• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.28-31
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• 2006

It is require to construct geothermal database to develop geothermal energy as renewable energy policy. It must be consist of geologic data, borehole data and geophysical data for geothermal database. In aspect of geology, there are included the distribution of geology, structural geology, geological time, rock name, density of rock, porosity, thermal diffusivity, specific capacity and thermal conductivity In order to calculate the heat general ion, it is needed to analysis the radioactivity elements as U, Th and K of rock. In aspect of borehole data, there are included temperature of depth, surface temperature and geothermal gradient And also there is geotherrnornetry using chemical components of groundwater as Na Ca, K and $SiO_2$. In aspect of geophysical data, there are some thematic map as booger gravity anomaly data and magnetic survey data and etc. In addition, it is important to descript the distribution of hot spring and water temperature.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.47.2-47.2
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• 2010

1980년대 이후로 등장한 Nd-Fe-B 소결자석은 뛰어난 자성특성을 나타내며, 원재료도 풍부하기 때문에 단위 자기 에너지당 가격은 비교적 저가이다. 따라서 대부분의 기존 Sm-Co와 주조 Al-Ni-Co 자석재료를 대체하며 다양한 첨단사업의 핵심소재로 적용되며, 자동차 및 의료기기 등 산업 전반에 사용되고 있다. 이러한 응용 중에서도 향후 녹색성장을 위한 신성장동력 산업인 하이브리드 자동차의 구동 모터로서 사용되는 대표적인 영구자석이다. 현재 개발된 Nd계 영구자석은 큐리온도가 낮고 높은 온도에서 자기적 성능의 열화가 심하게 진행된다는 단점이 있기 새로운 합금 설계 및 공정의 최적화를 통해 보자력을 향상 시킴으로써 사용온도를 $200^{\circ}C$ 정도로 높이는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일반적인 제조공정을 통해 제조된 소결체의 미세구조에 변화시키기 위하여 약 $10^{-5}$ Torr의 진공분위기에서 $10^{\circ}C/min$의 승온/냉각속도로 $350^{\circ}C$부터 $450^{\circ}C$ 구간에서 2 사이클부터 8 사이클까지 승온과 냉각을 반복하는 열처리를 수행하였다. Nd-Fe-B 소결자석을 $350^{\circ}C{\sim}450^{\circ}C$ 온도구간에서 반복적인 열처리를 수행한 결과 열처리 사이클에 따라 보자력 특성이 다르게 나타내었다. 이에 승온과 냉각을 반복하며 나타난 미세구조의 변화가 자성특성에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지에 대해 고찰하였다.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.309-334
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• 2015

Now it is a proper time to discuss on the issue of crisis negotiation more in-depth. Thus far, studies on crisis negotiations have been mere manual style guidelines of "what to do". More substantial and rigorous theoretical propositions and empirical studies await for the future development of crisis negotiation field. This article contributes to the theoretical enrichment of the study of crisis negotiation field. Conventionally, two problems of misperceptions are raised in crisis negotiation. For instance, even though two parties used the same word, there can appear a substantial difference. Even worse, in many cases parties of negotiation send misinformation intentionally or unintentionally. This noise of communication can cause a serious misperception for parties of crisis negotiation including police officers, perpetrators, and hostages. However, this issue has not yet discussed in the field of crisis negotiation in Korea. This paper pointed out such important but not yet focused issue. It first discusses about the problem of perception and misperception. Next, it presents the negative impacts of such perception and misperception in crisis negotiation communication. Finally, it suggests the policy implications.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.133-154
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• 2016

The Seoul subway system has one of the highest transport shares in the city of Seoul. A high number of passengers means that a high level of crimes of all kinds occur on the city's subway system. As such, Seoul Metro, created the Subway Protective Guards System in 2009, in an effort to enhance safety on the subway. But this innovative new system did not resolve problems. In fact, many citizens came to question the effectiveness of the new system, as it did not yield tangible results. This study seeks to deduce the problems and activation strategy of the Subway Protective Guards System. An in-depth study was conducted by interviewing subway protective guards who were squad leaders with five or more years of relevant work experience. Semi-structured interview analysis was utilized to evaluate their responses. Specifically, their responses were deduced to identify the strengths and weaknesses internal to the system and the opportunities and threats posed by the environment external to the system. This study presents measures to improve the system based on the aforementioned analysis. Measures for improvement focused on the following areas: the adoption of an education system in response to terror; recruitment and the possibility of becoming a permanent employee; obtaining partial judicial powers; improvement of work environment; and intensifying the promotion of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2002

