• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.5
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• pp.21-31
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• 2023

Korean ginseng, a special product of Korea, has been one of the most important exports since the era of the Three Kingdoms. However, not many records were kept about ginseng in Korea until the Goryeo Dynasty. This paper summarizes the records relating to international diplomatic relations and trade of ginseng in the Goryeo Dynasty and the medicinal books known to have been published at the time. During the Goryeo Dynasty, ginseng was actively transported to the neighboring countries of Bohai, Song, Wa, Later Jin, and Yuan as a diplomatic gift or as a trade item. Ginseng was mainly exported from Goryeo to these countries, but it was also received as a diplomatic gift from Bohai and Khitan. Arabian merchants came to Byeokran Port, a representative international trading port of Goryeo, and traded ginseng. After the Mongol invasion, the demand for ginseng in the Yuan Dynasty was excessive, which became a big social problem. During the Goryeo Dynasty, several medicinal books were published, including Jejungiphyobang, Eouuichwalyobang, Hyangyakgobang, Samhwajahyangyakbang, Hyangyak Hyemin Gyeongheombang, Hyangyak Gugeupbang, and Biyebaekyobang. Hyangyak Gugeupbang, which was reprinted during the Joseon Dynasty, has been handed down to the present time, although this has not been the case for the originals of the remaining books. Recently, some of the latter books have been restored through the study of the references in various medicinal books of later generations. While the medicinal books used in the royal court showed that a high proportion of the prescriptions containing ginseng, not a single prescription for ginseng has been found in theHyangyak Gugeupbang, which was mainly used for commoners. This is thought to be because ginseng was very rare and expensive at the time, so it was difficult for commoners to access it.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2022

The spread of invasive alien plants is one of the most important causes of habitat and biodiversity loss. This research was conducted to secure basic data for the control of the invasive alien plant Solidago altissima. The following research objects were examined: the control; one-time mowing in June (1M6); two-time mowing in June and July (2M6M7); one-time mowing in Jun plus one-time Uprooting in July (2M6U7). The length growth in October, when the growth of S. altissima was completed, was in the order of control (199±19.96 cm), 1M6 (152±13.41 cm), 2M6U7 (54±3.17 cm), and 2M6M7 (45±19.96 cm). The 2M6M7 and 2M6U7 treatment was the most effective at inhibiting S. altissima of density, of 50.8% and 26.2% compared to the control, respectively. In contrast, one-time mowing (1M6) resulted in an increase in density compared to the control by 119.7%. In addition, this treatment also reduced flowering rate (%) of S. altissima. The most effective treatment among those tested was 2M6U7.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.133-171
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• 2023

This study was conducted to prepare basic data by analyzing the biological values and environmental factors of algific talus slope in order to respond to climate change due to the greenhouse effect, and to establish plans for forest biodiversity preserving and managing. Meteorological information was measured and the flora of vascular plants were investigated for six algific talus slope by seasonally from 2020 to 2021. As a result of the investigation, the temperature of all 6 algific talus slope was lower than that of the area where the algific talus slope was located in summer, and flora was 101 families, 350 genera, 621 species, 18 subspecies, 57 variants, 7 varieties, 703 taxa. In sum, it is judged that the algific talus slope has sufficient reasons and value to be preserved because it has excellent micrometeorological value from the cold wind blowing in summer and phytogeographical value in which various plants live in a small area. However, in spite of such an important area, the management of algific talus slope is insufficient, and the algific talus slope is damaged or the ecosystem of the algific talus slope is disturbed. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a systematic conservation and management plan by designating algific talus slope as a forest genetic resource reserve and OECM.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2023

