• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 1996

메밀(날 메밀, 볶은 메밀, 찐 메밀)에서 추출, 분리한 crude hemicellulose, alcohol-insoluble hemicellulose, residue 및 고분자 가용성 다당류(분자량 10 KDa 이상)와 저분자 가용성 다당류(분자량 10 KDa 이하)가 in vitro에서 췌장의 소화효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 다당류-효소액을 $37^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 반응시킨 후 다당류를 제거하고 여액의 소화효소 활성을 측정함으로써 다당류가 소화효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 메밀의 crude hemicellulose, alcohol-in-soluble hemicellulose, residue는 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 활성을 저하시켰으며, 고분자 수용성 다당류와 저분자 수용성 다당류는 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 활성을 저해하지 않았다. 또한, 저분자 수용성다당류를 제외한 모든 다당류는 lipase의 활성을 감소시켰다. Crude hemicellulose, alcohol-insoluble hemicellulose, residue와 고분자 수용성 다당류는 trypsin과 chymotrypsin 활성을 현저히 저하시켰으나 저분자 수용성 다당류는 이들의 활성을 약간 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

Aster Yomena (AY) has been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes and osteoarthritis. However, protective effect of AY on acute pancreatitis (AP) has not been reported. The present study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol extract of AY on cerulein-induced AP. AP was induced in mice by intraperitoneally injecting cerulein ($50{\mu}g/kg$) hourly for 6 times. 70% ethanol extract of AY (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg) was orally administered for 1 week before acute pancreatitis induction. The mouse was killed at 6 hours after the final cerulein injection. The pancreas and lung were rapidly removed for histological examination and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. Blood samples were taken to determine serum amylase and lipase activity. In addition real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also performed to investigate mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$. $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6. Administration of AY significantly ameliorated pancreatic weight to body weight ratio, histological damages and MPO activity during AP. In addition, AY inhibited the serum amylase and lipase activity during AP. Also, mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were inhibited by AY against AP. Our results revealed that pre-treatment of AY reduces the severity of cerulein-induced AP. Therefore, AY may have a protective effect drug against AP.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.500-512
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of SuJeom-san(SJS) extract in rats with caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods : We examined changes of pancreatic weight, histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups as follow: normal(Nor), caerulein-induced (Con), caerulein + cefotaxime sodium(CT), caerulein + SJS 3 mg/kg(SJSA), caerulein + SJS 6 mg/kg(SJSB) and caerulein + SJS 12 mg/kg(SJSC) groups. Pancreatic tissues of rats from all groups were removed for histological observation and light, and electron microscopic examination. Platelet activating factor(PAF) and Interleukin-6(IL-6) levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Results : The ratio of pancreas/body weight was significantly(p<0.05) increased in the Con compared with Nor, but significantly(p<0.05) decreased in SJSA, SJSB, SJSC and CT groups compared with Con. Caerulein administration significantly increased(p<0.05) the levels of amylase, but SJSA, SJSB, SJSC and CT significantly(p<0.05) reduced the levels of these enzymes. The levels of platelet activating factor(PAF) increased in Con compared with Nor, but decreased in SJSA, SJSB, SJSC and CT groups compared with Con. Interleukin-6(IL-6) levels increased significantly in all groups compared to Nor at 6 hrs, but significantly(p<0.05) reduced in SJSA, SJSB, SJSC and CT groups compared with Con at 24 hrs. The levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ levels increased in all groups compared to Nor at 6 hrs, but significantly(p<0.05) reduced in SJSA, SJSB, SJSC and CT groups compared with Con at 24 hrs. The COX-2 positive materials were observed in the pancreas of the Con, but these positive materials were decreased in the SJS extract treatment group. Conclusion : SJS is potentially capable of limiting pancreatic damage during AP by restoring the fine structure of acinar cells and tissue; therefore, we conclude that SJS may have beneficial effects in the treatment of caerulein-induced AP.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.475-478
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• 1994

