• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.261-266
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine the effect of tree density of Pinus koraiensis forest on the thermal comfort and the physiological response of human body in summer season. As the indicators of thermal comfort were used the predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD), while the heart rate variability was used for the physiological indicator of subjects. The subjects were 15 physically healthy men and women in their 20s ($23.7{\pm}1.7$ years old). The subjects sat in each site to measure HRV for 5 minutes and the thermal comfort of each site was measured. As a results, it was proven by PMV and PPD that the Pinus koraiensis forest with 120% tree density was thermally more comfortable than the Pinus koraiensis forest with 80% tree density. In case of the subjects' physiological response, the Pinus koraiensis forest with 120% tree density showed significantly higher HF of HRV than the Pinus koraiensis forest with 80% tree density and significantly lower LF/HF. Therefore, the findings of this study scientifically proved that the Pinus koraiensis forest with 120% tree density is thermally more comfortable and physiologically more relaxing than the Pinus koraiensis forest with 80% tree density.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.295-296
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• 2003

최근 환경오염에 대한 인식과 규제가 증가하고 쾌적한 주변환경에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 대기, 물, 토양, 생물 등과 같은 여러가지 환경시료의 분석을 통하여 오염의 정도를 파악하고 오염원을 규명하여 환경관리정책에 반영하려는 노력이 추진되고 있다. 여러 가지 환경시료중 대기분진은 자연적 또는 인위적 발생원에 따라 다양한 원소들을 함유하고 있기 때문에 대기환경지표시료로 이용되고 있다. 오염원의 규명을 위한 소량의 휠터상 분진시료로부터 원소의 정확한 분석은 필수적이고 중요한 선행작업이며 적합한 측정분석법의 이용이 요구된다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 1997

This paper is aimed at investigating environmental indicators and needs based on residents' perception at Seosan city, Chungnam province. The results can be summarized as follows ; 1) On the average, the environmental level perceived by residents at Seosan city lies somewhat above the middle one, three points. 2) The perceived environmental level in rural areas is hither than that in urban and suburban ones, 3) There is a difference in residents'environmental needs between rural and urban areas. 4) It is proposed that a long-term and systematic environmental planning for Seosan city should be established to improve the environmental level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

Modern people spend much time at indoor space. So, People want to make better indoor air condition. But the facade of building is made of glass to be seen urbanely, the effect of solar radiation makes indoor environment worse. This study designs an open space affected by solar radiation with 4-way cassette air-conditioner. Using numerical simulation, this paper investigates thermal comfort and ventilation performance with discharge angles $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. To study thermal comfort, this paper studies distribution of velocity, temperature and effective draft temperature. Also, this paper introduces concept of air age to study ventilation performance. The flow influenced by solar radiation determines thermal comfort and ventilation performance in room space. This study shows that discharge angle of 45 degree has better thermal comfort and ventilation performance than that of 30 degree.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2013

This study aims to improve the thermal comfort level of detached housing area by reducing the impact of thermal environment. The study focused on reducing surface temperature that is generated in buildings and adjacent spaces as a result of sensible heat load and presented a proposal on implementing planting method considering its outdoor condition and structure and composed materials. To perform the study, we utilized 3D-CAD to examine the outdoor condition and structure and composed materials that impact on surface temperature and conducted space design after reflecting climatic elements in simulations. The result is as follows. In reviewing temperature distribution of Heat Island Potential (HIP) of buildings and adjacent spaces, in case where green coverage ratio is increased, there was a $6^{\circ}C$ temperature difference and in regard to changes in the thermal environment in detached housing area, in case where rooftop planting, surface improvement, planting, and overall green coverage ratio is increased, there was a $10^{\circ}C$ temperature difference. In addition, there was difference in temperature in detached housing area following the changes in wind.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.135-140
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• 2005

Installation of ceiling type unit is achieved by one of efforts for agreeable classroom environment embodiment along with economic growth. But research about changing the position of ceiling type unit is lacking in present. Therefore, this thesis is to study the thermal environment of 5 different position cases of ceiling type, namely Case A, B, C, D, E. Here, Case C is the case that has the position of ceiling type center of the classroom and the other 4 alternatives are 0.7 m away from the Case C according to x and z axis. In this thesis temperature distributions, air current distribution, heat amenities such as PMV of occupants are analyzed as the environmental factors. Through these factors, Case C and Case D are the better position alternatives than the alternatives of Case A, Case B and Case E because the latter cases the air current reaches directly to indoor occupants so that occupants feel chilly. This thesis has a conclusion under the condition of only one inlet air temperature and seat arrangement. But afterwards more inlet air condition and seat arrangement must be considered.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

