• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2022

The degradation of EBT (Eriochrome Black T) in an aqueous solution was investigated at various values of pH, Ferrate (VI) dosage, initial concentration, aqueous solution temperature. The maximum degradation efficiency was 95.42% at pH 7 and in that experimental condition, the kapp value was 872.87 M-1s-1. The degradation efficiency was proportional to the dosage of Ferrate (VI). Also, the initial rate constant of EBT degradation increased with decreasing of the EBT initial concentration. In addition, the degradation rate of EBT was increased from 74.04% to 95.42% when the temperature in the aqueous solution was increased from 10℃ to 45℃. The activation energy value was 11.9 kJ/mol for EBT degradation. Overall, the results of the degradation experiment showed that Ferrate (VI) could effectively oxidize the EBT in the aqueous phase.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

In bioethanol from acid hydrolysis process, neutralization of acid hydrolyzate is essential step, which resulted in dissolved cations in glucose solution. Impact of cations to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in glucose solution was investigated focused on ethanol fermentation. Both potassium and sodium cations decreased the ethanol fermentation and glucose to ethanol conversion as potassium or sodium cations. In sodium cation, more than 1.13 N sodium cation in glucose solution led to ethanol production less than theoretical yield with severe inhibition. In 1.13 N sodium cation concentration, ethanol fermentation was slowed down to reach the maximum ethanol concentration with 48 h fermentation compared with 24 h fermentation in control (no sodium cation in glucose solution). In case of potassium cation, three different levels of potassium led to silimar ethanol concentration even though slight slow down of ethanol fermentation with increasing potassium cation concentration at 12 h fermentation. Sodium cation showed more inhibition than potassium cation as ethanol concentration and glucose consumption by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1430-1434
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• 2002

We report a 3-month old boy admitted to our hospital with Bartter's syndrome like symptoms and laboratory findings, which were vomiting, failure to thrive, hypochloremic and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis associated with hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism and normal blood pressure. However, the urine chloride level was low. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was diagnosed through abdominal ultrasonography. Fredet-Ramstedt operation was done after electrolyte correction. After surgery he made a good recovery and gained body weight. The electrolytes maintained within a normal limit without any potassium supplementations after surgery. Differential diagnosis from Bartter's syndrome was made on the basis of a decrease in urine chloride and the non-necessity for potassium supplementation after surgery. It is relatively rare for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis to induce pseudo-Bartter's syndrome. The importance of considering this diagnosis in such cases is discussed.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

In acid hydrolysis process of biomass saccharification. neutralization of acid hydrolyzate is essential step, which resulted in dissolved cations in glucose solution. Impact of cations to Kluyveromyces marxianus in glucose solution was investigated focused on ethanol fermentation. Either potassium or sodium cations decreased the ethanol fermentation and glucose to ethanol conversion. Glucose consumption by K. marxianus was delayed by increasing potassium cation concentration as completely consumed within 12 h in potassium cation 0.46 mol and 0.92 mol but within 24 h in potassium cation 1.38 mol. Also, ethanol fermentation process was slowed down with increasing concentration of the potassium sulfate. Fermentation of glucose solution to ethanol was more inhibited by sodium cation than potassium cation in glucose solution. Glucose was completely consumed within 24 h in sodium cation 0.95 mol. but at 1.90 mol or 2.84 mol in sodium cation could not finish the fermentation within 48 hour. Ethanol concentration was 22.26 g/L at low sodium cation in glucose solution with complete fermentation within 24 h. With increasing sodium cation in glucose solution, final ethanol concentration was reached at 14.10 g/L (sodium cation con) and 0.21 g/L (sodium cation con), which meant delaying of fermentation by sodium cations.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1993

The quantitative determination of trace cyanide ion in the presence of sulfide ion has been studied by addition of cupric ion using differential pulse Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry. The detection limit of cyanide ion in the presence of $5.0*10^{-5}M$ sulfide ion and $1.0*10^{-3}M$ cupric ion was $2.0*10^{-7}M$ in KCI-Phosphate buffer(pH=7.0) at accumulation potential -0.30V and accumulation time 3.0 min.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.387-395
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• 2011

We analyzed the estimated daily intake of sweeteners in the Korean population, using data from national health and nutrition studies regarding the concentration of sweetener in each type of food, food intake by gender, age group, and weight. The level of safety of these sweeteners was evaluated by comparisons with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) data established by the Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of sodium saccharin was $52.31{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}bw$, $55.06{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}bw$ acesulpham-K, $145.47{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}bw$ aspartame, and $93.86{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}bw$ sucralose per day. The percentages in relation to ADI were 1.0%, 0.4%, 0.4%, and 0.6% respectively, which were all within safe levels. The relatively higher-consuming groups were taking $783.12{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}bw$ sodium saccharine, $4,399.09{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}bw$ aspartame, $1,557.09{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}bw$ acesulpham-k, and $2,700.72{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}bw$ sucralose per day, and their intake levels as a percentage of ADI were 15.7, 11.0, 10.4, and 18.0%, respectively, which were all within safe levels.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.192-199
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• 2010

