• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 1989

휨을 받는 철근콘크리트 부재 단면의 연화현상은 구조물의 파괴하중 해석시 중요한 인자로 작용한다. 일반적인 탄-소성 이론에 근거한 소성한계해석법을 사용할 경우 철골 구조물에는 적합하지만 철근콘크리트 구조물에는 최대하중 이후의 연화현상으로 인하여 이 이론은 부적합하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문의 주목적은 변위제어방법을 사용하여 철근콘크리트 구조물이 파괴될 때까지의 완전한 거동을 이끌어 내는 것이다. 프로그램을 사용한 계산결과를 보다 빠르고 경제적으로 이끌어 내기 위하여 단면의 성질인 모멘트-곡률, 축력-축\ulcorner향 변형률, 그리고 전단력 변형률 곡선 등을 여러개의 직선적으로 단순화한 모델식을 사용하여 해석한다. 또한 연화현상을 고려한 유한요소의 해석결과는 사용된 요소의 크기에 따라 결과가 매우 다르게 나타나기 때문에 이를 방지하기 위하여 파괴에너지 개념을 도입하여 모멘트-곡률 곡선을 보정하여 구조계산에 적용시킨다. 이와 같이 단면을 층으로 나누어 해석하지 않고 직접 단면의 성질을 나타내는 곡선들을 적용한 본 프로그램으로 보와 골조를 해석한 결과는 실제적인 실험결과와 비교하였을 경우 거의 일치하게 나타난다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

The effect of steel-fiber contents on the compressive behavior of ultra high performance cementitious composites (UHPCC) was studied to propose a compressive behavior model for UHPCC. The experiments considered fiber contents of 0~5 vol.% and the results indicated that compressive strength and corresponding strain as well as elastic modulus were improved as the fiber contents increased. Compared to the previous study results obtained from concrete with compressive strength of 100MPa or less, the reinforcement effect on strength showed similar tendency, while the effect on the strain and elastic modulus were much less. Strength, strain, and elastic modulus according to the fiber contents were presented as a linear function of fiber reinforcement index (RI). Fiber reinforcement in UHPCC had no influence on the shape of compressive behavioral curve. Considering its effect on compressive strength, strain, and elastic modulus, a compressive stress-strain relation for UHPCC was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2014

For evaluating basic structural behavior of HVFA (High Volume Fly Ash) concrete, several tests are performed considering different ratios of fly ash replacement and structural evaluation regarding compressive strength, elasticity modulus, stress-strain relationship, and bond strength is also performed. Test results show that elasticity modulus of HVFA concrete has close relationships with compressive strength and fly ash replacement ratio. The ultimate strain shows slight difference from domestic design code. On the other hand, there are no differences between general concrete and HVFA concrete for elasticity modulus and bond strength.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.175-181
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• 2010

The three truss models(equilibrium truss model, Mohr compatibility truss model, and the soften truss model) based on a rotating angle is called the rotating-angle model. The three rotating-angle models have a common weakness: they are incapable of predicting the so-called "contribution of concrete". To take into account this "contribution of concrete", the modern truss model(MCFT, STM) treats a cracked reinforced concrete element as a continuous material. By combining the equilibrium, compatibility, and the softened stress-strain relationship of concrete in biaxial state, MTM is capable of producing the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures composed of membrane element. In this paper, an efficient algorithm is proposed for the solution of proposed model incorporated with failure criteria. This algorithm is used to analyze the behavior of reinforced membrane element using the results of Hsu test.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.803-810
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• 2007

An analytical method capable of predicting various stress-strain responses in axially loaded concrete confined with FRP (fiber reinforced polymers) composites in a rational manner is presented. Its underlying idea is that the volumetric expansion due to progressive microcracking in mechanically loaded concrete is an important measure of the extent of damage in the material microstructure, and can be utilized to estimate the load-carrying capacity of concrete by considering the corresponding accumulated damage. Following from this, an elastic modulus expressed as a function of area strain and concrete porosity, the energy-balance equation relating the dilating concrete to the confining device interactively, the varying confining pressure, and an incremental calculation algorithm are included in the solution procedure. The proposed method enables the evaluation of lateral strains consecutively according to the related mechanical model and the energy-balance equation, rather than using an empirically derived equation for Poisson's ratio or dilation rate as in other analytical methods. Several existing analytical methods that can predict the overall response were also examined and discussed, particularly focusing on the way of considering the volumetric expansion. The results predicted by the proposed and Samaan's bilinear equation models correlated with observed results with a reasonable degree, however it can be judged that the latter is not capable of predicting the response of lateral strains correctly due to incorporating the initial Poisson's ratio and the final converged dilation rate only. Further, the proposed method seems to have greater benefits in other applications by the use of the fundamental principles of mechanics.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4A
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• pp.743-752
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• 2006

