• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.899-910
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• 2016

Asymptotic tests are often not suitable for the analysis of sparse ordered contingency tables as asymptotic p-values may either overestimate or underestimate the true pvalues. In this pater, we describe permutation procedures in which we compute exact or resampling p-values for a weighted specific-category agreement in ordered $k{\times}k$ contingency tables. We use the weighted specific-category kappa proposed by $Kv{\dot{a}}lseth$ to measure the extent to which two independent raters agree on the specific categories. We carried out comparison studies between exact p-values, resampling p-values and asymptotic p-values using $3{\times}3$ contingency data (real and artificial data sets) and $4{\times}4$ artificial contingency data.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2018

In the wake of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the problem of career education in schools has become a big issue. While various studies are being conducted on services or technologies to effectively handle artificial intelligence and big data, in the field of education, data on students is simply processed. Therefore, in this paper, we are going to design and present career prediction programs for students using artificial intelligence and big data. Using observational data from students at the institute, the decision tree is constructed with the C4.5 algorithm known to be most intelligent and effective in the decision tree and is used to predict students' path of hope. As a result, the coefficient of kappa exceeded 0.7 and showed a fairly low average error of 0.1 degrees. As shown in this study, a number of studies and data will be deployed to help guide students in their consultation and to provide them with classroom attitudes and directions.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was investigated to the relationship ayurvedic constitution and each skin hydration and pH. Methods : The questionaire survey and skin analysis of female students attending university located in Chugnam was carried out in order to assess skin types according to ayurvedic constituion such as vata, pitta and kapha. Data analysis were used describe statistics, ANOVA in Duncan's multiple comparative test and Pearson's correlation by SPSS. Skin hydration and pH was measured by Corneometer and skin-pH meter. Results : The results of this study are as follows. First, in terms of knowledge of ayurvedic constitutional types most students are not aware of that. Second, the most common constitution in the ayurveda medical system was pitta. Third, in the analysis of skin type by constitution of ayurveda, vata had dry skin while pitta and kapha tended to have more combination skin. However, this result didn't show any statistically significant difference either. Forth, the analysis of skin tone by constitution of ayurveda showed that vata was white, and pitta and kapha were just average. Discussion and Conclusion : The results of this study was shown that the difference between Korean and Indian, so we should develop effective diagnosis tool for Korean people. In the future, we expect that ayurvedic skin and body program developed by this study spread and practical use at esthetic industry and domain of esthetics in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6254-6259
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• 2015

On the optical system and the system itself of the noise of the noise from the outside always present. This noise is to function as reducing performance of the optical system. Therefore, the probability of error, thereby changing the system. In this paper, the error probability of the optical system due to changes in various values by introducing the characteristic variable the value of the optical system was calculated using the ${\kappa}$-square method. Was confirmed also in accordance with the calculation result is an error probability of the optical system changes, it was confirmed that when the value of the holding case for holding the standard about 400 Lux on the probability of the optical system. This case was found to be an optical system using a light source with a low output, so that means the smaller output is no problem to maintain the error probability value of the optical system is large. This means that more effective and less expensive to implement because it means that the optical system does not require the use of pre-amplifier for amplifying the signal at the receiving end of an optical system using a light source with a low output when the normal case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.535-544
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• 2018

Autonomous driving can be limited by only using sensors if the sensor is blocked by sudden changes in surrounding environments or large features such as heavy vehicles. In order to overcome the limitations, the precise road-map has been used additionally. This study was conducted to segment and classify road objects using 3D point cloud data acquired by terrestrial mobile mapping system provided by National Geographic Information Institute. For this study, the original 3D point cloud data were pre-processed and a filtering technique was selected to separate the ground and non-ground points. In addition, the road objects corresponding to the lanes, the street lights, the safety fences were initially segmented, and then the objects were classified using the support vector machine which is a kind of machine learning. For the training data for supervised classification, only the geometric elements and the height information using the eigenvalues extracted from the road objects were used. The overall accuracy of the classification results was 87% and the kappa coefficient was 0.795. It is expected that classification accuracy will be increased if various classification items are added not only geometric elements for classifying road objects in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.166-175
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• 2019

The constitution of traditional medicine is distinguished from modern medicine. Sasang medicine describe the constitution which is classified as functional intensity of the lung, spleen, liver and kidney. The functional strength of each part of the human body is not the same in each constitution, and this imbalance is considered as a major factor of the disease. Ayurveda is identified the balance of the three dosha in our body is the basis of health maintenance. The reason for the illness is due to the imbalance among vata which express energy metabolism, pitta which plays a role in metabolism and digestion, and kapha which controls body temperature. The two theories which include knowing the characteristics and trends of diseases according to their constitution, the approach of treatment and the health care of daily life. They are also considered as convergent area about treatment methods in the modern society where individual characteristics and lifestyle are emphasized. The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of constitutional basis for increasing patient satisfaction and to help diversity of treatment in preventive medical area by comparing and analyzing the theory of Sasang and Ayurveda.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2022

