• Title/Summary/Keyword: 친환경 잡초 방제

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Effect of Various Organic Materials on Weed Control in Environment-friendly Rice Paddy Fields (벼 친환경재배에서 다양한 유기자원별 잡초방제효과)

  • Kwon, Oh-Do;Park, Heung-Gyu;An, Kyu-Nam;Lee, Yeen;Shin, Seo-Ho;Shin, Gil-Ho;Shin, Hae-Ryoung;Kuk, Yong-In
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.272-281
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    • 2010
  • The objective of this research was to find out the weed management techniques in environment-friendly rice paddy fields through the study on herbicidal effects and problems of various organic materials. This experiment was conducted under different conditions of weed species and weed densities in environment-friendly rice paddy fields. There was no difference in weedy efficacy on golden apple snail (GAS), paper mulching (PM), and machine weeding (MW) between low and high weed densities. However, the effect of weed control in rice bran (RB) and effective microorganism (EM) + molasses was higher in high weed density than in low weed density. In general, the effect of weed control as affected by various organic materials was in the order of GAS (97-100%) > PM (93-98%) > RB (15-80%) > EM (7-31%). GAS provided excellent control of all weed species tested except for Persicaria hydropiper. PM gave acceptable control of the weed species except for Echinochloa crus-galli, Ludwigia prostrata, and Eleocharis kuroguwai. However, MW gave fair control (70% biomass reduction) of all weed species tested. BR followed by MW or EM followed by MW treatments had similar effect on weed control compared to each treatment alone. However, BR followed by GAS or EM followed by GAS provided 100% control of weed species tested. The level of rice foliar injury caused by various organic materials was in the order of GAS and MW (10-20%) > RB (10-15%) > PM and EM (5-7%). Typical symptoms of organic materials are wilting, inhibition of growth, missing hill, and reduction of tiller. Cost for weed control of GAS, RB, EM, and PM were 2.1, 3.1, 2.3, and 13.2 times higher than that of the herbicide. These data indicate that GAS was the best method for weed management in environmentfriendly rice paddy fields. Further study is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the rice injury as affected by GAS.

친환경농업 - 유기농 고추밭의 잡초관리

  • Lee, Byeong-Mo
    • 농업기술회보
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.22-23
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    • 2010
  • 고추는 여름철에 왕성하게 생육하는 여름잡초들과 빛 양분, 수분을 두고 경합하게 된다. 따라서 이들 잡초들을 관리하지 못하면 고추의 많은 수량 감소가 발생한다. 고추밭에 주로 발생하는 잡초는 바랭이, 쇠비름, 방동사니, 깨풀, 돌피, 명아주 등이 있으나, 이들 외에도 가끔 발생하는 쑥, 메꽃 등의 다년생 잡초와 자생능력이 큰 실새삼 등은 초기에 적극적으로 방제하지 않으면 대 발생할 수 있으므로 주의가 필요하다.

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Yield Response of Red Pepper by Densities of D. ciliaris and A. patulus in Eco-firendly Cultivated Field (친환경 고추밭 바랭이와 가는털비름 발생밀도에 따른 고추 수량 반응)

  • Won, Jong-Gun;Jang, Kil-Su;Hwang, Ji-Eun;Kwon, Oh-Hun;Kwon, Tae-Young;Moon, Byeong-Chul
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.1 no.4
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to predict the yield response of red pepper and to determine the economic weed threshold levels for red pepper cultivation field from competition with the most serious weeds, Amaranthus patulus and Digitaria ciliaris in Youngyang of Korea. Crop yield as a function of weed density was predicted by using a rectangular hyperbola, and their economic threshold levels were determined by using the equation developed by Cousens (1987). The red pepper yield loss models of weeds were predicted as y=304.7/(1+0.063x), $R^2$=0.967 in D. ciliaris and y=281.3/(1+0.1723x), $R^2$=0.952 in A. patulus. Economic thresholds calculated using Cousens' equation were negatively related with the competitiveness of weed. Economic thresholds of each weed were calculated as 18.2 plant $100m^{-2}$ in D ciliaris, and 7.2 plant $100m^{-2}$ in A. patulus.