The iron-doped perovskite La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$Mn$_{0.99}$$^{57}$Fe$_{0.01}$O$_3$compound has been studied by x-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The single phase of the polycrystalline La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$Mn$_{0.99}$$^{57}$Fe$_{0.01}$O$_3$powder has been prepared by a waterbased solgel method. Crystalline La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$Mn$_{0.99}$$^{57}$Fe$_{0.01}$O$_3$was a rombohedral structure with lattice parameters a$_{0}$=5.480 $AA$, $alpha$=60.259$^{circ}$. Mossbauer spectra of La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.3}$/Mn$_{0.99}$$^{57}$Fe$_{0.01}$O$_3$have been taken at various temperatures ranging from 20 to 400 K. As the temperature increases toward the Curie temperature, T$_{c}$=375 K, the Mossbauer spectra show line broadening and the difference between the 1,6 and 3,4 linewidths is caused by the anisotropic hyperfine field fluctuation. The anisotropic field fluctuation of +H (P$_{+}$=0.80) is greater than -H (P$_{-}$=0.20). We calculated that the anisotropy energy was 124.01 erg/cm$^3$for T=150 K which is associated with the large line broadening.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.30
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• pp.61-83
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• 2012

Al-Qaeda follower who planned to attacks the Pentagon and the Assembly by unmanned aircraft equipped with explosives was caught in the dictionary in September 2011. In addition, high-performance unmanned aerial vehicles in the United States 'sentinel' of the technology being leaked to Iran in late 2011 was an accident. Terrorist attacks on the forces used unmanned aircraft will be the day the not too distant. The purpose of this research is to provide response plans against acts of terrorism utilizing unmanned aircrafts to prevent large losses of lives such as the terrorist attacks of September 11. Discussing in detail, this research suggests revising and newly implementing the definition and categorization of unmanned aircrafts as well as relevant punishment in current aeronautics regulations as an initial response against acts of terrorism utilizing unmanned aircrafts. This is in order to newly implement and revise current relevant regulations that inadequately address the rapidly developing and changing unmanned aircrafts which will lead to increased sense of alarm for the potential terrorists, and also to introduce a systematic tool to punish those who commit such acts by clearly establishing the grounds for punishment. Also, under the binary operating system over airspace currently implemented globally, it is impossible to identify and control the infiltration of airspace by unmanned aircrafts. Recognizing such limitations, this research suggests a combined operation of airspace for unmanned and manned aircrafts as a second way of response for acts of terrorism utilizing unmanned aircrafts. A systematic integrated operation of airspace will appropriately control unmanned/ manned aircrafts that were not previously reported or otherwise have deviated from navigation routes, and will be able to prevent terrorism attempts utilizing aircrafts beforehand.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.47
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• pp.85-117
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• 2016

These days, ISIS terrorists have been expanding not only to european countries, but also to asian countries so South Korea is no longer safe from terrorists' attacks. Especially, 'soft target terrorism' makes many people maximizing fear of terrorism because it is caused by small groups - those who are armed with small arms and light weapons - and they are able to carry out hit and run attacks on civilian targets. It poses even more dangerous to kill massively. That is why November 2015 Paris attacks and January 2016 Jakarta attacks killed and injured many people because of 'soft target terrorism.' Therefore, the South Korea has also recognized the seriousness of terrorism by ISIS. The study has shown the precautionary measures about 'soft target terrorism' and how to defend against 'soft target terrorism' by looking through overseas examples. It is for the possibilities of 'soft terrorism' in South Korea because of the expansion of ISIS. As a result, 'soft target terrorism', caused by ISIS, could happen in South Korea. The counterplan is as in the following. First of all, 'soft target terrorism', which is collaborated with ISIS and domestic terrorists, could be caused by negative awareness of foreign residents and xenophobia so the public should change stereotypes about the foreign residents and there should be legislation about racial discrimination enacted by parliament and the government must practice the law. Second, the Korean anti-terrorism laws should be modified to minimize violations of human rights, related to the Korean citizens' personal information, and to stop the concentration of power into the hands of one law enforcement. Third, the government has to develop and to initiate the refuge&evacuation simulation, which prepares for 'soft target terrorism' and minimizes the damages if terrorists attack hot spots like central commercial areas or event halls.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.27-68
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• 2005