Confined concrete has enhanced strength and ductility compared with unconfined strength. Cause of these merits of confined concrete, many researches have been performed for confining effects of concrete and been studied in many fields. Although many researches about concrete confined by FRP sheets have been studied recently, it is difficult to apply concrete confined by FRP in real structures because FRP is a brittle material. In this study, the enhanced strength and ductility of concrete which is confined by steel tubes or steel plates were investigated. Fifty one specimens were tested and each specimen has different confining condition. Test results showed enhanced ductility and strength of confined concrete and concrete models were suggested under various confining conditions by regression of experimental data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 2010

Concrete-filled steel tube columns are expected to have confined effects of the steel on the concrete and reinforced local buckling effects of the concrete. After comparing the results of existing studies with the experimental results from this study, the stress-strain relations were modified by evaluating the load-displacement with consideration of the confined effects. The effects of the parameters on the load-displacement and moment-curvature relationship according to the sectional and material properties were analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.825-832
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• 2010

Although a critical section reaches its flexural strength in reinforced concrete structures, the structure does not always fail because moment redistribution occurs during the formation of plastic hinges. Inelastic deformation in a plastic hinge region results in plastic rotation. A plastic hinge mainly depends on material characteristics. In this study, a plastic hinge length and plastic rotation are evaluated using the flexural curvature distribution which is derived from the material models given in Eurocode 2. The influence on plastic capacity the limit values of the material model used, that is, ultimate strain of concrete and steel and hardening ratio of steel(k), are investigated. As results, it is appeared that a large ultimate strain of concrete and steel is resulting in large plastic capactiy and also as a hardening ratio of steel increases, the plastic rotation increases significantly. Therefore, a careful attention would be paid to determine the limit values of material characteristics in the RC structures.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2007

To investigate the enhancement in strength and deformation capacities of concrete confined by FRP composites, tests under axial loads were carried out on three groups of thirty six short columns in circular section with diverse GFRP confining reinforcement. The major test variables considered include fiber content or orientation, wrap or tube type by varying the end loading condition, and continuous or discontinuous confinement depending on the presence of vortical spices between its two halves. The circumferential FRP strains at failure for different types of confinements were also investigated with emphasis. Various analytical models capable of predicting the ultimate strength and strain of the confined concrete were examined by comparing to observed results. Tests results showed that FRP wraps or tubes provide the substantial increase in strength and deformation, while partial wraps comprising the vertical discontinuities fail in an explosive manner with less increase in strength, particularly in deformation. A bilinear stress-strain response was observed throughout all tests with some variations of strain hardening. The failure hoop strains measured on the FRP surface were less than those obtained from the tensile coupons in all tests with a high degree of variation. In overall, existing predictive equations overestimated ultimate strengths and strains observed in present tests, with a much larger scatter related to the latter. For more accuracy, two simple design- oriented equations correlated with present tests are proposed. The strength equation was derived using the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, whereas the strain equation was based on entirely fitting of test data including the unconfined concrete strength as one of governing factors.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

The failure behavior of RC structure was exceedingly affected by the size and the local strain distribution of the failure zone due to the strain localization behavior on the tension softening materials. However, it is very difficult to quantify and assess the local strain occurring in the failure zone by the conventional test method. In this study, image processing technology, which is available to measure the strain up to the complete failure of RC structures, was used to estimate the local strain distribution and the size of failure zone. In order to verify the reliability and validity for the image processing technology, the strain transition acquired by the image processing technology was compared with strain values measured by the concrete gauge on the uniaxial compressive specimens. Based on the verification of image processing technology for the uniaxial compressive specimens, the size and the local strain distribution of the failure zone of deep beam was measured using the image processing technology. With the results of test, the principal tensile/compressive strain contours were drawn. Using the strain contours, the size of the failure zone and the local strain distribution on the failure of the deep beam was evaluated. The results of strain contour showed that image processing technology is available to assess the failure behavior of deep beam and obtain the local strain values on the domain of the post-peak failure comparatively.