Neuropeptides produced in neurosecretory cells are the largest group of insect hormones. They regulate various physiological functions, such as fat body homeostasis, feeding, digestion, excretion, circulation, reproduction, metamorphosis, and behavior throughout all life stages. The PRXamide peptide family (X, a variable amino acid) is a well-characterized neuropeptide component with a common amino acid sequence, PRXamide (NH₂), at the C-terminal end conserved across Insecta. The PRXamide peptides are classified into three subfamilies, each having diverse biological roles in insects: (1) pyrokinin (PK) includes the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) and the diapause hormone (DH), (2) the capability (CAPA) peptides, and (3) the ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH). PBAN as a member of PK subfamily was first identified to stimulate pheromone biosynthesis in moths three decades ago. Since then, PBAN peptides have been extensively studied by various research groups from a broad spectrum of arthropods. In this paper, we briefly review insect PBAN molecules with emphasis on gene structure and expression, signal transduction, physiological mechanism in sex pheromone biosynthesis, and application for pest management.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_2
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• pp.837-847
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• 2023

In this study, we explored a method for assessing the extent of damage caused by chemical substances at an accident site through the use of a vegetation index. Data collection involved the deployment of two different drone types, and the damaged area was determined using photogrammetry technology from the 3D point cloud data. To create a vegetation index image, we utilized spectral band data from a multi-spectral sensor to generate an orthoimage. Subsequently, we conducted statistical analyses of the accident site with respect to the damaged area using a predefined threshold value. The Kappa values for the vegetation index, based on the near-infrared band and the green band, were found to be 0.79 and 0.76, respectively. These results suggest that the vegetation index-based approach for analyzing damage areas can be effectively applied in investigations of chemical accidents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.246-255
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• 2009

The development of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is based on food use and/or dish use. Regardless of potential effect of oils and seasonings on chronic diseases, most of food-based FFQs do not include oils and seasonings in calculation of nutrient intake. This study examined the effect of added (seasoning) oils and seasonings on the distribution of subjects by relative nutrient intake using a dish-based FFQ. The subjects were 1,303 persons (men 478, women 825) aged over 20 years old, who completed FFQ composed of 121 items. Three types of daily nutrient intake were calculated; 1) total nutrient intake with oils and seasonings, 2) nutrient intake without oils, and 3) nutrient intake without oils and seasonings. The correlation and agreement of classification of subjects by relative nutrient intake were examined. All analyses were performed using absolute nutrient intakes and total energy-adjusted nutrient intakes by residual method. Comparing total nutrient intake with the nutrient intake without oils, energy, vegetable fat and vitamin E intake were significantly decreased and kappa values were 0.95 (${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.98), 0.64 (${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.81), and 0.59 (${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.79), respectively. Comparing total nutrient intake with the nutrient intake without oils and seasonings, most of nutrients intake except animal fat, animal protein, retinol and cholesterol were significantly decreased, and kappa values of vegetable fat (${\kappa}$ = 0.64, ${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.81), vitamin E (${\kappa}$ = 0.59, ${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.79) and sodium (${\kappa}$ = 0.61, ${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.80) were under 0.80. After total energy was adjusted, agreement was lower than before total energy adjustment. Excluding oils and seasonings to assess nutrient intake underestimated vegetable fat, vitamin E and sodium intake and affected the distribution of subjects by their relative nutrient intake. Therefore, we suggest that research focused on these nutrients need to be cautious about the interpretation of the results.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2013

Purpose : To retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) in detecting recurrent prostate cancer after HIFU of clinically localized cancer, as compared with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with increased prostate-specific antigen levels after HIFU were included in this study. All MR examinations were performed using T2WI and DCE-MRI, followed by transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. MRI and biopsy results were correlated in six prostate sectors. Residual or recurrent cancer after HIFU was defined as local tumor progression if biopsy results showed any cancer foci. Two independent readers interpreted the MR images. Results: Of 156 prostate sectors, 51 (33%) were positive for cancer in 17 patients. For detecting local tumor progression, the sensitivity of DCE-MRI and T2WI was 80% and 57% for reader 1 (P < 0.001) versus 84% and 61% for reader 2 (P < 0.001), respectively. The specificity and overall accuracy between DCE-MRI and T2WI showed no statistical difference in both readers (P > 0.05). Interobserver agreement of DCE-MRI and T2WI was moderate and fair, respectively. Conclusion: For detecting local tumor progression of prostate cancer after HIFU, DCE-MRI was more sensitive than T2WI, with less interobserver variability.