• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

In order to establish environmentally friendly phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilizer application rates for rice cultivation in Korea, a field experiment was conducted in two different characterized paddy soils, higher and lower P and K content in soil from 2005 to 2006 in Suwon, Korea. Chuchong which is typical rice variety in Korea, was selected for experiment. Rice yields in base P-K fertilizer level ($30-30kg\;ha^{-1}$) and no P-K fertilizer level were 97~98% and 93~97% of standard P-K fertilizer level ($45-57kg\;ha^{-1}$), respectively. At the lower content of P and K in immatured paddy soil, the yield of no P plot was decreased by 7% compared to that of standard P-K plot. Significant difference in rice yield and yield characteristics was found neither in standard P-K fertilization plot nor in base P-K fertilization plot. There was no significant difference in P and K uptake at the harvest stage between standard P-K fertilizer plot and base P-K fertilizer plot. Phosphorus and K uptake was slightly decreased in no fertilizer plots compared to standard fertilizer plot. Phosphorus and K use efficiency of rice plant in base fertilizer plot was higher than that in standard fertilizer plot. Available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium content in soil at the harvest stage were increased in both standard and base fertilizer plot. But no significant difference of P and K content in ? was found between standard fertilizer plot and base fertilizer plot. Rice quality characteristics such as proportion of brewers rice, damaged kernel, broken rice, and content of amylose and protein were lowered in the base fertilizer plot than the standard fertilized plot, while the proportion of perfect kernel increased in the base fertilizer plot From the results, we generally recommend the base P-K fertilization ($30-30kg\;ha^{-1}$) instead of standard P-K fertilization ($45-57kg\;ha^{-1}$) for rice cultivation in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.221-234
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• 2016

The application of animal manure on farm fields is one of the most economical ways. However, the continuous application of manure in paddy fields might change soil properties influencing the growth of rice plant. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the changes in selected chemical and biological properties of soils and rice production as affected by the applications of two different fertilizer sources, which were the consecutive applications of liquid swine manure (LSM) and chemical fertilizer (CF), during the three experimental years, from 2012 to 2014. Application amount of LSM was based on 100% of nitrogen fertilizer recommendation rate for rice cultivation estimated by soil testing. Plant height and tiller number in rice at the first year of liquid swine manure manure plot were lower than those of chemical fertilizer plot. Height and tillers of rice in liquid swine manure plot were higher than those of rice in chemical fertilizer plot after consecutive application for 3 years. Rice yield In the first year of application was decreased by 7% than that of chemical fertilizer, but the yield of rice in the third year of application in LM 100% plot was increased by 8% compared to the chemical fertilizer. Toyo-taste value of milled rice in LM 100% was decreased by increasing of protein contents and decreasing rate of perfect grain. The K and Zn contents in the soil were increased in the plots of consecutive LSM application. The results implied that the liquid manure may neither decrease the yield of rice and nor increase soil properties except K and Zn in the soil, and decrease rice quality.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.38-44
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• 2017

As by-pass dust (BPD) made from cement manufactured process is designated waste, it is required to bury as high cost. The main component of BPD is potassium chloride (KCl), and used for the fertilizer. For using KCl to the fertilizer, the pH value of KCl is required as neutral or weak acid. However, it is not suitable to apply BPD into the fertilizer directly without any other treatment because BPD's pH value is shown 12.0~12.5; a high base. In this study, the carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) was used for removing calcium oxide (CaO) and reducing pH value during manufacturing process of KCl. We fixed inner condition of the carbon test chamber as $25^{\circ}C$-50RH%, and retained 0~7 hours under the 20 vol% of $CO_2$ atmosphere. After experiment, we analyzed the content of CaO and pH value from each samples. The more time exposed to $CO_2$, the content of CaO and pH value are shown. Furthermore, pH value exposed in 6 hours nearly reached 7.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 1998

A survey was conducted to investigate the status of soils involving pH, electrical conductivity, total organic matter content, available phosphate and major exchangeable cations in the paddy soils sampled from 1,168 sites throughout the country. The content of soil chemical properties was lower on the average than the optimum levels for cropping. An average value showed pH 5.6, organic matter $25g\;kg^{-1}$, available phosphate $128mg\;kg^{-1}$, available silicate $72mg\;kg^{-1}$, and exchangeable potassium and the calcium and magnesium were 0.32, 4.0, $1.2cmol^+\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Soil chemical properties was related with topography except soil pH. A soil pH and organic matter, available phosphate, exchangeable potassium increased with time while exchangeable calcium, magnesium available silicate decreased with time.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.372-380
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of soil properties for potato and Chinese cabbage after application adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the mounded highland soil from 1999 to 2001. Experimental plots were designed with control(NPK+Lime+Compost) and chemical improvement(Control+Application adding P and K). Mounded soil before field experiment of first year(1999) was low in organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, and the soil texture was loamy sand soil. After 3 years, the contents of soil organic matter increased a little, and available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium contents were remarkably increased. The crop growth in chemical improvement plot was better than control plot. Yield of chemical improvement plot in comparison with control plot was increased by 5~22% for potato and 6~25% for Chinese cabbage after 2~3 years.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 2017

