• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.174-178
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 1998년과 2004년의 대기오염물질배출량 분포를 비교하여 제시하였다. 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫 번째 오염물질별 배출량을 살펴보면 2004년이 1998년에 비해 질소산화물$(NO_x)$과 미세먼지(PM-10)은 증가하였고, 일산화탄소(CO)와 아황산가스$(SO_2)$는 감소하였다. 두 번째 오염원별 배출량을 살펴보면 1998년과 2004년 모두 모든 오염원에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 선 오염원의 배출량이 가장 뚜럿한 증가를 나타내었다. 이는 $SO_2$는 저황유 공급정책과 청정연료의 사용으로 인해 감소하였으며, $NO_x$와 PM-10 차량대수의 증가와 인구의 증가, 총에너지 수요의 증가가 원인으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.spc
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• pp.40-54
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• 2023

산업혁명 이후 화석연료의 광범위한 사용, 삼림 벌채, 토지사용의 변화 등과 같은 인위적 활동은 대기 중 온실가스(GHGs, greenhouse gases) 농도를 지속적으로 증가시켜 지구의 기후위기를 유발하였다. 우리나라의 경우 최근 30년 사이 평균 온도가 1.4℃ 상승하였으며, 국제사회의 일원으로 책임을 다하기 위해 2016년 11월 3일 파리협정을 비준하였다. 이에 파리협정의 목표인 산업화 이전 대비 지구 평균온도 상승을 2℃ 아래, 가능한 1.5℃ 아래로 억제하기 위해 2050년까지 CO₂ 순배출량을 0으로 만들어야 하며, 이를 위해 다양한 정책 마련과 함께 경제 및 사회 전반에 걸쳐 많은 노력이 경주되고 있는 실정이다. 탄소중립을 달성하기 위해서는 첫 번째로 GHGs 배출을 줄이고, 두번째로 대기에서 CO₂ 포집을 촉진하기 위해 현재 가동되는 다양한 산업분야의 생산 시스템을 개혁하는 것이 가장 중요한 과제로 고려되고 있다. 그동안 지하수토양 관련 연구분야에서는 지속가능성(sustainability), 복원성(resilience), 녹색성장(green growth) 등과 같은 사회적 요구에 부응하여, 녹색정화(green remediation), 자연 저감(natural attenuation), 탄소포집저장(carbon capture and sequestration), 지열발전등의 기술이 초기단계로 개발이 되고 연구가 되어 왔다. 이러한 기존 연구들은 탄소중립2050의 달성을 위해 고도화되어야하며, 추가적으로 자연 및 인위기원 탄소배출 연구, 토양의 역할을 고려한 저탄소 토지이용 기술, 광물탄산화 등의 연구 및 기술개발이 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 논문에서는 탄소중립2050의 간단한 내용과 함께, 이를 달성하기 위한 지하수토양 분야의 혁신기술 및 선도연구를 소개하였다.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

The first objective of this study is to estimate emission coefficient of organic carbon regarding its inflow and discharge for dairy farm through reviewing domestic and foreign literature published or reported previously. Its second objective is to provide fundamental data to establish carbon cycle system related to livestock production. Based on literature review, emission coefficients by inflow of organic carbon into dairy farm were 5.9 ton C/head/year for feedstuff ingestion by milk cow, 2.3 ton C/head/year for recycling manure compost of milk cow to grassland, 318 g C/$m^2$/year for contents in grassland, 145 g C/$m^2$/year for contents in fodder crop, and 17 g C/$m^2$/year for $CO_2$ uptake by fodder crop, respectively. on the other hand, emission coefficients by discharge of organic carbon from dairy farm were 2,9 ton C/head/year for emission of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ by respiration and burp of milk cow, 0.4 ton C/head/year for emission of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ by decomposition of organic carbon in manure of milk cow, 440 g C/$m^2$/year for emission of $CO_2$ from grassland, and 0 for elution of organic carbon in grassland into underground water, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.151-165
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• 2013

This article addresses potential errors in accounting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions based on the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives' (ICLEI's) International Local Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP). The IEAP seems to provide practical guidelines for local governments so that they can measure their GHG emissions. The outcomes are immediately convertible for any national GHG inventory analysis when one is constructed based on the methodology drafted by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Further, it provides a societal foundation at the global level in order for local governments to collectively deal with 'double-counting' and 'allocation' problems. However, ICLEI's IEAP overlooks two major issues: (1) the protocol does not consider carbon dioxide emissions due to burning biological fuel as a type of GHG emission; and (2) it overlooks the possibility of indirect double-counting when producing emission factors at the local level. Thus, the limitations must be fixed so that the local governments can measure their GHG emissions more precisely, while the accurate GHG inventory will ultimately support reducing the local governments' emissions to mitigate anthropogenic climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.253-266
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• 2020

