• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.50-55
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of arterial embolization on sacral and pelvic giant cell tumor (GCT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 9 patients who had undergone serial arterial embolization between December 1996 and May 2008. We analyzed the clinical outcomes and therapeutic responsiveness of arterial embolization on sacral and pelvic GCT. Results: Six of 9 cases showed progression of disease (PD) status, even if 5 cases showed PD status despite of additional treatments including surgery and radiation, implying that serial arterial embolization on sacral and pelvic GCT is not effective. Three of 9 cases showed stable disease (SD) or continuous disease free (CDF) status and we analyzed associated factors with these good responses for embolization by ${\chi}^2$ test. The number of feeding vessels under six (p=0.048) and the number of collateral arterial supply under three (p=0.048) in the first angiogram showed significant relationships with good response for embolization, while remaining tumor staining by contrast after the first embolization and repeated embolization times were not significant. Conclusion: Although serial arterial embolization is not an effective modality on sacral and pelvic giant cell tumors, it may be a pilot modality under narrow indication of tumors with poor vascularity at first angiogram.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.212-215
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• 2005

Renal artery stenosis is a major cause of renovascular hypertension and the most common cause of treatable secondary hypertension. There are several methods to treat renal artery stenosis, including surgery, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty(PTRA), and renal artery stenting(RAS). But, renal artery embolization can be tried in atherosclerotic stenosis, multiple stenosis, microaneurysm, and stenosis difficult to try PTRA or RAS. We report a case of renovascular hypertension in a 14-year-old female who had multiple segmental renal artery stenosis. Hypertension was controlled by renal ablation therapy with renal artery embolization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.363-371
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• 2024

Purpose Acute cholecystitis is a complication of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) that occasionally requires surgical intervention. We aimed to analyze the incidence and risk factors of cholecystitis requiring surgical intervention in patients with embolic material uptake on cone beam CT (CBCT) performed immediately after various TACE procedures. Materials and Methods After a retrospective review of 2633 TACE procedures performed over a 6-year period, 120 patients with embolic material retention in the gallbladder wall on CBCT immediately after TACE were selected. We analyzed the incidence of and risk factors for acute cholecystitis. Results The overall incidence of acute cholecystitis requiring surgical intervention was 0.45% (12 of 2633 TACE procedures); however, it was present in 10% (12 of 120) of procedures that showed high-density embolic material retention in the gallbladder wall on CBCT performed immediately after TACE. Acute cholecystitis requiring surgical intervention occurred in eight patients (66.7%) who underwent direct cystic arterial embolization. Surgical intervention was performed 15 days (mean) after TACE. Conclusion Most unintended chemolipiodol deposits in the gallbladder wall resolved without intervention or surgery. However, superselective direct cystic arterial chemoembolization was associated with a high incidence of acute cholecystitis requiring surgery, and patients who undergo this procedure should be closely monitored.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.887-897
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• 2022

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC) in acutely ruptured cerebral aneurysms without severe symptoms, and thus, the usefulness of the stent itself in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages. Materials and Methods From January 2017 to June 2019, 118 patients were treated with coil embolization for acutely ruptured cerebral aneurysms without severe symptoms (Hunt & Hess grade ≤ 3). The periprocedural complications, six-month modified Rankin scores (mRS), and six-month radiologic outcomes were compared between 56 patients with SAC and 62 patients without SAC (non-SAC). Results The rate of good clinical outcomes (mRS ≤ 2), as well as the rate of hemorrhagic and ischemic complications, showed no significant difference between the SAC and non-SAC groups. Moreover, compared to the non-SAC group, the SAC group showed a lower recanalization rate on the six-month follow-up angiogram (20% vs. 39.3%, p = 0.001). Conclusion Although stent use was not significantly associated with clinical outcomes in coil embolization of ruptured cerebral aneurysms with non-severe symptoms (Hunt & Hess grade ≤ 3), it significantly decreased the rate of recanalization on follow-up cerebral angiograms.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 1995