식품에 사용되는 화학적 변성전분류와 acetyl화 전분이 사용된 라면의 돼지 췌장 ${\alpha}-amylase$에 의한 in vitro 소화율($37^{\circ}C$에서 6시간)을 비교하였다. Native potato starch와 acetylated potato starch의 가수분해율은 각각 64.5%와 59.3%, native와 hydroxypropylated corn starch는 70.5%와 60.4%, 그리고 native와 hydroxypropylated high amylose corn starch는 65.2%와 57.3%로서 native한 것들이 유도체들보다 높았다. Waxy corn starch들의 소화율은 pregelatinized(74.3%)>native(72.1%)>acetylated(66.5%)>acetyl distarch adipate(56.4%)>hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate(50.7%)의 순으로 감소하였다. 국내에서 생산, 판매되고 있는 5개 회사의 봉지라면과 용기라면에 대한 실험에서는 실제 조리조건에서 소화율에 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 화학적 변성전분의 소화율은 천연전분보다 낮지만 상용식품에서의 사용량이 매우 낮으므로 식품 섭취에 따른 전분질의 소화율에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was undertaken to compare the effect of Foeniculi Fructus and Lonicerae Flos extract on the cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Methods : Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein. Foeniculi Fructus extract (FE; 300 mg/kg) and Lonicerae Flos extract (LE; 300 mg/kg) were injected 2hr before induction of acute pancreatitis. Rats were sacrificed 6hr after first injection of cerulein. The severity of pancreatitis was assessed by measuring pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, neutrophil, lymphocyte, serum amylase activity, platelet activating factor (PAF) activity, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) activity, interleukin 6 (IL-6) activity and by histological assessments of inflammatory cell infiltration. Results : 1. The pancreatic weight/body weight ratios of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 2. The neutrophil content ratio of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased. 3. The lymphocyte content ratio of FE and LE group compared with the control group were increased significantly. 4. The activities of serum amylase of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 5. The activities of serum PAF of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 6. The activities of TNF-${\alpha}$ of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 7. The activities of IL-6 of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 8. The pancreas injected with FE and LE showed reduction of swelling of acinar cells, inflammation and vacuolization than the control group on light microscopic observation. Conclusions : These results suggest that Foeniculi Fructus and Lonicerae Flos extract have an effect to suppress inflammation on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. But there are no significant differences between Foeniculi Fructus extract and Lonicerae Flos extract.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2016

HPA는 식품으로 섭취되는 녹말을 분해하는데 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 수행하는 효소이기 때문에 HPA 효소 활성의 억제는 당뇨와 비만과 같은 질환의 예방과 치료에 있어서 의미를 가진다. 따라서 HPA는 당뇨병 치료와 비만 예방을 위한 새로운 식 의약품 소재 개발을 위한 주요 타깃 효소 중 하나이며, 새로운 소재의 개발을 위해서는 HPA의 반응 메커니즘을 비롯하여 천연 기질 분해 특성에 대한 이해가 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 HPA의 동질효소 중 연구가 거의 진행되지 않은 HPA II에 대한 효소 특성화를 진행하고자 P. pastoris 시스템을 이용하여 재조합 HPA II를 생산하였으며, 녹말 분해와 관련된 효소적 특성을 분석하였다. HPA II는 10 mM NaCl까지 농도 의존적으로 효소활성이 증가하였으며, 최적 활성을 위한 pH는 0 mM NaCl 조건에서 pH 6.5이었으나 10 mM NaCl조건에서 pH 7.5로 이동하는 특성을 보였으며, 이는 HPA I을 포함하는 염소이온 의존형 아밀레이스가 나타내는 전형적인 특징이다. 염소이온 존재 시 최적 pH가 염기성 pH 영역으로 이동하는 것은 염소 이온과 효소의 결합에 의해 HPA II의 산/염기 촉매 잔기의 $pK_a$값이 커진다는 것을 의미하며, 염소이온을 첨가하였을 때 녹말에 대한 가수분해 활성의 증대 정도가 산성 pH 영역보다 염기성 pH 영역에서 두드러지게 나타났다는 점이 이를 뒷받침하였다. 반응속도론적 분석 결과에 따르면 염소이온 존재 시 효소활성의 증대는 대부분 전환수(turnover number)의 증대에 의한 것으로 나타났으며, 가용성 녹말 보다 곡류 녹말에 대한 전환수의 증대가 크게 나타났다. 염소이온은 활성의 증대뿐만 아니라 고농도의 기질 조건에서 기질에 의한 효소 활성 억제 양상을 심화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 HPA II의 특징은 HPA I과 거의 유사한 경향을 나타내었으며, 염소이온 첨가여부에 따른 HPA II의 가수분해활성 결과를 바탕으로 향 후 HPA에 대한 곡류 녹말 가수분해 활성 억제제 개발을 위한 연구를 추진할 계획이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate Effects of Sujeom powder(SJP) pharmacopuncture Injected at Jung-wan($CV_{12}$) in rats with caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods : We examined changes of organ weight, histology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression of cycolooxygenase 2(COX-2) in the pancreas. Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups as follow: normal(Nor), caerulein-induced(Con), caerulein+SJP pharmacopuncture 0.2mL injected at Jung-wan($CV_{12}$)(SA), and caerulein+SJP pharmacopuncture 0.8 mL injected at Jung-wan($CV_{12}$)(SB) groups. Pancreatic tissues of rats from all groups were removed for histological observation and light microscopic examination. Interleukin-6(IL-6) levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Results : The ratio of pancreas/body weights was significantly(p<0.05) increased in the Con, the SA and the SB compared with the Nor, but was slightly decreased in the SA and in the SB groups compared with the Con. Caerulein administration has significantly(p<0.05) increased in the levels of amylase, but the SA, the SB significantly(p<0.05) decreased in the levels of these enzyme. The levels of amylase were increased significantly with caerulein administration, but were inhibited significantly in the SA and in the SB groups. Interleukin-6(IL-6) levels were significantly(p<005) increased in all groups compared with the Nor, especially in the SB. were significantly increased. The levels of Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ levels were significantly increased in all groups compared with the Nor. In the conclusion, the datum of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ are suggested that the inflamation was still existed actively at a point of measurement(24 hours later). The COX-2 positive materials are observed in the pancreas from the Con, but these positive materials are decreased in the SJP pharmacopuncture at Jung-wan($CV_{12}$) treatment group. Conclusion : SJP pharmacopuncture injected at Jung-wan($CV_{12}$) is potentially capable of limiting pancreatic damage during AP by restoring the fine structure of acinar cells and tissues. Therefore we can say that SJP pharmacopuncture Injected at Jung-wan($CV_{12}$) may have beneficial effects in the treatment of caerulein-induded AP. Further studies about the adequate amount of the SJP pharmacopuncture and about more effective route of administration is still required.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2005