Evaluation of Rice Bran Pellet for Environment-sound Weed Control in Paddy Fields (쌀겨 펠렛을 이용한 친환경 논 잡초 방제)

  • Seo, Young-Ho;Moon, Youn-Gi;Choi, Jun-Keun;Kang, An-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 2009
  • Weed control is one of the important and difficult practices in environment-sound agriculture. This study was conducted to establish environment-sound weed control in paddy fields using rice bran pellet. Application of rice bran pellet at a rate of 1${\sim}$3 Mg $ha^{-1}$ reduced weed occurrence by 46${\sim}$69% without using any chemical herbicide. However, rice bran application at a rate of greater than 2 Mg $ha^{-1}$ increased protein content in milled rice and decreased palatability value. Therefore, fertilization rate before transplanting needs to be reduced from $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ = 55-45-40 kg $ha^{-1}$ to 28-23-20 kg $ha^{-1}$, in order to decrease protein content and increase palatability value without decreasing rice yield. Pyroligneous acid and brown rice vinegar had a relatively weak activity to inhibit weed emergence compared with rice bran. When butachlor herbicide was applied at a rate of 0.75 kg $ha^{-1}$, 50% of recommended rate, co-application of rice bran pellet at a rate of 1 Mg $ha^{-1}$ enhanced weed control value from 63% to 75%.

Report on the 54th annual meeting of the weed science society of Japan (일본잡초학회에서 본 일본의 잡초연구 동향)

  • Hwang, Jae-Bok;Kim, Kyung-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.335-339
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    • 2015
  • This paper reviews current status of weed science in Japanese regional agricultural systems based on the 54th Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of Japan. About 300 researchers from 5 countries including Korea participated in the Conference and presented 100 papers in research areas. This congress has an purpose to discuss new troubles, findings and results of weed science. Weed science faces big challenges such as increase in herbicide-resistant weeds, gene-flow from transgenic crops, and invasive weeds. Major research topics were invasive weeds and their ecology, allelopathy, weed management in paddy field, weed management in field crops, and herbicide resistance. Weed control and herbicide resistance management in paddy field were a main object of research. To prevent the increase of problematic weeds and to overcome food crisis, the importance of weed-related researches has been raised. Therefore it is expected that various weed management systems and control of herbicide resistant weeds should be studied continuously in the weed science.

Weedy Control Efficacy and Injury of Rice Plant by Golden Apple Snail(Pomacea canaliculata) in Environment-friendly Rice Paddy Fields (벼 친환경재배에서 왕우렁이의 잡초방제효과 및 피해)

  • Kwon, Oh-Do;Park, Heung-Gyu;An, Kyu-Nam;Lee, Yeen;Shin, Seo-Ho;Shin, Gil-Ho;Shin, Hae-Ryoung;Kuk, Yong-In
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.282-290
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    • 2010
  • The objective of this research was to discover the best method for weed management in environment-friendly rice paddy fields through the study on the effect of weed control and injury levels of rice plants as affected by size, input time, and input amount of golden apple snail (GAS). The efficacy of weed control as affected by GAS when applied at 5, 10, and 15 days after transplanting (DAT) was 98, 89, and 58%, respectively. The efficacy of weed control had declined as late the input time of GAS. On the other hand, the efficacy of weed control as affected by rice bran followed by GAS treatment was higher than by GAS treatment alone. Weed species such as Persicaria hydropiper, Echinochloa crus-galli, Scirpus juncoides, and Monochoria vaginalis were not completely controlled by GAS when applied late. Input amount and time of adult GAS (70 days after hatching) for effective weed control were 3 kg $10a^{-1}$ at 5 DAT, 6-7 kg $10a^{-1}$ at 10 DAT, and 7 kg $10a^{-1}$ at 15 DAT. Input time and amount of young GAS (35 days after hatching) for effective weed control were 0 day after harrow (DAH) and 1 kg $10a^{-1}$, respectively. The young GAS when applied 0 DAH at 1 kg $10a^{-1}$ provided 100% control of P. hydropiper, E. crus-galli, S. juncoides, M. vaginalis, Ludwigia prostrata, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria trifolia and Cyperus difformis. The rice foliar injury caused by adult (3 kg $10a^{-1}$) and young (1 kg $10a^{-1}$) GAS were 5-7% and 1% respectively. There was no significant difference in rice injury by size and input amount of GAS on plant height and number of tiller. These data indicate that the young GAS when applied 1 kg $10a^{-1}$ at 0 day after harrow was the best method for weed management in environment-friendly rice paddy fields.

