• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.898-906
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Oral Function Improvement Exercises on salivation, xerostomia and halitosis in elderly people. Methods: The participants in the study were 48 female community-dwelling elders in D city. The Oral Function Improvement Exercises were given 3 times a week, for a total of 24 times from August to October 2011. Spitting method, Visual Analogue Scale, and halimeter (mBA-21) were used to evaluate the effects of Oral Function Improvement Exercises on salivation, xerostomia, and halitosis. The data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test and t-test with the SPSS program. Results: The experimental group had significantly better salivation, and less xerostomia and halitosis than the control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that Oral Function Improvement Exercises were effective for salivation, xerostomia and halitosis in the elders. Therefore, it was suggested that Oral Function Improvement Exercise are applicable in a community nursing intervention program to improve the quality of life for elders.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.749-757
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between salivary flow, palate recognition threshold, DMFT index and oral health influence point (OHIP-14) of the adults over 40 years old. Methods : Salivary flow and taste recognition threshold were measured in 220 adults over 40 years old from three dental clinics in Daegu from January 3 to February 4, 2012. A total of 208 questionnaires were analyzed. Results : The adults recognized the sour taste in low concentration level when the salivary flow was faster. DMFT index was low in those who recognized sweet and sour taste that affected OHIP-14. Conclusions : Tooth decaying food must be restricted because of its high acidity in the past despite the individuals' taste recognition threshold was neglected. Before the diet control, it is necessary to measure the taste threshold of the individuals. Training for improving salivary flow is very important to prevent dental caries and to preserve good taste.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2008

A new forensic saliva test method using $SALIgAE^{(R)}$ was evaluated in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of $SALIgAE^{(R)}$ were examined and compared to those of other saliva test methods such as agarose gel diffusion method and $Phadebas^{(R)}$ test sheet method. $SALIgAE^{(R)}$ showed high sensitivity and specificity to human saliva in addition to quickness. Moreover modified $SALIgAE^{(R)}$ method was cheap and easy to use in crime scene and DNA laboratory. $SALIgAE^{(R)}$ was very stable at room temperature and had no effect on STR typing.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

Purpose Tc-99m HMPAO is widely used radiopharmaceutical for brain perfusion SPECT. Tc-99m HMPAO is chemically unstable and is liable to show deterioration of labeling efficiency due to high incidence of secondary Tc-99m HMPAO complex, free pertechnetate and reduced-hydrolyzed Tc-99m. In this study, we investigated whether sialogogues administration could reduce the impurities of Tc-99m HMPAO. Materials and Methods In thirty subjects(20 male and 10 female, age range 19~89 years, mean age $60.7{\pm}14.5years$), brain perfusion SPECT were performed at basal and citric acid stimulation states consecutively after injection of 555 MBq of Tc-99m HMPAO. In the salivary glands, the uptake coefficient was calculated using Siemens processing program. Statistical comparison between before and after the citric acid stimulation performed paired t-test. P value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results Salivary glands uptake was $12900{\pm}3101$ counts in basal and $10677{\pm}2742$ counts in citric acid stimulation states. Unnecessary impurities in the body is much decreased after citric acid administration(t=10.78, P<0.05). The image quality was much improved after administration of citric acid and the regional cerebral perfusion was clearly from demarcated the background. Conclusion The impurity is distributed throughout the body particularly in the salivary glands and nasal mucosa when Tc-99m HMPAO brain perfusion SPECT is performed. If this impurities is not removed, the quality of the image may deteriorate, resulting in errors in visual evaluation. The use of sialogogues could be helpful for decreasing unnecessary impurities in the body.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2001

