• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.1 s.78
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

It is important that the orthodontist accurately assess the degree to which facial asymmetry contributes to a given malocclusion before treatment planning. P-A, submentovertex and verticosubmental view have been used in the assessment of facial asymmetry. Among them, submentovertex view is rarely used because it has low reproducibility and is short of normal data and proper analysis method. The purpose of this study was to develop a submentovertex cephalomentrics and obtain normal data in Korean adults. The subjects consisted of 40 normal adults (male : 22, female 18) without the experience of orthodontic treatment. We find the 2 angular and 9 linear measurements. Though submentovertex cephalomentrics has the limitation in comparing the absolute length between right and left, it is useful to examine the relationship of skeletal and dental midline, the shape and location of condyle head and the shape of mandibular body in submentovertex view Therefore, if we understand the limitation of submentovertex cephalomentrics and use lateral , P-A and submentovertex cephalomentrics together, we will measure the location and amount of skeletal disharmony more exactly.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.1 s.78
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• pp.101-114
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the soft-tissue profile changes from 24 to 32 yews of age in Korean adults. The subjects used in this study consisted of 17 males and 8 females. The data obtained from the lateral cephalograms taken at age 24 and 32, were analyzed statistically. The obtained results were as follows : 1. During the observation period, there were no significant changes in the hard-tissue measurements in both sexes (p>0.05). 2. In the anteroposterior measurements of soft-tissue, the males had significant increase in chin area (Pog', Gn'), and the females had significant decrease in lower lip (LI) (p<0.05). 3. In the vertical measurements of soft-tissue, both sexes showed the increased tendency in upper lip length (Sn-Sto) where the males showed significant increase (p<0.05). The lower facial height (Sn-Gn') turned out significant increase in both sexes (p<0.05). 4. In general, the females and males had the increased tendency in soft-tissue thickness, especially significant increase in chin area (Pog', Gn') (p<0.05).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.2 s.67
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• pp.219-229
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to define the characteristics of the skeleton and soft tissues of severe adult class III malocclusion. The materials selected for this study were lateral cephalograms of 112 adult class III malocclusion patients with ANB difference below -2 degrees. and the mean age was 22.9 years old. The normal control sampler consisted of lateral cephalograms of 50 adults in normal occlusion and the mean age was 22.1 years old. The Horizontal reference line was FH line and the vertical reference line was nasion perpendicular to FH line. The skeletal and soft tissue characteristics of Class III malocclusion are as follows : 1. In the skeletal profile evaluated by vertical reference line (Nasion perpendicular to FH), the forehead and maxilla was similar to normal, but the mandible was protruded significantly. 2. The soft tissue profile is concave. The thickness of soft tissue covering forehead area and nose is within normal range. but the upper lip is thicker and the nasolabial angle is smaller than normal. The lower lip and inferior labial sulcus is thinner than normal. The degree of eversion of lower lip is lesser than normal. 3. The cranial base of class III malocclusion is shorter and saddle angle is smaller than normal. 4. The location of midface evaluated in relations to cranial base is within normal range but, the length of midface is shorter than normal when compared from the deep portion of the facial skeleton. 5. The location of maxilla in reference to cranial base is within normal range but the length of maxilla was shorter in class III malocclusion. 6. The mandible was protruded, ramus height and body length, gonial angle were greater than normal, and the chin angle was smaller. 7. Upper incisor was proclined, lower incisor was retroclined.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.164-173
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform gender-wise analysis of the related cephalometric factors affecting Korean patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: We examined 118 adults who had visited the Sleep Disorder Clinic Center in Keimyung university, Daegu, Korea, and evaluated them by using poly-somnography (PSG) and lateral cephalograms. The patients were divided into 4 groups (male simple snorers, male OSA patients, female simple snorers, and female OSA patients) according to AHI (apnea-hypopnea index) and sex. Results: The position of the hyoid bone in the female OSA group was inferior to that in the female simple snorer group. Multiple regression analysis showed that tongue length and soft palate width were significant determinants for the severity of AHI in male OSA patients. However, inferior position of the hyoid was a significant determinant only in women. Conclusions: From a cephalometric point of view, OSA in male and female adult patients may be characterized by different pathogeneses. In particular, in female OSA patients, they might be managed by individualized treatments such as hormone replacement therapy in addition to conventional treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.3 s.74
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• pp.285-301
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• 1999

There is a need for more accurate prediction in surgical orthodontic treatment. Video imaging is an important technology in planning orthognathic surgery and educating patients about the esthetic results after treatment. Preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalogram of 30 patients who had one piece Le Fort I osteotomy advancement and mandibular set back by bilateral intraoral vertical ramal osteotomy with or without genioplasty were used in this study. The computer generated soft tissue line drawing prediction were compared with the actual postoperative cephalograms .The results are as follows. 1. 14 variables showed Statistically significant differences from 24 variables between computer predicted profile and post operative profile 2. Most of the differences were found in the maxilla-related soft tissue landmarks. 3. The predicted results were more accurate in the groups who had small amount of mandibular set back. 4. The predicted results were more accurate in the groups who had no genioplasty. Most of these differences were within 2mm ranges. Therefore profile change prediction by video imaging could be considered clinically acceptable.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.3 s.86
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• pp.301-309
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• 2001