Herbicidal Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, a Biodegradable Photodynamic Substance (생분해성 광활성 물질 5-aminolevulinic acid의 제초활성)

  • Chon, Sang-Uk;Kim, Young-Min
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2007
  • Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the herbicidal effect of two types of ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), microbiologically-produced ALA (Bio-ALA) and synthetically produced ALA (Synthetic-ALA), on plant growth and chlorophyll content of Chinese cabbage. ALA effect on early plant growth was greatly concentration dependant, showing significant inhibition at higher concentrations. Both pre- and post-emergence application of ALA exhibited significant degree of photodynamic phytotoxicity. Older plants with many leaves were more tolerant to ALA than younger plants, showing less injury. No significant difference in herbicidal activity of two types of ALA, Bio-ALA and Synthetic-ALA, on plant height and chlorophyll content of Chinese cabbage was observed. However, residual biological activity and physico-chemical properties of Synthetic-ALA were more stable than those of Bio-ALA. Our results suggest that ALA had herbicidal potential with both pre- and post-emergence application, and that the chemical may be a valuable mean of eco-friendly weed control based on natural microbial substance.

Weed Occurrence and Rice Yield as Affected by Environment Friendly Farming Methods (친환경 농법에 따른 논 잡초발생 차이와 벼 수량에 끼치는 영향)

  • Cho, Kwang-Min;Lee, Sang-Bok;Kim, Sun;An, Xue-Hua;Chun, Jae-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.279-288
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    • 2011
  • To suggest the weed management technique for environment friendly rice cultivation, we investigated occurrence patterns of weeds, the actual condition of weed management, and rice yield at the environment friendly agricultural complex located in Honam and Chungnam regions. The practical performance of weed management was relatively satisfactory in decreasing order of agricultural technique with golden-apple-snail (GAS) > agricultural technique with duck (Duck) > agricultural technique with rice bran (RB) > agricultural technique with soft-shelled turtle (ST). In the rice fields employed by agricultural technique with GAS, the dominant weeds were Echinochloa crus-galli, Ludwigia prostrata, Monochoria vaginalis, Sagittaria trifolia, and Aneilema keisak. However, E. crus-galli, M. vaginalis, L. prostrata, Aeschynomene indica and Bidens frondosa were found as dominant weeds at the fields using the Duck and E. crus-galli, M. vaginalis, L. prostrata, Polyganum hydropiper and Eleocharis kuroguwai at the fields using RB. In comparison of rice yield ($5.2\;MT\;ha^{-1}$) obtained from the conventional cultivation using herbicides, about 93% was reached by Duck, about 91% by GAS, about 92% by RB, and about 78% by ST. When rice qualities obtained from environment friendly rice cultivation were compared with those from the conventional cultivation, the producing rates of perfect kernel, immature kernel, immature opaque kernel, cracked rice, and damaged kernel were lower in the former cultivation, whereas contents of protein, amylose, and fatty acid were similar in the two cultivation methods. The problems found in the environment friendly agriculture were poor plowing and harrowing, carless irrigation management, and geological poor condition as cultivation area with cold water. These have caused severe infestation of weeds, frequent incident of disease and insect pest, and rice lodging. This resulted in reduction of rice yield as high as about 32 to 79% as compared with the conventional cultivation using herbicides.