• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2015

기상이변으로 인한 사회 경제적 피해의 증가로 기상정보에 대한 중요성이 커지면서 해외에서는 민간 기업이 기상 관측망을 구축하는 사례가 나타났다. 미국의 Earth Network은 전 세계에 1만개의 기상 관측센서를 설치하였고, 일본의 통신회사인 NTT DoCoMo는 일본에 4000여 개의 기상 및 환경관측 센서를 구축하였다. 국내에서는 SK플래닛이 자사의 플랫폼 기술과 SK텔레콤의 기지국 인프라를 활용하여 수도권 지역에 국지기상 관측망을 구축하였다. SK플래닛은 2013년 서울지역에 1km 간격으로 264개의 기상센서를 설치하고, 2014년 인천 경기지역에 3km 간격으로 825개의 기상센서를 추가 설치하여, 현재 1089개의 국지기상 관측망을 운용하고 있다. 관측에 사용한 센서는 우량계와 복합 기상센서로 강수량, 기온, 습도, 바람, 기압을 측정한다. 관측된 자료는 데이터로거에서 기상청의 자료처리 표준규격에 따라 처리한 후 M2M 모뎀을 통해 1분마다 서버로 전송한다. 전송된 자료는 기상정보 플랫폼의 수집 서버에서 프로토콜 변환 후 원본자료 DB에 저장하고, 실시간 품질관리를 마친 후 품질관리 자료 DB에 저장한다. 관측 지점의 기본정보 및 작업이력은 메타데이터 DB에 저장되고 관리자 페이지를 통해 조회 및 수정 된다. 관측 자료의 품질 보증은 제조사의 센서 Calibration부터 서비스 모니터링 까지 각 단계별로 체계적인 품질관리를 통해 이루어진다. 품질관리를 마친 국지기상 관측 데이터는 응용프로그램 개발자가 편리하게 사용할 수 있는 API(Application Programming Interface)형태로 제공된다. 2013년 여름부터 수집된 1~3km 해상도의 SK플래닛 국지기상 관측 자료를 통해 그 동안 정량적으로 확인하지 못한 국지성 호우 시의 강수량 편차에 대해 알 수 있었다. 2014년 7월 31일 양평지역에 내린 국지성 호우는 시간당 최대 90mm 이상의 비가 내린 사례로, 귀여리 관측소(SK 플래닛)에 시간당 93.1mm가 내리는 동안 퇴촌 관측소(기상청)에는 17.5mm의 비가 내려, 두 관측지점 간 거리가 3.4km 임에도 불구하고 시간당 75mm 이상의 강수량 차이를 보였다. 앞으로 SK플래닛의 국지기상 관측 자료가 국지성 호우의 조기 경보 및 예측 정확도 향상에 활용되어 재난으로부터 국민의 생명과 재산을 지키는데 많은 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.41-48
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• 2023

Microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP) is a novel cementation method meant to enhance soil engineering properties through the use of microorganisms. This study investigates the effect of different MICP concentrations on plant growth. Tall fescue seeds are grown in plant columns filled with Jumunjin sand. Following plant growth, the soil samples are treated with MICP via spraying method. The results indicate that the MICP-treated plants exhibit hampered growth compared with the untreated plants. pH and electrical conductivity(EC) tests are performed to analyze the changes in soil properties by MICP. The MICP-treated soils exhibit a pH = 7, similar to the untreated soil. However, the EC dramatically increases with the increase in the MICP concentration, which leads to an increase in the osmotic pressure of the soil surrounding the plant roots. Eventually, the higher osmotic pressure in MICP-treated soil hinders the absorption of water and nutrients in plant roots, thus inhibiting plant growth.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

This study has utilized self-assembled monolayers technology to improve electrical property of graphene-oxide, which has been seperated graphine powder through a chemical exfoliation. Aluminum sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃) was applied on graphene-oxide as a reactant, and the fundamental research was carried out to apply on the self-sensing of cement-based construction structures. Electric resistance measurement result has shown that cement-composites with GO and Al-GO can be used as a conductor, electric resistance of GO and Al-GO contained composites improved by 10.2% and 15.9% respectively when compared to the standard cement-composite. Microstructure analyzation shown the formation of Al(OH)₃ gel when Al-GO was added, which is speculated to result the smooth flow of current by improving the density of cement-composite. This implies that graphene-oxide has a possibility to be utilized as smart building materials and construction structure itself rather than just a structure.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2023