The main factor of biodiversity decline in major biological populations around the world is invasion of alien species. To protect native species, it is necessary to manage alien species. Recently, to eradicate ecosystem disturbance caused by alien species in Korea, many efforts have been made to capture individuals using nets and purchase captured individuals. However, there is no standard for classifying species due to the form of nest site or external characteristics of eggs of freshwater turtles. Thus, Mauremys reevesii eggs might be discarded due to mistaking as eggs of alien turtles. Based on more data, this study aims to compare and analyze external differences among eggs of Trachemys scripta elegans, Pseudemys concinna, and M. reevesii and use them as reference materials in the process of eradicating alien turtles. This study measured characteristics of eggs of the three turtle species. As a result of comparison, all variables of external characteristics of alien turtles and M. reevesii eggs showed significant differences. The shape of egg was also different, with eggs of T. scripta elegans and P. concinna showing a bicone shape and those of M. reevesii showing an ellipsoid shape. In conclusion, based on results of previous studies and the present study, eggs of M. reevesii, T. scripta elegans, and P. concinna are different in shape and structure. Thus, it is possible to distinguish between M. reevesii and invasive alien turtle using their eggs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.25 no.1 s.66
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• pp.27-32
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• 1986

To establish a method for measuring varietal resistance against rice stem maggot in field and pot, 20 varieties were used in $1981{\sim}1983$. The degree of injured stems by the 1st generation larvae was significantly correlated with that of injured panicles by the 2nd ($r=0.864^{**}$). There was no ovipositional preference in rice stem maggot. The larval mortality after artificial infestation varied widly from 5.6 to 100% in varieties and that of the resistant varieties was high after boring. There was a negative correlation between number of injured leaves and larval mortality after artificial infestation ($'81:r=-0.833^{**},\;'82:r=-0.918^{**}$). It is considered that larval mortality mainly caused by antibiosis and larval mortality 20 days after infestation on rice seedlings is ideal for evaluating the varietal resistance to rice stem maggot. Resistant varieties are Nagdongbyeo, Jinjubyeo and Chucheongbyeo susceptible varieties, Keumgangbyeo, Milyang 23, Baigyangbyeo and Milyang 30.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.465-474
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• 2023

As the effective use and strong protection of an organization's information resources are recognized as a condition for the growth of an organization, they are increasing technological and policy investments in IS(information security). However, information exposure can occur from external invasions such as hacking and incidents related to misuse and abuse by insiders. This study proposes a mechanism that considers the organizational environment and individual characteristics from the viewpoint of promoting employees' IS participation activities. In other words, the study presents the complex effects of organizational environmental factors (ethical leadership, IS collaborative communication) and personal factors (person-organization fit) on organization trust and IS voice behavior. We surveyed office workers who asked for IS-related business activities and tested hypotheses using 422 samples. As a result, ethical leadership influenced organization trust through collaborative communication, and organization trust strengthened IS voice behavior by having an interaction effect with person-organization fit. This study suggests direction for establishing an organizational environment for promoting IS-related activities by office workers, so it provides practical implications for organizations with goals related to internal information exposure control.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2022

Paspalum distichum and P. distichum var. indutum are perennial weeds of the family Poaceae that prefer moist environments such as waterfronts and waterways. The origin of both species is North America. P. distichum is distributed all over the world. However, P. distichum var. indutum occurs only in the United States, Japan, and Korea. For this reason, in many countries, P. distichum and P. distichum var. indutum are classified as the same species. In other words, P. distichum var. indutum is a different ecological type of P. distichum. Both species can reproduce and spread mainly by rhizome fragments rather than seeds. This rhizome has a characteristic that it does not germinate if it is buried in the ground with depth of more than 3 cm. As a management method for P. distichum and P. distichum var. indutum in agricultural lands (paddy fields), it is effective to combine cultural control and chemical control methods. In other words, combining deep plowing and harrowing can suppress the budding of water sparrow that has invaded paddy fields or fallow paddy fields. After that, these two species that germinate can be controlled by spraying soil treatment herbicides such as butachlor and thiobencarb or foliar treatment herbicides such as cyhalofop-butyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.305-315
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• 2001