This study selected three types of agglomerated wood charcoal (Agglomerated wood charcoal with charcoal powder, Carbonized wood briquette, Ignition-type of perforated charcoal) that are in circulation in Korea among fuel-type wood products and analyzed the fuel characteristics, harmful substance content, and emissions of air pollutants generated by combustion. The first results showed that charcoal-grilled carbon, which is the raw material of charcoal, produced higher CO than saw-billed carbon. The second result is that the emission standards of air pollutants generated by the combustion of molded wood coal are not up to the emission standards of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the entire product, compared with the emission criteria of the atmospheric environment preservation method (based on 2019, carbon monoxide: 200 ppm, nitrogen oxides, 150 ppm sulfur oxides: 100 ppm), but the carbon dioxide moulding and carbon dioxide levels were not up. Based on the analysis of combustion gas generated during combustion derived from this study, future research is needed for comparing with the emission standards of pellets, which are wood products for fuel, among the existing biomass burning standards and for reducing carbon monoxide generated during incomplete combustion of agglomerated wood charcoal.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.40-52
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• 2011

In this study, $CO_2$ emission quantities by spatial characteristics using GIS were investigated for building a $CO_2$ emission inventory. Eventually, this study provides the guidelines to build the urban spatial structure for reducing greenhouse gas and contributes to the transition to environmental friendly green city. The attribute data for GIS were energy (electricity and gas) usage in the city of Daegu for 2009 and used for Tier 1 as suggested by the IPCC guideline to estimate amount of $CO_2$ emission. The spatial data were built based on land use types categorized by building purposes with connecting building registers to cadastral maps for Daegu city. Spatial $CO_2$ emission quantities could be calculated by combining $CO_2$ emission inventory for energy and GIS. Also, $CO_2$ emission characteristics were different by land use types.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.459-479
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• 2013

To assess the feasibility of 'low carbon, sustainable growth' policy pursued of the Chinese government, this paper first measures technical efficiency, $CO_2$ shadow prices, and indirect Morishima elasticity of substitution between capital and energy for 24 of manufacturing sectors in Beijing and Chongqing, in which China launched pilot carbon emissions trading scheme, by estimating the input distance function. Based on these results, then the potential for $CO_2$ reduction, cost savings from emissions trading, and the effectiveness of capital investment in reducing $CO_2$ are compared across industries and provinces. In 2010, manufacturing industries in Beijing and Chongqing could potentially reduce the largest $CO_2$ emissions, amounting 5.2 and 17 million tons, respectively, by achieving 100% technical efficiency. While, on average, Chongqing has a comparative advantage in the cost savings from carbon trading over Beijing, Beijing is more likely to reduce $CO_2$ by expanding capital investment.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.101-131
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• 2015

A cap-and-trade program accounting for 60 percent of total national greenhouse gas emissions was launched in South Korea in 2015. Academic literature expects that the implementation of such a policy is likely to adversely impact income distribution among various socioeconomic groups in developed countries. South Korea is challenged by equity issues, as well circumstances, the distributional implications of carbon pricing policies need to be examined and reflected in the design of the program prior to implementation in order not to exacerbate social inequity. Using environmentally extended input-output analysis together with household expenditure data, this study finds that a carbon pricing policy will be regressive in South Korea, but the extent depends on whether relative burdens of a carbon pricing policy are measured based on current incomes or proxies of permanent incomes. Along with poor households, this paper finds that elderly and urban households will be more adversely impacted in South Korea. These burdens can be relieved if a small fraction of the revenue is redistributed to households.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.837-844
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the method of creation and management of urban green field based on carbon emission reduction. For a case study, Daejeon Metropolitan City in Korea was chosen. For the study, the relevant concepts of green field and carbon emission plans are reviewed as a theoretical research, and current problems of the urban green field are surveyed focused on metropolitan cities in Korea. Implementation plans of park and green in Daejeon Metropolitan City were analysed in the aspect to carbon emission reduction, climate change responding and urban green field expansion. Finally, as a result of the study, the method of creation and management of urban green field based on carbon emission reduction in the perspectives of urban structure change, green field network, conservation of green field and relevant institutions are suggested.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) suggested the three methodology, Tier 1/2/3, considering with the accuracy and difficulty of greenhouse gas emission statistics according to the report determined as the international criterion. In Korea, the existing inventory building was made by the Top-down approach applying with the emission factors for transportation in the entire energy consumption, the emission factors were investigated under the domestic traffic situation which did not reflect by the continuing increase of vehicle and the change of road section. From the suggestion of IPCC, which it is estimated that the emission estimation of $CO_2$ in greenhouse gas emission could be calculated more accurate by the carbon content according to the fuel, the establishment of measures to respond to climate change from the latest greenhouse gas emissions statistics will be able to improve the accuracy of national statistics using monthly or seasonally the analysis of carbon content about the transportation fuels.