Recently, because credit card crime using a personal credit information is increasing, professionalizing, and spreading the area, the loss occurring from credit card crime is enormous and is difficult to arrest and punish the criminals. At past, crime from forging and counterfeiting the credit card was originated by minority criminals, but at present, the types and appearance of credit card crime is very different to contrasting past crime. The numbers of people using credit card in the middle of 1990's was increasing and barometer of living conditions was evaluated by the number having credit card, therefore this bad phenomenon occurring from credit card crime was affected by abnormal consumption patterns. There is no need emphasizing the importance of personal credit card in this credit society. so, because credit card crime using personal credit card information has a bad effect, and brings the economic loss and harms to individuals, credit card company, and members joining credit card. Credit card crime using personal credit card information means the conduct using another people's credit card information(card number, expiring duration, secret number) that detected by unlawful means. And crime using dishonest means from another people's credit information is called a crime profiting money-making and a crime lending an illegal advance by making false documents. A findings on countermeasures of this study are as follows: Firstly, Diverting user's mind, improving the art of printing, and legitimating password from payment gateway was suggested. Secondly, Complementing input of password, disseminating the system of key-board protection, and promoting legitimations of immediate notification duty was suggested. Thirdly, Certificating the electronic certificates as a personal certificates, assuring the recognition by sense organ of organism, and lessening the ratio of crime occurrence, and restricting the ratio of the credit card crime was suggested.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.60
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• pp.175-196
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of safety sheriffs and their necessity in order to improve the activation of safety sheriff's professionalism. Seven security sheriffs were finally selected to discuss their activities and discuss ways to improve their effectiveness. We conducted semi - structured interviews and conducted in - depth interviews with limited data and inadequate prior research. The results of this study are as follows. First, the government should get the help of citizens, citizens and residents. If the state wishes to reduce the number of safety accidents and bring positive results to the public, it should not rely solely on the utilization of institutions. Second, in order to be a safe sheriff with a positive response from the local residents, the activities of the sheriff's sheriff are not only aimed at preventing risks in the environmental domain and reducing the number of accidents, Publicity should be provided to the landlord, tenant, and residents to inform them that the activity is preventive of accident prevention. Third, under the current law, it is necessary to disclose public facilities such as roads, airports, and harbors to the private sector in order to make it possible to monitor school facilities and youth training facilities. Fourth, the safety sheriff is expected to put forward the expectations and positive results of prevention through the beginning of the inspection activities, and the role of the Korean people in becoming psychological stable and efforts to be born as safety experts are required. Finally, it is necessary to establish a concrete manual, strategic safety inspection plan.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.229-241
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• 2008

he guarding system of the "Choson" era is completed by the Gyeongguk-daejeon(an administrative canon) at the kings "Sejong" and "Yejong", and it is supplemented at the King "Seongjong". "Geum-gun" is composed of "Naegeum-wi", "Gyeombok-sa", "Wirim-wi" and "Jeongro-wi" in the period before the Japanese Aggression of Korea in 1952, and in the period after the aggression war, the organization of the "Geum-gun" is changed repeatedly according to circumstances in the period after the aggression. They("Geum-gun") devote themselves to the protection of kings and the capital defense in the first period of the "Choson" era. The most important change of the "Geum-gun" is the practice of five military units system, three military units of them, "Hunryeon-dogam", "Eoyeong-cheong" and "Geumwi-yeong", take charge of the guard of kings and the capital defense, and "Chongyung-cheong" and "Sueo-cheong" take charge of the defense of the outer areas of the capital region with key positions located at "Namhan-sanseong" and "Bukhan-sanseong"(mountain fortress Walls). The function of the "Geum-gun" is extended through the aggressions, therefore the number of soldiers is increased greatly. The guarding system for the country and its royal family is frequently changed according to the improvement of the people's position with themselves-awakening and their understanding of realities. The reorganization of the "Geum-gun" including "Howi-cheong", "Geumgun-cheong", "Sukwi-so" and "Jangyong-yeong" is unavoidable to strengthen the royal rights that are weaken by deposing the king "Injo". The standing of the existing organizations is changed many times with financial problems. The enthronement of the king "Jeongjo" is a great epoch in the change of the guarding system.