Background: Transcather arterial embolization has been established as an effective means to control hemoptysis, especially in patients with decreased pulmonary function such as postpneumonectomy patients and those with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We evaluated the effect of arterial embolization and analysed the correlation of the clinical and angiographic characteristics and investigated the clinical course and outcome after arterial embolization in the patients with significant hemoptysis. Method: 58 patients with massive or recurrent hemoptysis underwent transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of hemoptysis from April 1992 to Sept. 1993. Results: Most common cause of hemoptysis was pulmonary tuberculosis(34 cases, 58.3%). Embolized vessels responsible for hemoptysis were 56 bronchial arteries and 32 nonbronchial systemic arteries. Initial most common angiographic findings were hypervascularity and shunt. Initial success rate of hemoptysis control revealed 81.1%. However, 15 of 58 patients(25.9%) showed recurrence of hemoptysis after transcatheter arterial embolization. The complications(18 cases, 31%) such as chest pain, fever, voiding difficulty, atelectasis, paralytic ileus and unwanted embolization were occured. Conclusion: Transcatheter arterial embolization is useful and relatively safe treatment modality for immediate bleeding control of patients with massive hemoptysis or inoperable cases. The further evaluation of the long term results according to the embolized material and underlying pulmonary disease will be required.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.590-599
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• 1996

Background : Bronchial artery embolization has been established as an effective means to control hemoptysis, especially in patients with decreased pulmonary function and those with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We evaluated the effect of arterial embolization in immediate control of massive hemoptysis and investigated the clinical and angiographic characteristics and the course of patients with reccurrent hemoptysis after initial succeseful embolization. Another purpose of this study was to find predictive that cause rebleeding after bronchial artery embolization. Method : We reviewed 47 cases that underwent bronchial artery embolization for the management of massive hemoptysis, retrospectively. We analyzed angiographic findings in all cases before bronchial artery embolization and also reviewed the angiographic findings of patients that underwent additional bronchial artery embolization for the control of reccurrent hemoptysis to find the clauses of rebleeding. Results : 1) Underlying causes of hemoptysis were pulmonary tuberculosis(n=35), bronchiectasis(n=5), aspergilloma(n=2), lung cancer(n=2), pulmonary A-V malformation(n=1), and unknown cases(n=2). 2) Overal immediate success rate was 94%(n=44), an6 recurrence rate was 40%(n=19). 3) The prognostic factors such as bilaterality, systemic-pulmonary artery shunt, multiple feeding arteries and degree of neovascularity were not statistically correlated with rebleeding tendency (p value>0.05). 4) At additional bronchial artery embolization, Revealed recannalization of previous embolized arteries were 14/18cases(78%) and the presence of new deeding arteries was 8/18cases(44%). 5) The complications(31cases, 66%) such as fever, chest pain, cough, voiding difficulty, paralytic ileus, motor and sensory change of lower extremity, atelectasis and splenic infarction were occured. Conclusion : Recannalization of previous embolized arteries is the major cause of recurrence after bronchial artery embolization. Despite high recurrence rate of hemoptysis, bronchial artery embolization for management of massive hemoptysis is a effective and saute procedure in immediate bleeding control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

