• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.509-516
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• 2017

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. sprouts (PFS) is a plant of the labiatae family. The purpose of this work was to assess the preventive effects of PFS ethanolic extracts (PFSEs) on cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell damage. Cytokines, which are released by the infiltration of inflammatory cells around the pancreatic islets, are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The combination of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-1), interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of intracellular ROS led to ${\beta}$-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. PFSEs possess antioxidant activity and thus lead to downregulation of ROS generation. Cytokines decrease cell viability, stimulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and induce the production of nitric oxide (NO). PFSEs prevented cytokine-induced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with PFSE resulted in significant reduction in cytokine-induced NO production that correlated with reduced levels of the iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Furthermore, PFSE significantly decreased the activation of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) by inhibition of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation in RINm5F cells. In summary, our results suggest that the protective effects of PFSE might serve to counteract cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell destruction. Findings indicate that consumption of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. sprouts alleviates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell damage and thus has beneficial anti-diabetic effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.973-979
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• 2005

To investigate the effect of Pinus densiflora on biochemical parameters in type I diabetic rats, we evaluated the changes of body weight, fasting blood glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and biochemical parameters after the intraperitoneal injection of distilled solution of Pinus densiflora in streptozotocin (STZ)­induced rats. Thirty-seven male Sprague Dawley rats $(180\pm10g)$ were divided into four groups; diabetic mellitus (DM) group received STZ (50 mg/kg BW, i.v.); low level of pine extract (LP) group received Pinus densiflora (5 mg/kg BW, i.p.), high level of pine extract (HP) group received Pinus densiflora (10 mg/kg BW, i.p.) after the single injection of STZ (50 mg/kg BW, i.v.), respectively. Normal control (NC) group received saline. The change of fasting blood glucose level and OGTT were measured using glucocard II, and the change of biochemical parameter were measured by Automatic Chemistry Analyzer (Hitach-747, Japan). Mean body weight change of DM group was retarded greatly by STZ-exposure. While, body weights of LP and HP groups were progressively increased with some fluctuation, although the increase rates were slower than that of NC group. Fasting blood glucose levels of LP and HP groups were reduced by Pinus densiflora injection, although the fasting blood glucose levels were higher than that of NC group. The results of OGTT was significantly improved in both of LP and HP group compared to DM group. Increases of blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels by STZ-exposure were attenuated by the Pinus densiflora treatment (p<0.05). From the results, it was suggested that Pinus densiflora has a tendency to decrease STZ-induced toxicity in terms of monitoring fasting blood glucose, OGTT and some biochemical parameters of rat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.701-707
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• 2008

Antidiabetic effect of Korean red ginseng (RG) processed by puffing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (DM) rats was investigated. Five week-old SD rats were divided into four groups; normal control (NC) group, DM group, red ginseng (RG) group and puffed red ginseng (PG) group. The RG and PG groups were orally provided with RG or PG dissolved in water (500 mg/kg) respectively for seven weeks after single injection of STZ (50 mg/kg, i.v.) followed by identification of DM. NC group received saline vehicle instead of STZ. At the end of feeding of RG or PG, the changes of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and amylase level and serum lipid profiles were evaluated. Also, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), comet assay and histopathological examination were performed. At 7th week, the fasting blood glucose levels of the RG and PG groups were reduced compared to the DM group by 11.54% and 20.22%, respectively. The result of OGTT did not show significant differences among DM and two red ginseng groups. While serum insulin and TG levels were predominantly improved in PG group (p<0.05), serum amylase level was increased in RG group. Alkaline comet assay for checking the oxidative damage of DNA showed that TL (tail length, ${\mu}m$) and TM (tail moment) in the blood lymphocyte of PG group significantly decreased in contrast with DM group. Histopathological results of pancreas showed that destruction of exocrine as well as endocrine might be cured by the administration of RG and PG. These results suggest that PG could exert more protection against STZ-induced toxicity than RG group.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.393-398
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• 1997

An accurate early diagnosis of congenital midgut malrotation is essential to prevention of catastrophic effects of volvulus. To evaluate the usefulness of radiologic examinations in diagnosing intestinal malrotation, we retrospectively analyzed radiologic findings and operation records of 17 intestinal malrotation patients, who were radiologically diagnosed. The age range of the patients studied were from 1day to 12years. The presenting symptoms were vomiting, vomiting with abdominal pain, abdominal distention, diarrhea and failure to thrive. The viewpoints of this analysis were the location of duodeno-jejunal flexure on barium meal and cecal location on barium enema. Sixteen of 17 patients, who were radiologically diagnosed, were surgically proven, but one patient with annular pancreas was false positive. In the case of 3 surgically proved patients, malrotation was suspected on barium meal prior to the barium enema, but final diagnosis was determined on barium enema examination. We concluded that a barium enema should be performed on all children with suspected malrotation where the initial upper gastro-intestinal study was normal or suspicious on account of the small incidence of false positive and false negative barium meals.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2012

The present study was designed to examine the potential antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of ethanol extract from $Prunus$ $mume$ fruit (PME) against alloxan-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells, HIT-T15. To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of PME, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliu bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, $NAD^+$/NADH ratio and insulin secretion were assessed. We also measured its antioxidant effect against alloxan-induced oxidative stress in the cells by assessing the levels of the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The results of this analysis showed that alloxan significantly decreased cell viability, increased LDH leakage, and lowered $NAD^+$ /NADH ratio and insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells. However, PME significantly increased the viability of alloxan-treated cells and lowered LDH leakage. The intracellular $NAD^+$ /NADH ratio and insulin secretion were also increased by 1.5~1.9-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, after treatment with the PME. The HIT-T15 cells treated with alloxan showed significant decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, while PME significantly elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. Based on these results, we suggest that PME could have a protective effect against the cytotoxicity and dysfunction of pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells in the presence of alloxan-induced oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2013