Because many of patients seeking orthodontic treatment worry about the facial appearance and their chief motivation for orthodontic treatment is facial esthetics, it is critical to understand the influence of gender or culture on the evaluation of profile esthetics. The purpose of this study was to find out any influence of gender or culture on judging good facial profile. 4 different groups were asked to evaluate 133 facial profiles to test the influence of gender or culture on judging good facial profiles. Those 4 groups consisted of 10 Korean males, 10 Korean females, 10 Korean American males, and 10 Korean American females. 2 evaluation systems were introduced, absolute and relative. Soft tissues of selected good profile group were analyzed and statistic analysis was performed. Conclusions were as follows 1. Inter-evaluator difference for judging good facial profile was statistically significant, even if there was general agreement for the best profile among 40 raters. 2. Gender difference under the same cultural environment was not significant statistically. 3. The same ethnic groups with different cultural background showed statistically different preference on judging good Profile. 4. Good facial profile group had their own characteristics compared to remaining group in several soft tissue measurements which were vertical facial ratio, soft tissue facial convexity, and antero-posterior relative lip position.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.453-463
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• 1995

Most commonly used axis for central incisors in lateral cephalometric radiographs is the line connecting root apex and incisor edge. However, crown axis and root axis do not always coincide in cases of malocclusion patients. The angle created by these axis are called the collum angle, which should be considered in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. In this study, 31 Class I malocclusion, 30 Class II division 1 malocclusion, 31 Class II division 2 malocclusion, and 31 Class m malocclusion patients were selected and their collum angles were measured. Correlation between these angles and malocclusions was investigated, and the correlation analysis with other parameters in cephalometrics was done. The results were as follows ; 1. The mean collum angles according to the types of malocclusions are ; $3.11^{\circ}{\pm}3.54^{\circ}$ for Class I, $1.23^{\circ}{\pm}2.41^{\circ}$ for Class II division 1, $3.77^{\circ}{\pm}4.39^{\circ}$ for Class II division 2, and $3.90^{\circ}{\pm}4.08^{\circ}$ for Class III malocclusion. 2. Statistically significant differences in collum angles were noted between Class II division 1 group and Class II division 2 and Class III group. 3. Significant correlations were found between collum angles and other parameters used in cephalometrics, namely IMPA for Class I, Wits for Class II division 1, Overbite for Class II division 2 and for ClassIII.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between menarche and cervical vertebral maturation. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 67 young korean girls within the range of 1 year before or after their menarche were gathered. The concavity of the cervical vertebrae base and the ratio of the base length to the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae anterior height were measured and analyzed. Results: The mean measured values were as follows, concavity of the 3rd cervical vertebrae base: 1.27(${\pm}0.18$) mm, concavity of the 4th cervical vertebrae base: 1.06(${\pm}0.15$) mm, ratio of the base length to the 3rd cervical vertebrae anterior height: 0.73(${\pm}0.06$) and ratio of the base length to the 4th cervical vertebrae anterior height: 0.70(${\pm}0.05$). There was a significant increase in the ratio of the base length to the 3rd vertebrae anterior height and the base concavity of the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae during the period of 1 year before to 1 year after their menarche. Conclusions: These characteristics of the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae on the lateral cephalogram can provide useful clues on evaluating the growth stage.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.3 s.62
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• pp.473-479
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• 1997

This author tried to find if the size of the frontal sinus can be used as a diagnostic aid to predict the manldibular growth pattern in growing Patients in lateral cephalogram utilizing the fact the the frontal sinus completes its growth in earlier stage but the mandible continues to grow until later. At this study, the 228 samples were divided into 3 groups as skeletal Class I, II, III malocclusions and three indicies(ANB, APDI, Wits) were measured which indicate the mandibular body length and the antero-posterior relationship of maxilla and mandible to evaluate their relations with frontal sinus. And results were obtained as followings 1. The size of frontal sinus is highly related to ANB, APDI, Wits and mandilar body length.(p<0.001) 2. the size of the frontal sinus of the Cl III malocclusion group was on the lateral cephalogram larger than Cl I and Cl II group.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.4 s.81
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• pp.387-398
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• 2000

This study was aimed to observe the effect of Anterior J hook headgear on the craniofacial structures in mixed dentition with Class II malocclusion. The laterial cephalograms of 20 children treated by Anterior J hook headgear were traced, digitized and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. Forward growth of maxilla was inhibited. 2. Rotational effect of maxilla was not observed. 3. There was distal movement of maxillary dentition. 4. Maxillarly_dentoalveolar growth changes were more effective in anterior portion than posterior portion. 5. Mandible maintained a normal growth and mandibular plane angle was maintained during treatment period. 6. The ratio of anterior facial height to posterior facial height was almostly not changed.