not accurately represent the entire country and other developing countries.

Data Preprocessing Technique and Service Operation Architecture for Demand Forecasting of Electric Vehicle Charging Station (전기자동차 충전소 수요 예측 데이터 전처리 기법 및 서비스 운영 아키텍처)

  • Joongi Hong;Suntae Kim;Jeongah Kim
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2023
  • Globally, the eco-friendly industry is developing due to the climate crisis. Electric vehicles are an eco-friendly industry that is attracting attention as it is expected to reduce carbon emissions by 30~70% or more compared to internal combustion engine vehicles. As electric vehicles become more popular, charging stations have become an important factor for purchasing electric vehicles. Recent research is using artificial intelligence to identify local demand for charging stations and select locations that can maximize economic impact. In this study, in order to contribute to the improvement of the performance of the electric vehicle charging station demand prediction model, nationwide data that can be used in the artificial intelligence model was defined and a pre-processing technique was proposed. In addition, a preprocessor, artificial intelligence model, and service web were implemented for real charging station demand prediction, and the value of data as a location selection factor was verified.

Prediction of Damage Area due to Explosion of LNG-Hydrogen Mixed Gas (도시가스-수소 혼합가스의 누출사고 영향범위 분석)

  • Chan-sik, Yoon;Jin-du, Yang;Gil-soo, Na;Sung-Hyun, Im;Ki-young, Kim;Eun-ki, Choi
    • Explosives and Blasting
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2022
  • The government is promoting various policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for carbon neutrality, one of the key tasks is to revitalize the hydrogen economy. As one of these policies the government has formulated a plan to incorporate hydrogen into existing city gas pipes, and aims to commercialize 20% hydrogen mixing by 2026. In preparation for the commercialization of city gas and hydrogen mixture, this study quantitatively predicts the scale of damage and the range of impact in the event of leakage of these two gas mixtures. The quantitative damage prediction method is to calculate the damage conversion distance through the calculation of the TNT equivalent by setting the leakage amount of the gas mixture in the event of an accident under a virtual scenario.

Prediction of the Electric Vehicles Supply and Electricity Demand Using Growth Models (성장모형을 활용한 전기자동차 보급과 전력수요 예측)

  • Hyo Seung Han;Ilsoo Yun
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.132-144
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    • 2023
  • European and American countries are actively promoting eco-friendly cars to reduce exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines. In Korea, the "4th Basic Plan for Eco-Friendly Vehicles" aims to promote eco-friendly cars by improving charging infrastructure, expanding incentive systems, and targeting the supply of 1.13 million eco-friendly cars by 2025. As rapid growth in the number of electric vehicles sold is expected, estimates are required of this growth and corresponding power demands. In this study, the authors used a growth model to predict future growth in the electric vehicle market and a previously derived electricity generation model to estimate corresponding power demands up to 2036, the target year of the "10th Basic Plan for Power Supply and Demand". The results obtained provide useful basic research data for future electric vehicle infrastructure planning.

Distribution Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Nutrient in Effluent of Land-based Aquaculture Farms around Wando in Korea (하계 완도 주변 육상 양식장 배출수 중 유기탄소 및 영양염의 분포 특성)

  • GyuRi Kim;Yujeong Choi;Tae–Hoon Kim
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.103-111
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    • 2023
  • To evaluate the impact of effluents from land-based fish farms on the coastal ocean of Wando, Korea, we analyzed inorganic nutrients, particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the effluent and influent of land-based fish farms during the summer (July) of 2021. The average concentrations of nutrients (Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicate; DIN, DIP, and DSi, respectively) in the effluents of this study area were 17±3.7 μM, 1.4±0.7 μM, and 14±1.6 μM, respectively. The average concentrations of POC and DOC were 37±22 μM and 81±13 μM, respectively, with POC accounting for about 30% for total organic carbon in effluents. The Reduced Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen/Total Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ratio (0.7), potential short-period index, indicates that the discharge of nutrients excreted by the fish and unconsumed feed into coastal water results in such nutrients being deposited and accumulated in the sediment. Subsequently, this continuous accumulation triggers the release of ammonium ions during organic matter decomposition, and the ammonium-enriched waters that encroach on fish farms as influent seem to be due to the diffusion of high concentrations of ammonium from bottom sediment. Furthermore, we used fluorescence indices to examine the characteristics of organic matter sources, obtaining mean values of 1.54±0.19, 1.06±0.06, and 1.56±0.06 for the humification index, biological index, and fluorescence index, respectively, in the effluent. These results indicate that the organic matters had an autochthonous origin that resulted from microbial decomposition, and such organic matters were rapidly generated and removed by biological activity, likely supplied from the sediment. Our results suggest that the effluent from land-based fish farms could be a potential source of deoxygenation occurrence in coastal areas.