Purpose: In this study, we compared the quantitative characteristics of dynamic salivary gland scintigraphy with static scintigraphy in patients with clinical sicca syndrome using Tc-99m pertechnetate. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two parotid glands and 52 submandibular glands out of 26 patients with clinical sicca syndrome were studied by dynamic and static salivary gland scintigraphy. Ten normal volunteers were also studied as a control group for comparison of scintigraphic parameters. Ten minutes after injection of 370 MBq Tc-99m pertechnetate, we obtained pre-stimulus static images for a few minutes. Then dynamic salivary gland scintigraphy with lemon juice stimulation was performed for 20 minutes. Finally we obtained post-stimulus static images after dynamic images. On dynamic study, functional parameters such as uptake rate, secretion rate and re-uptake rate were calculated. The results of dynamic study and static images were compared. Results: On dynamic study, we could obtain functional parameters of salivary glands successfully. On dynamic study, 22 parotid glands and 22 submandibular glands out of each of 52 glands are abnormal. The static images demonstrated somewhat different results, of which reasons we could assume via dynamic study. Conclusion: Dynamic salivary gland scintigraphy using Tc-99m perechnetate were more functional than static images and might be useful in the assessment of the functional change of the salivary gland in patients with clinical sicca syndrome.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral health behaviors and the results of the oral dysentery test for dental hygienists and students at Gyeonggi - do and Chungcheongnam - do. Self - filling questionnaires and oral diseases. The following conclusions were obtained. The most common toothbrushing frequency was three times a day (60.2%), and the most dominant frequency of eating between meals was once or less(49.7%). The most common snack that they had was stickiness-free sweetened food(66.5%), and the type of beverage that they had the most was sweetened beverages(49.7%). The average stimulated saliva flow rate was 9.41ml, and they got a mean of 9.52 in the buffering capacity of saliva. The average glucose clearance time was a mean of 12.02. When they took a streptococcus mutans colony count test, 80.1 percent belonged to the low-risk group(<$10^5$), and 82.6 percent belonged to the low-risk group(<$10^5$) when a lactobacillus test was conducted. There was a positive correlation between the irritant saliva fraction and the non-irritating saliva and saliva buffering ability. In the fluoride application experience, the glucose retention time was 10.66 minutes and the fluoride application experience was 13.33 minutes. (P = .008). The importance of oral health, which is directly linked to general health, should be emphasized in order to improve the quality of life as well as the life expectancy. For oral health, which is directly linked to systemic health, it is necessary to provide opportunities for oral health education that can be easily accessed by the public, and to continuously develop and provide oral health care programs for a lifetime.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2003

치과용 임플란트 실패의 주요 원인은 임플란트 표면에 부착되는 세균의 침착의 결과로 생기는 임플란트 주위염이다. 구강 내에서 세균성 치태의 침착은 치태가 부착하는 기질 표면의 물리적 성상과 타액성 피막의 성분에 영향을 받으며 형성된 피막의 유기질 성분의 차이가 치태의 성분과 병원성에 영향을 미친다. 최근 연구에 의하면 생체재료의 표면에 침착되는 치태세균은 사용되는 재료에 따라 특이한 세균 침착을 보이며 이는 초기 타액성 피막의 차이에 의한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 플라즈마분사법으로 표면 처리된 타이태늄 임플란트에 흡착되는 타액성 단백질 피막의 특성을 정성적인 방법으로 분석하는 데 있었다. 법랑질 조각과 플라즈마분사법으로 표면 처리된 타이태늄 임플란트를 스프린트에 치실을 이용하여 연결한 장치를 구강 내 장착하여 2시간 동안 피막이 침착되게 한 후 피막을 분리 추출하여 냉동 건조시켰다. 재수화 과정을 거치고 나서 전기 영동법과 Western transfer 분석을 통해 단백질 성분에 관한 분석을 시행하였다. 사람의 총 타액과 이하선 타액 및 악하선-설하선 타액을 수집기를 이용하여 채취하고 같은 방법으로 처리한 후 성분분석을 실시하였다. 피막 흡착 전후의 표면변화를 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 실험결과 타이태늄 임플란트에 흡착된 피막은 법랑질 표면의 피막과는 다른 단백질 성분을 가지고 있었으며, 주로 악하선-설하선 타액에서 유래하였다. 임플란트와 법랑질 표면 모두에서 흡착된 피막에는 아밀라제, 분비성 면역 글로불린A 및 락토페린이 존재함을 알 수 있었으나 법랑질의 경우는 blotting이 약하게 나타났다. 주사전자현미경 관찰결과 시편의 표면에 균질한 피막이 덮고 있었으며 세균의 부착은 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 실험 결과들을 통하여 플라즈마분사법으로 표면 처리된 타이태늄 임플란트 표면에 부착된 타액성 단백질 성분은 법랑질과는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 차이는 치태세균의 종류 및 병원성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된다. 법랑질과 타이태늄 임플란트는 기질과 표면구조가 다르므로 표면에 형성 되는 치태성분도 다르다는 사실과 본 연구 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 타이태늄 임플란트 표면에 흡착되는 초기 타액성 단백질의 성불이 타이태늄 표면에 침착되는 미생물 군의 조절에 중요한 역할을 가지고 있으며, 임플란트 치료 시에 올바른 치태 관리법의 교육을 통하여 환자 스스로 적절한 관리를 하도록 함으로써 임플란트 치료의 성공률을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2005

