• Journal of the KSME
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1990

(1) Cr-Mo-V 합금강 로우터재료는 사용도중 템퍼 취화된다. 템퍼취화된 소재는 취성제거처리 혹 은 재열처리를 하여 취성을 감소시킬 수 있다. (2) 축의 신뢰도를 파괴역학 원리를 적용하여 계산하였으며 템퍼 취화된 소재는 파손 위험성이 있으나 열처리 된 소재는 취성파괴 및 고 사이클 하중에 의한 피로균열 성장에 대해서 안전성 이 충분하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있다. (3) 샬피 V-노치 충격치 (CVN)와 파괴인성치(K$_{tc}$ )의 관계식을 취성재료에도 적용할 수 있 는가의 여부에 대해서는 많은 조사가 필요하다. (4) 취성소재의 피로균열 개시값$\Delta$ $K_{th}$을 알고 있으면 취송소재로 제조된 구조물의 파괴역학적인 해석을 하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.561-564
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• 2011

다양한 공학/산업적 측면에서 동적 취성 파괴 현상은 매우 중요하다. 취성 균열은 다른 균열 전파에 비해 그 전파 속도가 매우 빠르고 전파 범위가 넓기 때문에 대규모의 파괴 현상을 일으킨다. 동적 전파 중인 취성 균열 거동을 모델화하기 위해 오랜 기간 동안 많은 연구가 진행되었지만, 여전히 많은 부분들이 해석되지 못한 채 남아있다. 특히 균열 생성 및 전파를 위해 인위적인 조건들을 도입해야 하는 것은 기존 방법론들이 가지는 공통적인 문제점이다. 본 연구는 peridynamics를 동적 분기 균열 문제 해석에 도입한다. Peridynamics는 전통적인 연속체 이론에 기반한 수치해석 모델화 기법으로 균열과 같은 비연속성이 있는 문제의 모델화에 강점이 있으며, 인위적인 조건 없이 매우 간단한 방법으로 파괴 현상을 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 peridynamics 모델이 실험적으로 관측된 분기균열 형상과 균열 전파 속도를 매우 잘 예측해 낼 수 있음을 보인다. 또한 균열팁 주변에 높은 응력이 발생할 때 나타나는 연쇄 분기 현상도 해석할 수 있다. 이와 같은 연구를 통해 응력파가 균열 전파 속도를 변화시키고 전파 방향에도 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 수치해석 결과도 또한 실험 결과들과 잘 부합함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2007

When a tunnel or an underground structure is excavated in deep geological environments, the failure process is affected and eventually dominated by stress-induced fractures growing preferentially parallel to the excavation boundary. This fracturing is generally referred to as brittle failure by spatting and slabbing. Continuum models with traditional failure criteria such as Hoek-Brown or Mohr-Coulomb criteria have not been successful in prediction of the extent and depth of brittle failure. Instead cohesion weakening and frictional strengthening (CWFS) model is known to predict brittle failure well. In this study, CWFS model was applied to predict the brittle failure around a circular opening observed in physical model experiments. To obtain the input parameters for CWFS model, damage-controlled tests were carried out. The predicted depth and extent of brittle failure using CWFS model were compared to the results of the physical model experiment and numerical simulation using traditional model.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.33-46
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• 1999

In spite of 6.8 magnitude and the neighborhood of the epicenter, the steel moment frame survived after Northridge earthquake without collapse or casualties. However, following investigation revealed that there were severe damages at the column-weld interface of welded flange-bolted web (WFBW) steel moment connection, which was believed to be economic and safe from earthquakes based on experience and past tests. In this paper, this unexpected brittle fracture of the steel moment connection is explored using linear elastic fracture mechanics and post-Northridge tests. A method to predict the brittle fracture strength of the steel moment connection is proposed. Using this method, the failure mode of the WFBW connection and reduced beam section (RBS) connection are presented.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.469-485
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• 2016

The failure of rock mass around deep tunnel, different from shallow tunnel largely affected by discontinuities, is dominated by magnitudes and directions of stresses, and the failures dominated by stresses can be divided into ductile and brittle features according to the conditions of stresses and the characteristics of rock mass. It is important to know the range and the depth of the V-shaped notch type failure resulted from the brittle failure, such as spalling, slabbing and rock burst, because they are the main factors for the design of excavation and support of deep tunnels. The main features of brittle failure are that it consists of cohesion loss and friction mobilization according to the stress condition, and is progressive. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model has been developed in order to simulate the brittle behavior of rock mass around deep tunnel by introducing the bi-linear failure envelope cut off, elastic-elastoplastic coupling and gradual spread of elastoplastic regions. By performing a series of numerical analyses, it is shown that the depths of failure estimated by this model coincide with an empirical relation from a case study.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.4 s.57
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• pp.250-263
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• 2005