The studies for mechanical performance development have been examined to reduce energy consumption in building construction field. However, The energy consumption using in building for heating is impacted by not only system performance but also PMV particularly at temperature and clo. Most energy using in building part is mainly consumed for heating and cooling to keep comfort temperature. Heating energy consumption is bigger than cooling energy in Korea because of temperature difference in winter in comparison with summer at apartment building. This means that energy consumption can be changed by occupancy's comfort setting temperature in apartment building. This study evaluate actual comfort temperature range by clo and examined heating energy consumption by Esp-r and CO2 reduction possibility. The results show that keeping ASHRAE standards can reduce heating energy up to 23%; also, wearing underclothes with ASHRAE standard can reduce heating energy up to 47.8%. Option 4 showing Maximum CO2 emission reduction indicates that kerosene. LNG and electricity can reduce 1.5t, 1.7t, 2.46t respectively in comparison with option 2.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

Most energy using in building part is mainly consumed for heating and cooling to meet occupancy's comfort temperature. Generally, heating energy consumption show high value than cooling energy in Korea because of high temperature difference in winter season as compared with summer in apartment building. The efforts to develope mechanical performance have been studied to reduce energy consumption in building energy field until now. However, the energy consumption in building is impacted by not only system performance but also PMV particularly at temperature and Clo value. This means that energy consumption can be changed by occupancy's comfort setting temperature in apartment building. This study investigated the passibility of overheating in apartment building by occupant' slow Clo and its setting temperature from preceding research and then the heating energy consumption by setting temperature was calculated with ESP-r. The effects of heating energy and $CO_2$ reduction are also evaluated quantitatively with Clo value. The results showed that keeping ISO-7730 standards can reduce heating energy up to 21% in compared with option 2; also, wearing underclothes with ISO-7730 standard can considerably reduce heating energy consumption up to 50%. As compared with option 2, the reduction of $CO_2$ emission for option 3 showed 0.63TCO2 of kerosene, 0.49TCO2 of LNG and 1.09TCO2 of electricity. The option 4 can be reduced by 1.48TCO2 of kerosene, 1.16TCO2 of LNG and 2.57TCO2 of electricity respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.99-110
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• 2010

This paper builds a system of indicators representing rural regional development level. Indicators were classified into two groups, that is, living environment indicator group and regional vitality indicator group. Living environment indicator group consists of four indicators including housing, road, water supply, and sewage system, while regional vitality indicator group consists of five indicators including regional economy, public finance, and demography. Real data of the year 2002 and 2006 were used to do the basic statistical analysis and estimate the suitable statistical distributions for each indicator. Data were applied for the three city/county type, general city, urban-rural combined city, and county. General cities have the strongest urbanization tendency among the three types, while counties have the weakest tendency. General cities turned out to be superior in housing condition, road density, water supply system and sewage system. Indicators of employment and local finance showed the highest levels in counties. The results of this analysis are expected to provide local governments with the appropriate reference for their rural regional development policy.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.7-20
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• 2017

This study attempts to diagnose and categorize the characteristics of old industrial parks, and eventually link the results to the regeneration of industrial complexes. For this reason, we performed a factor analysis by utilizing 15 indices of 89 industrial parks, excluding 5 large equipment industry sites. The 15 indices were classified into 5 factors. Factor 1 can be described as a category of 'urbanization possibility' for the indices of building age, plot ratio of less than $1,650m^2$, and urbanization ratio of the surrounding area. Factor 2 can be described as a category of 'productive efficiency' for the indices of land productivity, amount of exports by land, employment productivity, and repair costs of industrial areas. Factor 3 can be described as a category of 'infrastructure amenity' for the indices of road ratio, plot ratio attached to the road, and parks and recreation ratio. Factor 4 can be described as a category of 'location potentiality' for the indices of land price, infrastructure age, and distance to the highway, while factor 5 can be described as a category of 'availability of supporting facilities' for the indices of parking lot ratio and supporting facility land ratio. By using these 5 factor scores, we were able to extract industrial parks included in the lower 25% of the factor score and searched for what kind of factor problem they have for each industrial park. Based on these results, this research will provide sufficient information on the decline of industrial parks with respect to their demerits. The results of this study show significant implications and contribute to the establishment of policies for regional competitiveness, as well as job creation, in the process of industrial regeneration.