This paper presents the effects of fire-resistant materials on the temperature and vertical deflection of a composite beam exposed to fire through nonlinear thermo-mechanical analysis. The fire was modeled using the standard fire curve proposed in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E119. Fire-resistant materials were modeled by reducing the heat transfer coefficient from the air layer to the beam. The temperature and vertical deflection of the uncoated composite beam were measured using a laboratory fire test, and the results of the structural fire analysis were verified through comparison with experimental results. By introducing the fire-resistance effect, the reduction in the temperature and deflection of the beam for the ASTM E119 standard fire can be reasonably estimated. Based on a case study of the heat transfer coefficient, the fire-resistant effect on the thermo-mechanical response of a composite beam in the event of a fire is presented.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.326-326
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• 2021

장기간에 걸쳐 넓은 지역에 대해 발생하는 가뭄을 예측하기위해 많은 학자들의 기술적, 학술적 시도가 있어왔다. 본 연구에서는 복잡한 시계열을 가진 가뭄을 전망하는 방법 중 시나리오에 기반을 둔 가뭄전망 방법과 실시간으로 가뭄을 예측하는 비시나리오 기반의 방법 등을 이용하여 미래 가뭄전망을 실시했다. 시나리오에 기반을 둔 가뭄전망 방법으로는, 3개월 GCM(General Circulation Model) 예측 결과를 바탕으로 2009년도 PDSI(Palmer Drought Severity Index) 가뭄지수를 산정하여 가뭄심도에 대한 단기예측을 실시하였다. 또, 통계학적 방법과 물리적 모델(Physical model)에 기반을 둔 확정론적 수치해석 방법을 이용하여 비시나리오 기반 가뭄을 예측했다. 기존 가뭄을 통계학적 방법으로 예측하기 위해서 시도된 대표적인 방법으로 ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) 모델의 예측에 대한 한계를 극복하기위해 서포트 벡터 회귀(support vector regression, SVR)와 웨이블릿(wavelet neural network) 신경망을 이용해 SPI를 측정하였다. 최적모델구조는 RMSE(root mean square error), MAE(mean absolute error) 및 R(correlation Coefficient)를 통해 선정하였고, 1-6개월의 선행예보 시간을 갖고 가뭄을 전망하였다. 그리고 SPI를 이용하여, 마코프 연쇄(Markov chain) 및 대수선형모델(log-linear model)을 적용하여 SPI기반 가뭄예측의 정확도를 검증하였으며, 터키의 아나톨리아(Anatolia) 지역을 대상으로 뉴로퍼지모델(Neuro-Fuzzy)을 적용하여 1964-2006년 기간의 월평균 강수량과 SPI를 바탕으로 가뭄을 예측하였다. 가뭄 빈도와 패턴이 불규칙적으로 변하며 지역별 강수량의 양극화가 심화됨에 따라 가뭄예측의 정확도를 높여야 하는 요구가 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 복잡하고 비선형성으로 이루어진 가뭄 패턴을 기상학적 가뭄의 정도를 나타내는 표준강수증발지수(SPEI, Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index)인 월SPEI와 일SPEI를 기계학습모델에 적용하여 예측개선 모형을 개발하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.329-331
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• 2021

Recently, as various cases of using deep learning in the health-care field are increasing, functions such as electrocardiogram examination and body composition analysis through wearable device can be provided to provide rational decision-making and a process tailored to the individual. In order to utilize deep learning, it it most important to secure refined data, and this data is being made through human intervention or unsupervised learning. In this paper, we propose a model that conducts unsupervised learning by clusters according to gender and age using human body data such as chest and waist circumferences, which are easy to measure, and classifies them with CNN. For data, the 7th human body data provided by Korean Agency for Technology and Standards was used. Through this, it it thought that it can be applied to various application cases such as personalized body shape management service and obesity analysis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Puh-erh tea was extracted with water and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol to find antioxidative compounds. The fractions were examined on the antioxidant activity using two different methods, free radical scavenging activity measurement and reductive potential. Those antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. EA fraction of Pu-erh tea was showed excellent antioxidative activities over BHA and BHT.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