Progressive and localized brittle failures around an excavated opening by the overstressed condition can act as a serious obstacle to ensure the stability and the economical efficiency of construction work. In this paper, the characteristics of the brittle failure around an circular opening with stress level was studied by the biaxial compressive test using sealed specimen and by the numerical simulation with $PFC^{2D}$, one of the discrete element codes. The occurring pattern and shape of the brittle failure around a circular opening monitored during the biaxial loading were well coincided with those of the stress induced failures around the excavated openings observed in the brittle rock masses. The crack development stages with stress level were evaluated by the detailed analysis on the acoustic emission event properties. The microcrack development process around a circular opening was successfully visualized by the particle flow analysis. It indicated that the scaled test had a good feasibility in understanding the mechanism of the brittle failure around an opening with a high reliability.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.3 s.62
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• pp.259-276
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• 2006

In rock mass subject to high in-situ stresses, the failure process of rock is dominated by the stress-induced fractures growing parallel to the excavation boundary. When the ratio of in situ stresses compared to rock strength is greater than a certain value, progressive brittle failure which is characterized by popping and spatting of rock debris occurs due to stress concentration. Traditional constitutive model like Mohr-Coulomb usually assume that the normal stress dependent frictional strength component and the cohesion strength component are constant, therefore modelling progressive brittle failure will be very difficult. In this study, a series of numerical analyses were conducted for surrounding rock mass near crude oil storage cavern using CW-FS model which was known to be efficient for modelling brittle failure and the results were compared with those of linear Mohr-Coulomb model. Further analyses were performed by varying plastic shear strain limits on cohesion and internal friction angle to find the proper values which yield the matching result with the observed failure in the oil storage caverns. The obtained results showed that CW-FS model could be a proper method to characterize essential behavior of progressive brittle failure in competent rock mass.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.2 s.67
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• pp.128-138
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• 2007

At low in-situ stress, the continuity and distribution of natural fractures in rock mass predominantly control the failure processes. However at high in-situ stress, the failure process are affected and eventually dominated by stress-induced fractures preferentially growing parallel to the excavation boundary. This fracturing is often observed in brittle type of failure such as slabbing or spatting. Recent studies on the stress- or excavation-induced damage of rock revealed its importance especially in a highly stressed regime. In order to evaluate the brittle failure around a deep underground opening, physical model experiments were carried out. For the experiments a new tue triaxial testing system was made. According to visual observation and acoustic emission detection, brittle failure grades were classified under three categories. The test results indicate that where higher horizontal stress, acting perpendicular $(S_{H2})$ and parallel $(S_{H1})$ to the axis of the tunnel respectively, were applied, the failure grade at a constant vertical stress level (Sy) was lowered. The failure initiation stress was also increased with the increasing $S_{H1}\;and\;S_{H2}$. From the multi-variable regression on failure initiation stress and true triaxial stress conditions, $f(S_v,\;S_{H1},\;S_{H2})$ was proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.2 s.86
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• pp.255-261
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• 2005

Immense quantities of coal combustion by-products are produced every year, and only a small fraction of them are currently utilized. The purpose of this study is to investigate reused techniques of coal ash in the construction field, which may contribute to the savings of building materials and conservation of environment. From the results of the compressive strength test, the elastic modulus was experimentally proposed. Also, based on the three- point-bending test, the fracture parameters - notch sensitivity, fracture energy, and initial compliance were experimentally proposed. As a result, the strength and fracture characteristics were lower than those of concrete or mortar. Also, the study showed that the deflection at a fracture decreased as the age increased and as the notch depth rate decreased. However, it was judged that its use as a building material could be expected if further research is carried out.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

선박의 고강도화 및 극후물화가 진행됨에 따라 선체 구조물의 파괴 특성에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 최근 균열정지의 관점에서 취성균열 정지특성에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 기존의 연구결과에 따르면 65mmt 이상의 극후물 용접부에 대해서 취성균열 정지특성의 저하가 발생할 가능이 있다고 보고되고 있으며, 취성균열 정지특성이 우수한 강재의 개발 이외에 용접부 보강재의 부착, 보수 용접 실시 등 개선 방안을 마련하기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 극후물 용접부 취성균열 전파기구에 관한 규명은 현재 전무한 실정이며, 강재 두께의 영향 이외에 용접 입열량 용접부 잔류응력 등의 효과가 복합적으로 검토되어야 한다. 아울러 극후물 용접부 균열정지 파괴인성의 평가, 대형파괴시험을 대체할 소형시험법의 개발 및 검증 등에 관한 연구가 요구된다.