This study was conducted to establish the type and method of fertilization for no-tillage during the third year of No-tillage (NT) and Conventional-tillage (CT) practices, towards different kinds of fertilizers. In this experiment, the livestock manure showed higher in response to fertilizer effects of no-tillage. Comparing growth characteristics and yield in NT and CT. Regarding yield, there is no significant between livestock fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, but between livestock fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in conventional fertilization has significant differences. Based on the result, livestock fertilizer is effective way on the quantity of the crop. Nitrogen absorption of plant in livestock of no-tillage is more effective than conventional fertilization. In case of the phosphorus absorption and potassium absorption of plant, fertilizer effect has no significant. Nitrogen is highly absorbed in livestock fertilization of NT. Absorption of phosphorus and potassium are similar.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of liquid pig manure application on soil chemical properties in rice - Chinese milkvetch rotation. Field experiment was designed with APLM 0 (Chinese milkvetch + Liquid pig manure $0L\;m^{-2}$), APLM 50 (Chinese milkvetch + Liquid pig manure $1.8L\;m^{-2}$), APLM 75 (Chinese milkvetch + Liquid pig manure $2.7L\;m^{-2}$) and APLM 100 (Chinese milkvetch + Liquid pig manure $3.6L\;m^{-2}$), respectively. The concentration of O.M, T-N, Avail. $P_2O_5$, K, Ca and Mg at different liquid pig manure levels in soil were generally high in the order of APLM 100 > APLM 75 > APLM 50 > APLM 0. Especially, T-N concentration of soil in APLM 100 was 1.4 times higher than APLM 0. The yield of rice in APLM 100 was $636kg\;10a^{-1}$ (increasing yield 5.3%) compared with APLM 0 in rice-Chinese milkvetch crop rotation. Therefore, application of liquid pig manure was useful in rice - Chinese milkvetch crop rotation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.77-83
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• 1981

In order to obtain an imformation on the exchangeable potassium and it's activity ratio to other cations in wet paddy top soil grown by rice, soil samples were taken from bottomless middle size (60cm in dia, and height, respectively) round concrete pot being car ride out with an experiment on the split application of potassium in relation to lime and analysed. The pot experiment was being conducted from 1974 at a farm of the City University of Seoul and the wet soil samples were taken from the paddy in the year of 1976. The samples were extracted with $0.1N-AlCl_3$ solution and analysed regarding the elements. Results obtained are as follows : 1. Less exchangeable potassium was extracted from the soils limed than those unlimed when the same amount of potassium was applied immediatly after flooding. However, when the Potassium was applied two weeks after flooding, the reverse was observed. The fact that the exchangeable potassium is increased in the case that potassium fertilizer applied two weeks after flooding explained as due either to the prohibiting effect of iron or less abserption of potassium by the crop. 2. A remarkable decrease of exchangeable potassium of soils was observed during the vigorous growth stage of rice. 3. The activity ratio of $\frac{K}{(Fe^{{+}{+}}){\frac{1}{2}}}$ was remarkabley low after July 16th at which the soil was considerably reduced. 4. The activity ratio $\frac{K^+}{NH^+}$ of limed soil lasted highly until July 16th. It may be resulted from slow progress of ammonification caused by high pH. 5. A positive correlation was found between $Fe^{{+}{+}}$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ under reduced condition. But there was no correlation between $Fe^{{+}{+}}$ and $K^+$ or $NH^+_4$, because that the concentrations of $K^+$ and $NH^+_4$ in soil fluctuates during growing season.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.443-453
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to find out proper potting medium and nutrient levels in the soil to promote the root nodule formation in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings. Commercial potting medium, compost, organic fertilizer, molded forest fertilizer, and compound fertilizer were used at different mixing rates to bring in various levels of mineral nutrients in the soil. Seedlings were grown in pots in a greenhouse for three months. Commercial potting medium containing peatmoss, vermiculite, and geolite was not suited for early nodule formation due to lack of nutrients, even though it produced good total dry weight. Compost was the best medium to promote both high total dry weight production and nodule formation with providing the proper levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. Molded forest fertilizer was acceptable for nodule formation. Compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer was not suited for nodule formation. The potting medium should contain optimum levels of nitrogen (0.05-0.2%) and phosphorus (100-600ppm) to promote early nodule formation in black locust seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.377-382
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• 2007

Porous mineral coating have been fabricated and applied for basic research on their slow release action to a fertilizer. Feldspar was selected as raw mineral for the coating and two different particle sizes of powder were prepared. Slow-release action was estimated by using a potassium sulfate fertilizer. Spherical pellets were prepared with a pan-type pelletizer and then screened into sizes ranging 1.4 to 2.35mm. While the fertilizer pellets were rotated in the pelletizer again, the feldspar powder and 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol solution were simultaneously sprayed on the pellets. The fertilizer pellets coated with feldspar powder were fabricated. The pellets were heated to increase their strength and screened to sort by coating thickness. Potassium releasing tests were conducted for 40 days and the performance for slow-release action was estimated as functions of the heating temperature, coating thickness and raw mineral powder size. The Burst effect caused high initial releasing rate. Releasing kinetics was proportional to concentration of potassium in pellets. The pellet that was fabricated with $27.4{\mu}m$-sized feldspar and heated at $1050^{\circ}C$ showed a releasing rate of 43% on the 40th day.