In this study, the production of transgenic embryo was attempted by microinjection or round spermatid cultured with foreign DNA. At first, the expression of haploid spermatids specific gene, mTP1 in mouse and hPrm2 in hamster spermatids were investigated by RT-PCR method in testes of young mice and hamster testis. The specific gene expression first appeared at 18 days post partum (dpp) in mice spermatid and 20 dpp in hamster spermatid. Therefore, the round spermatids isolated from 17 dpp mice and 19 dpp hamster were used for the introduction of foreign EGFP gene into haploid round spermatids. For the introduction of EGFP gene haploid round spermatids suspended in medium including EGFP gene were treated with a different electric field strength at 0.11, 0.18 and 0.44 ㎸/cm. After electrical stimulation, viability of testicular sperm cells and 67.6%, 66.4% and 49.9%, in mice and 62.6%, 57.9% and 27% in hamster, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those of non-treated control groups 80.5% in mouse and 69.1% in hamster After 72 hrs culture, the highest expression rate of EGFP gene, 28.5% in mice and 32.1% in hamster were obtained from tile spermatogenic cells electroporated by the field strength or 0.18 ㎸/cm. Then, the ability of fertilization and embryonic development of haploid spermatids transfected with foreign EGFP gene were estimated by the microinjection of spermatids into hamster oocytes. The Irate pronuclear formation rate (77.5%) was lower than non-treated control (80%), and the cleavage rate of the treated group (58.8%) was lower than control (65%). To prove the foreign EGFP integration in hamster embryos, 2-cell stage hamster embryos were subjected to the observation under the fluorescence microscope, and the PCR analysis. As a result, about 44% of 2-cell embryos were showed the integration of EFGP gene into their genome. Therefore, These results suggest the possibility to produce transgenic hamsters by microinjection of haploid spermatid transfected with foreign DNA.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.135-158
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the characteristics that make Guillermo del Toro's film Pan's Labyrinth (2006) a fantasy film, and the meaning and function of the labyrinth motifs closely related to it. Tzvetan Todorov defined the 'fantastic' as the hesitation between natural and supernatural interpretations in the face of supernatural events that invade reality. In Pan's Labyrinth, the fantastic continues to be seen, because the film does not allow the hesitation to disappear; thus, the fantastic does not enter the 'uncanny' genre or 'marvelous' genre, and because it keeps its fantastic state. In this case, the labyrinth symbolizes art as a passage into the fantastic world and a space that represents it. Rosemary Jackson saw the fantasy as a "literature of desire to compensate for a lack resulting from cultural constraints" and thus repeatedly dealing with unconscious materials. Del Toro's film shows the character of the fantastic as an expression of desire by allowing 'family romance' to take place in the fantastic world. In this case, the labyrinth symbolizes the mind as a place of desire. Kathryn Hume defined fantasy as a reaction to reality, like mimesis, and 'departure from consensus reality.' The film, operating in a 'vision' genre, satisfies its definition by allowing the fantastic world to illuminate the reality world through 'contrastive' technique, and brings out the fantastic it has. In this case, the labyrinth symbolizes the world as a mirror of the world of reality. Thus, Pan's Labyrinth is representative of fantastic film in that the fantastic functions very effectively, and the labyrinth appearing in this film can be evaluated as a motif that is full of meaning by symbolizing all three elements of art, world and mind. The significance of this paper is to shed light on how a motif works in a particular genre through the above considerations.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.303-314
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• 2018

In the past few years, government agencies and corporations have succumbed to stealthy, tailored cyberattacks designed to exploit vulnerabilities, disrupt operations and steal valuable information. Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) is useful tool for cyberattacks. SIEM solutions are available in the market but they are too expensive and difficult to use. Then we implemented basic SIEM functions to research and development for future security solutions. We focus on collection, aggregation and analysis of real-time logs from host. This tool allows parsing and search of log data for forensics. Beyond just log management it uses intrusion detection and prioritize of security events inform and support alerting to user. We select Elastic Stack to process and visualization of these security informations. Elastic Stack is a very useful tool for finding information from large data, identifying correlations and creating rich visualizations for monitoring. We suggested using vulnerability check results on our SIEM. We have attacked to the host and got real time user activity for monitoring, alerting and security auditing based this security information management.