Hemoptysis which is comparatively common symptom in respiratory disease patients is a clinical symptom which has high risk of death in spite of many curative means. Bronchial tube embolization is a very useful medical procedure when hemoptysis does not stop for treatment of internal medicine or surgery and in addition to the purpose of instant hemostasis, for patients for whom surgical operation is impossible or for the purpose of gaining time to improve the state of the patient before surgical operation. In relation to this, this study is to know of the usefulness of bronchial tube artery embolization. The objects were 60 persons for whom bronchial tube artery embolizations are conducted because of large hemoptysis occurred from March 2007 to December 2009 in J hospital. They had large hemoptysis of 400ml or more per day and 200ml or more at a time or though the quantity of hemoptysis was less than 400ml they did not respond to the treatment of internal medicine for 10 days or longer. The average age was 60.5 years and cause diseases were tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, and pneumonia and lung cancer. Embolus parts were Rt bronchial artery 19 examples, Lt bronchial artery, both bronchial artery, Rt Intercostobronchial artery, and they were the case where embolization for many blood vessels were simultaneously carried out. As embolus materials, PVA (conteour) and microcoil were used. In 76.6% of 60 persons of patients hemorrhage stopped with the lapse of time after the procedure and in 4 examples (6.6) re-embolization was carried out due to re-bleeding after the procedure. Bronchial tube artery embolization has high early success rate and effectively controls hemoptysis in the treatment of hemoptysis and is an effective emergency remedy for hemorrhage due to large hemoptysis and will be a good medical procedure which reduces death rate. In addition, primarily if it is conducted together with the treatment of internal medicine it will be, as an effective curative means for hemorrhage due to large hemoptysis, a good mediate radial rays medical procedure which reduces death rate.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 1998

Purpose : The best prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma can be achieved with surgical resection. However, the number of resected cases is limited due to the advanced lesion or associated liver disease. A trial of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) and local radiotherapy(RT) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) was prospectively conducted and its efficacy and toxicity were investigated. Materials and Methods : From 1992 to 1994, 30 Patients with unresectable HCC due either to advanced lesion or to associated cirrhosis were entered in the study Exclusion criteria included the presence of extrahepatic metastasis, liver cirrhosis of Child's class C, tumors occupying more than two-thirds of the whole liver, and an ECOG scale of more than 3. Patient cHaracteristics were : mean tumor size $8.95\pm3.4cm$, serum AFP+ in all patients, portal vein thrombosis in all patients, liver cirrhosis in 22 patients, and UICC stage III and IVA in 10 and 20 patients, respectively. TACE was performed with the mixture of Lipiodol(5ml) and Adriamycin(50mg) and Gelfoam embolizatin. RT(mean dose $44.0\pm9.3Gy$) 10 days with conventional fractionation. Results : An objective response was observed in 19 patients($63.3\%$). Survival rates at 1 2, and 3 years were $67\%,\;33.3\%$ and $22.2\%$, respectively. Median survival was 17 months. There were 6 patients surviving more than 3 years. Distant metastasis occurred in 10 patients, with 8 in the lung only and 2 in both lung and bone, Toxicity included transient elevation of liver function test in all patients, fever in 20, thrombocytopenia in 4, and nausea and vomiting in 1. There was no treatment-related death. Conclusion : Combined TACE and RT appear to produce a favorable response and survival results with minimal toxicity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.1 s.246
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• pp.72-75
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• 2005

A bronchopleural fistula after pulmonary resection is still showing high mortality and morbidity despite of advancing of treatment. Several treatment options have been developed including surgical treatment. In 1990, endobronchial closure using vascular occluding coils was introduced. These coils can occlude a bronchial air-leakage by mechani­cal obstruction as well as inducing fibrosis. We report, herein, the experience using a vascular occluding coils in treating postoperative bronchopleural fistula.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.606-614
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• 2023

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for bleeding due to uterine body cancer. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, six patients with varying types of uterine body cancer who underwent TAE for bleeding control were investigated. Angiographic findings, cross-sectional images, TAE details, and clinical outcomes were studied. Technical and clinical success rates were calculated. Results The identified patients had endometrioid adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, and most were patients with advanced-stage cancer. In four patients, tumor bleeding presented as vaginal bleeding. Technical success was achieved in all seven TAE procedures in six patients. Two patients with recurrent masses who had undergone hysterectomy presented with hematochezia, and TAE was able to provide technical success in these patients as well. The clinical success rate was 50%, indicating bleeding control for > 1 week. Rebleeding was directly associated with death in one patient. On the following day, mild fever was observed in one patient. Conclusion TAE can be considered an effective and safe method of bleeding control for uterine body cancer, especially during critical periods throughout the disease course of patients with inoperable, advanced-stage cancer.