The alone and combined effects of bacteriocin produced from Enterococcus faecalis MJ-213 and potassium sorbate against the food-borne pathogenic bacteria were studied. Bacteriocin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 were 50 and 100 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. Bacteriocin (100 ${\mu}g$/ml) alone was active against S. aureus and S. enteritidis, but it was lower in antimicrobial effectiveness than the combination of bacteriocin (100 ${\mu}g$/ml) with potassium sorbate (100 ${\mu}g$/ml), which reduced initial counts (6 log cycle) of S. aureus and S. enteritidis by 1 and 3 log cycle, respectively. The bactericidal activity of bacteriocin of E. faecalis MJ-213 heated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min or $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min was markedly decreased as compared with the control. Moreover, the activity of bacteriocin was completely abolished by pepsin or protease II, but not affected by ${\alpha}$-amylase or lipase. The activity of bacteriocin adjusted to pH 6.0-8.0 showed almost the same inhibition ratio compared with the bacteriocin unadjusted pH, and though the inhibition ratio against pathogenic bacteria was reduced than the control, the bacteriocin was stable at pH 4.0 or 10.0, relatively. Furthermore, the combined treatment of bacteriocin and potassium sorbate than the alone treatment of bacteriocin significantly decreased (p<0.05) the viable cell counts of S. aureus or S. enteritidis inoculated on grind beef during storage at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.547-556
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• 1998

This study was performed to obtain the basic data on the serum constituents of several marine fish spesies commonly cultured in Korea. Blood samples taken from six species of fish were analyzed for various components of serum, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL), glucose (GLC), lipase (LIPA), amylase (AMYL), aspartate transaminoferase (AST), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (CI) and phosphorus (PHOS). The fish used were coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) and jack mackerel (Trachurus jaonicus) reared at the Chungmu Experimental Fish Culture Station of KORDI when the water tempetature was ca. 16.5$^{\circ}C$. There were significant differences in TRIG, CHOL, LIPA and AMYZ among the species analyzed. TRIG concentratin were ranged 178~180mg/dl in jack mackeerel and rock fish, 126~159 mg/dl in olive flounder and sea bass, and 102~114 mg/dl in coho salmon and parrot fish, respectively. Jack mackerel showed the highest levels in CHOL (255mg/dl) and GLC(138mg/dl) among species. LIPA levels were recorded 256 U/dl in coho salmon, 41~42 U/dl in parrot fish and rock fisk, and 5~11 U/dl jack mackerel and sea bass, respectively. AMYL activity of coho salmon was measured as 2, 665 U/dl, and that of jack mackerel was 1,210 U/dl while sea bass showed 60 U/dl and parrot fish, olive flounder and rock fish had at most 5 U/dl. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the concentration of Na and CI. Na and K were proved that they were negatively correlated in all the species. Generally, among blood components, PHOS and CHOL levels were different depending on environmental temperature of each fish species, especially in olive flounder. Rock fish and parrot fish showed high blood concentration of those components during low temperature period while olive flounder and jack mackerel reached high level during their optimal environmental temperature period. The electrolyte concentration and LIPA activity were high during low water temperature period, in general, but TP and ALB concentrations were high during optimal temperature period. The concentrations of TRIG, CHOL and GLC, those which were used as energy sourses, were different among species by season.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.656-663
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the minerals and trace elements contents in colostrum milk produced from 30 normal healthy mothers delivery at term, 10 mothers delivery preterm and 8 pregnancy induced hypertensive mothers(PIH) and to investigate the relationship between maternal minerals intakes during pregnancy and milk contents of minerals. Five minerals(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg) and three trace elements(Fe, Zn, Cu) in colostrum were determined by ICP-AES and maternal dietary intakes during pregnancy were estimated by semiquantitative frequency questionnaire. Maternal dietary intakes of three groups during pregnancy were below the recommended allowances except protein and phosphorus. The overall mean nutrients intakes of mothers delivered preterm were the lowest among three study groups, especially phosphorus and sodium intakes of preterm mothers were significantly lower than those of normal term mothers(p < 0.05). Dietary intakes of mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension were similar to those of normal term mothers except calcium intake of pregnancy induced hypefensive mother was the lowest among three groups. While potassium and phosphorus concentrations in preterm colosalm were significantly lower than those of term milk(p < 0.05), iron contents of colostrum in preterm and PIH groups were significantly higher than term milk respectively(p < 0.07). The other minerals concentrations of colostrum produced by the preterm mothers tended to be lower than term milk. There were not significant relationships between maternal dietary intakes of minerals during pregnancy and the corresponding mineral levels of colostrum of three groups of mothers except that Pearson correlation coefficient showed positive significant relationships between the calcium intakes of PIH mothers and the colostrum milk calcium levels. These results suggest that preterm milk might be insufficient for the mineral nutrition of preterm infects in considering of the poor tissue storage of minerals and catch-up growth of preterm infects.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

A severe defoliation by typhoon in early autumn reduces fruit quality for the current season and reserve accumulations for the next season. This study was conducted to determine the effects of foliar applications during the autumn on alleviating the damages after defoliation. Leaves of 2-year-old 'Fuyu' trees, grown in 50-L pots under a rain-shelter, were 75%-defoliated on September 9. In mid-September and early October, trees were treated either with eight foliar applications of urea or with four alternating applications of urea and $KH_2PO_4$ (urea + KP application), all at 0.5% (w/v). Trees untreated after the defoliation served as the control. The urea applications slightly increased N and P concentrations of the leaves collected on November 6, while urea + KP applications significantly increased P and K concentrations. Foliar applications did not affect fruit growth, but tended to decrease skin coloration. Fruit soluble solids increased by 1.5 and $1.0^{\circ}Brix$ for urea and urea + KP applications, respectively. There was a significant increase in dry weight of fine root for the foliar application treatments but not in those of aerial woods and larger roots. With the foliar applications, N concentration tended to increase in the permanent organs but not P and K, whereas soluble sugars and starch notably increased in shoot, trunk, or fine root regardless of the different applications. Results indicated that the foliar applications could partially help to restore fruit quality and carbohydrate accumulations in the defoliated trees.