This study analyzed the occurrence of tunic softness, survival rate, metabolic rate and histopathologic changes arising from the effect of hypoxic environment in order to find the causes of occurrences of tunic softness, which manifests as the key phenomenon of mass mortality of Halocynthia roretzi. Regarding the survival of H. roretzi with reduction in dissolved oxygen, all the entities died on the 4th day of exposure to the dissolved oxygen concentration of $2mg\;L^{-1}$ while 50% mortality was observed on the 5th day of exposure to the dissolved oxygen concentration of $3mg\;L^{-1}$. Therefore the 5 days-$LC_{50}$ was found to be $3.55mg\;L^{-1}$ (1.86~$4.96mg\;L^{-1}$). However, occurrence of tunic softness was not observed during the period of exposure to low oxygen concentration. The oxygen consumption rate significantly decreases at the dissolved oxygen concentration of less than $5mg\;L^{-1}$ in comparison to the control group. Therefore, it is presumed that H. roretzi controls the respiration rate for prescribed period of time when exposed to hypoxic environment. Regarding the histopathologic changes in the gill, digestive gland and cyst of H. roretzi due to hypoxic environment, necrosis of epithelial layer, in filtration of blood cells, and condensation of nucleus that compose each of the organs were observed. Regarding morphological changes, the decrease in volume with shrinking of the tunic, discoloration of the internal organs and necrosis of gill and hepatopancreas were observed.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1998

In March 1997, a new rhabdovirus was isolated from moribund cultured Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in sea water tank and cage culture systems in Kyung-Nam and Chun-Nam province, Korea. At temperature $15^{\circ}C$ the virus replicated and induced cytopathic effects (CPE), which progressed to eventual cytolysis, in susceptible cell lines, including RTG-2 and EPC. The CHES-214 cell line was refractory. Virus particles were bullet-shaped and measured $70nm{\times}100$ to 150 nm in size. The isolate was sensitive to pH 3, to diethyl ether, and to heat ($50^{\circ}C$ 5 min, $60^{\circ}C$ 1 min). Viral replication was not inhibited by $10^{-4}$ M 5-iododeoxyuridine. Virus infectivity was reduced by anti-HRV (8401-H) rabbit serum, but can not reduced by antisera against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), chum salmon reovirus (CSV), retrovirus of salmonid (RVS) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). HRV virus antigen was detected by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) in the cytoplasm of infected EPC cell. Purified isolates virions were composed of: polymerase (L), glycoprotein (G), nucleoprotein (N) and 2 matrix proteins (M1 and M2). Based upon their relative mobilities, the estimated molecular weights of the proteins were: L, 160 kDa; G, 55 kDa; N, 45 kDa; M1, 26 kDa; and M2, 22 kDa.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.131-135
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• 2010

Unidentified viral disease with high mortalities has been recorded consistently since 1998 in cultured carp Cyprinus carpio in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the histopathological characteristics of the diseased carp to evaluate the relatedness to koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). Histopathogical examination revealed severe necrotic changes and vacuous cells in the kidney, spleen, liver, pancreas, heart and intestine, but eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion, a typical characteristic of KHV infection was not detected. These results suggest that KHVD may be not a cause for the high mortality occurring among cultured carp in Korea and possibly other unknown viral disease could are related.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 1977

A piscicidal substance was isolated from the culture medium of Streptomyces umbrosus by avicel column chromatography and avicel thin layer chromatography after extration with chroloform. Bluegreen fluorescence was emitted under UV irradiation. Factors which govern toxin production and nutrition requirement for high toxin titres were observed. Nutritional uptake for toxin production was not curresponded with that for cell growth. Alanine, valine, serine asparagine, arginine, histidine, urea and sodium nitrate as a carbon source and glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, arabitol and starch as a carbon source were recognized as a favorable nutrient for high toxin production. Magnesium was essential factor whereas vitamins were not of effective. Most of toxin was formed simultaneously with cell growth in esponential phase. Maximal production was observed for six day culture at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Tissues of gill, kidney and pnacreas in Cyprinus carpio were denatured extreamly after treating with the substance. Atrophied nucleous, indented membrane and degradated cytoplasm with necrotic affectness were noted on each tissue. The chemical formula of the substance was designated as $C_{38}$ $H_{66}$ $NO_4$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.124-137
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• 2024

Malrotation and midgut volvulus are surgical emergencies that commonly occur within the first month of life. The classic symptom is acute bilious vomiting, while nonspecific symptoms such as recurrent abdominal pain may be present in older children. Malrotation can be associated with duodenal obstruction caused by an abnormal peritoneal fibrous band or congenital anomalies, such as an annular pancreas or a preduodenal portal vein. Volvulus can lead to bowel ischemia and a life-threatening condition, thus prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial. Diagnosis can be made through upper gastrointestinal series, ultrasonography, and CT, with ultrasonography being preferred as a screening tool due to its rapid and accurate diagnosis, without radiation exposure, in children. This pictorial essay discusses the key imaging findings and diagnostic approaches for malrotation and midgut volvulus, as well as diagnostic pitfalls based on actual cases.