Mucin glycoproteins are the primary carriers of the oligosaccharide moieties that constitute the blood group substances in human saliva. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the conversion of either the A or B blood group antigens to the H antigen can occur during the degradation process of stored saliva samples. Forty subjects (20 subjects in each A and B blood group) identified as secretors were enrolled in this study. Fresh whole saliva samples and their clarified supernatants were stored at room temperature for 1 week. The conversion of the blood group antigens was detected by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Among the subjects showing the conversion in whole saliva, glandular saliva samples were obtained from 8 subjects (4 subjects in each A and B blood group). Submandibular-sublingual saliva (SMSL) and a mixture of SMSL and parotid saliva (PS) were stored at room temperature for 1 week. The conversion of the blood group antigens was detected by the same method. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the clarified samples of whole saliva, the A antigen was detected as being either intact (5%) or degraded molecules (95%) after the 1 week period. Conversion of the A antigen to the H antigen was detected in 5 subjects (25%). In the unclarified samples, the A antigen was either detected as degraded molecules (90%) or was not detected (10%). Conversion of the antigen had occurred in 4 subjects (20%). 2. In the clarified samples of whole saliva, the B antigen was detected as intact (20%) or as degraded molecules (65%) or was not detected (15%) after the 1 week period. Conversion of the B antigen to the H antigen was detected in 7 subjects (35%). In the unclarified samples, the B antigen was detected as intact (5%) or as degraded molecules (65%), or was not detected (30%). Conversion of the antigen was observed in 2 subjects (10%). 3. In the glandular saliva samples, only one of the four subjects displayed an antigenic conversion from the A to H antigen or from the B to H antigen. The conversion had occurred in both the SMSL samples and the SMSL and PS mixture. No degradation of the antigens was detected in the other three samples of the A or B blood groups, nor was there any conversion. The results demonstrated that conversion of the blood group antigens could occur in saliva, and suggested that the enzymes responsible for the conversion are present in saliva. Further studies on the origin and activity of the specific glycosidases in saliva as well as quantitative measurements of the antigenic conversion will be needed.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2021

Purposes: This study investigated how saliva cortisol, blood vessel health type, and blood vessel health index changed after forest bathing with subjects in the Samdasu Forest. Methods: After the forest bathing, we measured cortisol change in saliva and heart rate variability with subjects. Results: In the experimental group who took forest bathing for two hours in the Samdasu Forest, the stress cortisol content secreted in saliva decreased significantly compared to the control group (p<.05). Besides, the vascular age type significantly increased (p<.03), and the vascular age index significantly decreased (p<.032).There were no significant results in the control group. Conclusions: It is evaluated that forest bathing in Samdasu Forest in Jeju Island had the effect of reducing saliva cortisol and increasing blood vessel age.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.509-515
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the salivary secretion, salivary pH and cariogenic activity using unstimulated whole saliva in patients with hematologic malignancy. Methods : Nineteen patients (9 male, 10 female) who had hematologic malignancy and were treated with chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation, and nineteen normal volunteers (7 male, 12 female) as control group were included. The mean age of patients group and control group was 45.1 and 46.7 years, respectively. Patients group was examined salivary secretion, salivary pH, and cariogenic activity using unstimulated whole saliva and was compared with control group. Results : In comparison with control group, salivary secretion, salivary pH and salivary buffer capacity were significantly lower in patients with hematologic malignancy (p<0.01). Both cariogenic activity(p<0.01) and the number of Lactobacilli(p<0.05) are higher in patients group than control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that the unstimulated whole salivary secretion, pH and buffer capacity were lower in patients with hematologic malignancy than control group. Cariogenic activity is higher in patients with hematologic malignancy than control group. Such salivary factor and cariogenic activity can increase the possibility of induction of dental caries.