• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.438-444
• /
• 2002

Interactions between meat proteins and hydrocolloids in a model system may play an important role for the improvement of textural properties in low-fat sausage mixtures. The objective of this study was to determine gel properties as affected by the type and level of hydrocolloid, various pH values of meat protein-hydrocolloid mixture before cooking, and internal cooking temperatures. The desirable heat-induced gels (HIGs) were formed at least pH values above 6.0. The addition of konjac flour (KF), kappa-carrageenan (CN) and locust bean gum (LBG) to extracted salt soluble proteins (2%) improved the gel strength with increased levels (0.5∼1.5%) and HIGs containing CN had the highest (p<0.05) gel strength. The increase of cooking temperature increased gel strength, depending on pH and type of hydrocolloid. However, the minimun internal cooking temperature to make viscoelastic HIGs was 70$^{\circ}C$. These results indicated that desirable HIGs were manufactured with each hydrocolloid concentration of 1% and minimum cooking temperature of 70$^{\circ}C$ with pH values higher than 6.0.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2006

In this study, the stability of Ca-bentonite colloids from Gyeongju area was studied by investigating the changes in the size of the bentonite colloids using a dynamic light scattering method depending on the geochemical conditions such as pH and ionic strength. Kinetic and equilibrium coagulation behavior of the bentonite colloids was investigated by changing the pH and ionic strength of the bentonite suspensions. The results showed that the stability of the bentonite colloids strongly depended upon contact time, pH, and ionic strength. It was also shown that the bentonite colloids were unstable at higher ionic strength greater than 0.01 M $NaClO_4$ at whole pH values considered. In addition, the stability ratio Wand the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) were also calculated using the data from the kinetic coagulation experiments. The stability ratio W was decreased as the ionic strength increased and varied with pH depending on the ionic strength. The CCC of the Ca-bentonite colloids was about 0.05 M $NaClO_4$ around pH 7.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.141.1-141
• /
• 2002

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2014

In order to evaluate the distributions of colloidal $^{210}Pb$ (half life = 22.2 years) and $^{210}Po$ (half life = 138 days) in subterranean estuary, we have measured $^{210}Pb$ and $^{210}Po$, for the first time, in the total dissolved (< $0.45{\mu}m$), true dissolved (<10 kDa), and colloidal ($10kDa-0.45{\mu}m$) phases in subterranean estuary of Hampyeong Bay in July 2010 and of Jeju Island in January 2011. The $^{210}Pb$ and $^{210}Po$ activities in groundwater were in the ranges of $0.21-2.52mBqL^{-1}$ and $0.12-2.07mBqL^{-1}$ for true dissolved phase and $0.10-1.71mBqL^{-1}$ and $0.03-0.97mBqL^{-1}$ for colloidal phase, respectively. The proportions of the colloidal phase to the total dissolved phase were $40{\pm}5%$ for $^{210}Pb$ and $28{\pm}5%$ for $^{210}Po$ in groundwater. This result indicates that colloids may play an important role in transporting trace elements through subterranean estuary into the coastal ocean.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2013

Pt/carbon Electrode catalysts for PEMFC were synthesized using colloidal method. PSA (platinum sulfite acid) was used as a Pt precursor and CPA (chloroplatinic acid) was also used to replace relatively expensive PSA. Electrode catalysts prepared using PSA showed Pt particle size less than 3.5 nm and Pt yield higher than 90% in 10~40 wt% Pt loading. Electrode catalysts prepared using CPA also showed Pt particle size less than 4.4 nm and Pt yield higher than 80% in 10~40 wt% Pt loading. The MEA (membrane electrode assembly) using 20 wt% Pt/VXC72 showed equivalent I-V curve comparing with commercial electrode catalyst in single cell test.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.243-253
• /
• 2009

In this study, research status on radionuclide and colloid migration in underground research facilities including KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) was investigated. Some foreign underground research facilities constructed in crystalline rock formations such as granite were briefly introduced and compared. International joint researches concerned with the radionuclide and colloid migration were investigated particularly for the Grimsel Test Site (GTS) and $\ddot{A}$sp$\ddot{o}$ Hard Rock Laboratory by analyzing major research items, on-going research projects, and future plans.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.237-246
• /
• 2012

In this study, numerical model for transport of radionuclide and colloid was developed. In order to solve reaction-migration governing equation for colloid and radionuclide, Strang-splitting Sequential Non-Iterative (SNI), which is one of Operator Splitting Method, was used for numerical method and this was coded by MATLAB. From the verification by comparing the simulation results with analytical solution considering only solute transport and rock diffusion, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99 which demonstrates the accuracy of the model.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2009

The fluorescence study was performed to see whether the adsorption orientation of 4-biphenyl acetonitrile(BPAN) on metal colloids can be changed by forming an inclusion complex with $\alpha$-cyclodextrin($\alpha$-CD). The fluorescence quenching was observed with increasing temperature to confirm the direct adsorption of BPAN to the Au and Ag colloidal surfaces. BPAN adsorbed on the metal colloids formed inclusion complex with $\alpha$-CD regardless of the kinds of metal colloids. The formation constants, 32 $M^{-1}$ and 13 $M^{-1}$ for Au and Ag colloids respectively, were obtained with Benesi-Hildebrand plot. The molecules adsorbed on both the Au and Ag colloidal surfaces behaved similarly to each other, leading to the conclusion that the orientation of BPAN adsorbed on the metal colloids can be modified with $\alpha$-CD.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2011

A mobile laser-induced breakdown detection (LIBD) system was developed for the field measurement of the size and concentration of aquatic colloidal nanoparticles sampled from Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Underground Research Tunnel (KURT). The established LIBD apparatus is based on the optical detection of a laser-induced plasma by means of a two-dimensional optical imaging method for determining the size of nanoparticle. Calibration curve for determining the size of nanoparticle was obtained from the polystyrene reference particles of a well-defined size. The first direct application was made at KURT for investigating the particle sizes in groundwater. By comparing the size of particles in groundwater with the sizes of reference particles, the mean particle size of approximately $108{\pm}26$ nm with the concentration lower than 50 ppb was determined.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.830-836
• /
• 2017

Hydrophilic coating solutions were prepared by reacting a silane coupling agent, GPTMS (3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane) with colloidal silica. Hydrophilic coating films were also obtained by depositing the hydrophilic coating solutions on polycarbonate substrates by spin-coating and subsequently by thermal curing at $120^{\circ}C$. During this process, the effect of average particle sizes of colloidal silica was studied on the properties of coating films. As a result, coating film, prepared from colloidal silica with average particle size of 25 nm, showed a low contact angle of $20^{\circ}$ and a good pencil hardness of H. On the other hand, coating films, prepared from colloidal silica with average particle sizes of 15 nm and 45 nm, exhibited high contact angles of $27^{\circ}$ and $36^{\circ}$ and pencil hardness of H and B, respectively.