Purpose Standardized uptake value(SUV) has been widely used as a quantitative metric of uptake in PET/CT for diagnosis of malignant tumors and evaluation of tumor therapy response. However, the SUV depends on various factor including PET/CT scanner specifications and reconstruction parameter. The purpose of this study is to validate a EQ PET to evaluate SUV across different PET/CT systems. Materials and Methods First, NEMA IEC body phantom data were used to calculate the EQ filter for OSEM3D with PSF and TOF reconstruction from three different PET/CT systems in order to obtain EARL compliant recovery coefficients of each spheres. The Biograph true point 40 PET/CT images were reconstructed with a OSEM3D+PSF reconstruction, images of the Biograph mCT 40 and Biograph mCT 64 PET/CT scanners were reconstructed with a OSEM3D+PSF, OSEM3D+TOF, OSEM3D+PSF+TOF. Post reconstructions, the proprietary EQ filter was applied to the reconstruction data. Recovery coefficient can be estimated by ratio of measured to true activity concentration for spheres of different volume and coefficient variability(CV) value of RC for each sphere was compared. For clinical study, we compared SUVmax applying different reconstruction algorithms in FDG PET images of 61 patients with lung cancer using Biograph mCT 40 PET/CT scanner. Results For the phantom studied, the mean values of CV for OSEM3D, OSEM3D+PSF, OSEM3D+TOF and OSEM3D+PSF+TOF reconstructions were 0.05, 0.04, 0.04 and 0.03 respectively for RC. Application of the proprietary EQ filter, the mean values of CV for OSEM3D, OSEM3D+PSF, OSEM3D+TOF and OSEM3D+PSF+TOF reconstructions were 0.04, 0.03, 0.03 and 0.02 respectively for RC. Clinical study, there were no statistical significance of the difference applying EQ PET on SUVmax of 61 patients FDG PET image. (p=1.000) Conclusion This study indicates that CV values of RC in phantom were decreased after applying EQ PET for different PET/CT system and The EQ PET reduced reconstruction dependent variation in SUVs for 61 lung cancer patients, Therefore, EQ PET will be expected to provide accurate quantification when the patient is scanned on different PET/CT system.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems of a signal to noise ratio measurement using a two region measurement method that is conventionally used when using a multi-channel coil and a parallel imaging technique. As a research method, after calculating the standard SNR using a single channel head coil of which coil satisfies three preconditions when using a two region measurement method, we made comparisons and evaluations after calculating an SNR by using a two region measurement method of which method is problematic because it is used without considering the methods recommended by reputable organizations and the preconditions at the time of using a multi-channel coil and a parallel imaging technique. We found that a two region measurement method using a multi-channel coil and a parallel imaging technique shows the highest relative standard deviation, and thus shows a low degree of precision. In addition, we found out that the difference of SNR according to ROI location was very high, and thus a spatial noise distribution was not uniform. Also, 95% confidence interval through Blend-Altman plot is the widest, and thus the conformity degree with a two region measurement method using the standard single channel head coil is low. By directly comparing an AAPM method, which serves as a standard of a performance evaluation test of a magnetic resonance imaging device under the same image acquisition conditions, an NEMA method which can accurately determine the noise level in a signal region and the methods recommended by manufacturers of a magnetic resonance imaging device, there is a significance in that we quantitatively verified the inaccurate problems of a signal to noise ratio using a two region measurement method when using a multi-channel coil and a parallel imaging technique of which method does not satisfy the preconditions that researchers could overlook.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.94-97
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• 2014

Purpose: Standardized uptake value (SUV) is a simple semi-quantitative method that can measure the ratio of the tissue radioactivity between the tumor and normal. SUV is commonly used in PET/CT, however, SUV is affected by various factor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the residual activity on SUV depending on the location of catheter insertion device post injection. Materials and Methods: NEMA IEC Body Phantom was imaged using a Discovery 600 PET scanner. In 22 mm diameter sphere, the different activity of $^{18}F-FDG$ (7.4, 14.8, 22.2, 29.6, 37, 55.5 MBq) was filled and background was filled with $^{18}F-FDG$ (5.7 kBq/mL). We scaned the phantom on the assumption that the radioactivity in sphere was residual activity in insertion device. Simulation of PET was divided into three groups based on the location of sphere in Scan FOV (SFOV); inclusion, 1/2 inclusion and exclusion group. Results: Among three groups, the group of excluded sphere showed the highest SUV regardless of the amount of $^{18}F-FDG$ activity. In case of 7.4 MBq, average SUV of inclusion group, 1/2 inclusion and exclusion group was 0.780, 0.840 and 0.896 respectively. However, average SUV of 55.5 MBq showed 0.372, 0.460 and 0.508 with same order. Depend on residual radioactivity in the sphere and position of sphere, the SUV was different minimum of 10.4%, maximum of 62.8%. Conclusion: This study showed that SUV is underestimated as the residual radio-activity is increased. In addition, SUV was a changed according to the position of residual radio-activity. And among the position, exclusion group showed the difference of SUV was lowest. If we measure the residual radio-activity of inserting devices and radio-activity from extra-vasation in the patients, it seems to be more useful in clinical field.