Objectives : We examined the effects of electroacupuncture on the cholecystokinin-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Methods : Rats were administered with $75{\mu}g/kg$ cholecystokinin-octapeptide subcutaneously three times (1, 3 and 5h after shaving) for 5days. Three days after finishing cholecystokinin-octapeptide administration, high frequency electroacupuncture (100Hz) and low frequency electroacupuncture (2Hz) were applied to acupoint equivalent to ST36 (Zusanli) for 7 days. The author determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic heat shock protein HSP60 and HSP72. The author also assay the secretion of ${\beta}-amylase$, lipase and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Repeated cholecysokinin-octapeptide treatment resulted in the typical laboratory and morphological changes of experimentally induced pancreatitis. Results : Eelectroacupuncture significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in cholecystokinin-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis, increased the pancreatic levels of HSP60 and HSP72, and decreased ${\beta}-amylase$ and lipase levels in cholecystokinin-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis. Additionally, the secretion of $Interleukin-1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ was decreased in the animals treated with electroacupuncture. Conclusion : These results suggest that electroacupuncture may have protective effects against cholecystokinin-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2005

Objectives : Patrinia scabiosaefolia (PS) has long been as a remedy for treating infectious diseases in Korea. In the present experiments, the author examined the effects of PS on the cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK)-induced pancreatitis (AP) in rats. Methods : Male Wister rats weighing 200 to 250 g were divided into two group. Normal untreated group, in treatment with PS group; PS was administered orally, followed by $75{\mu}g/kg$ CCK subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 days. In treatment with saline group, the protocol was the same as in treatment group with PS. The author determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic heat shock proteins(HSP)60, HSP72 and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results and Conclusion : PS was significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCK-induced AP. PS increased HSP60 and HSP72 compared with CCK-induced AP. Additionally, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 the levels of amylase and lipase were lower than that of saline. These results suggest that PS may has a inhibitory effect against CCK-induced AP.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2006

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effects of Daehwangmokdanpitang-gagambang(DMG) on treatment for cholecystokinin-octapeptide(CCK)-induced acute pancreatitis(AP) in rats. Methods : Male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were divided into three groups. The first was normal untreated group, the second was in treatment with DMG group; DMG was administered orally, followed by 75 ${\mu}g/kg$ CCK subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 days. The third was in treatment with saline group, the protocol was the same as in treatment group with DMG. We determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic HSP60, HSP72, ERK, p38 MAPK and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Repeated CCK treatment resulted in the typical laboratory and morphological changes of experimentally induced pancreatitis. Results : DMG was significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCKinduced AP and DMG increased HSP60 and HSP72 compared with CCK-induced AP. DMG suppressed ERK and p38 MAPK activation. Additionally, the secretion of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ and the levels of amylase and lipase were lower than that saline. Conclusions : DMG has an effect to treatment for CCK-induced AP.