• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.411-416
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• 2006

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.43-80
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• 2014

This study suggests a model for calculating total benefit rigorously to use the contingent valuation method (CVM) in cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Estimating households' willingness to pay through survey method, the study attempts to demonstrate if a respondent's income and the distance between a respondent's residence and the location of a target facility affect her willingness to pay. The estimation results from a structural model show that income and distance-decay effects exist and that the calculated total benefit varies largely when these effects are ignored. The study emphasizes the effects of income and distance-decay on the total benefit must be carefully considered in using CVM for CBA. Even though the total project cost is precisely estimated, the benefit/cost (B/C) ratio may differ largely when the total benefit is not correctly calculated. Also, an ad hoc model generates significantly different estimates from the utility difference model this study adopted. The difference in estimates suggests that the total benefit has to be estimated by a structural model. Finally, simulations are performed to check the validity of the model as well as to predict consequences when income and distance-decay effects are not properly treated. The results from simulations reveal it is not desirable to ignore those effects considering the perspectives of balanced regional development.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.66-76
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• 2023

The government recently implemented policies to improve transportation for the disabled passengers. On the other hand, metropolitan public transport still lacks adequate services for these individuals. Many new cities lack urban rail lines and focus on high-floor buses for expansion. Wheelchair users can only access to double-decker low-floor seat express buses for intercity travel. This study examined the necessity and rationale for introducing low-floor seat buses by estimating the user's willingness to pay through a contingent valuation method. Two methods for eliciting the willingness to pay were adopted: open-ended and dichotomous choice questions. The binomial logit model was used to estimate the willingness to pay. The results indicated that the general public is willing to pay an additional 126.7 Korean won, while the disabled passengers are willing to pay an additional 117.5 Korean won. When translated into annual economic benefits, this amounts to approximately 35 billion Korean won.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.285-308
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• 2012

The Korean supreme court said that Mrs Kim who was in a persistent vegetative state had a right to die if she had a presumed will or assumption of dying against Severance hospital in 2009. Presumed would be vague and can not be subjective to conjecture though, the court had a developed trial on the case. I recommend the higher valued notion such as the 'right to decide on the life extension' is more logical than assumptive will. To achieve this recommendation, I will search right to life, right to decision, human dignity and find the good relationship between them. In conclusion, I will announce that if PVS patients without advanced directives aren't able to express their will and no one could not assume their right to die in spite of meaningless life extension. So only the due and strict procedure about the extinction of meaningless PVS patients will allow them to sacrifice themselves or remove life extension ventilators. Also active euthanasia would be possible under the strict procedure of making advanced directives and the act of helping active euthanasia additionally, the crime of abetting suicide would not be executed in the legal scope.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

This study evaluated economic value recognized by the residents for the pleasant urban park management using contingent valuation method(CVM) to APEC Memorial Park in Pusan in terms of private fund development for the management of the city park. As a result, the estimated amount payable by each household for the management of APEC Memorial Park in Busan was between 5,673 won and 8,358 won. If such amount is expanded to households in park hosting area, it was 2.2~2.3 times of the park management budget in 2012, which demonstrates the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents for pleasant park was higher than the management budget. Social factors of respondents affecting WTP for city park management operation included age, educational level and income level. Those with high age and high education level had higher WTP. And, WTP was much affected by the use of park and recognition of residents. In particular, those with high frequency in the use of parks had higher WTP, and the users with more than once per week had 1.1 times higher WTP than overall WTP. Then, the satisfaction of park rather than recognition of necessity of park had led to higher WTP. Accordingly, it is necessary to manage park facility management and use program operation to enhance park satisfaction and it is also required to develop a park culture distribution policy to link such recognition to donation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.262-264
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• 2009

국내 마케팅 시장은 전체 분야에 걸쳐 출혈경쟁이 이뤄지고 있다. 이와 같은 환경에서 기업들이 올바른 의사결정을 통해 경쟁력을 확보하려면 시장의 잠재력을 정량적으로 파악하는 노력이 필요하다. 특히, 배후지의 인구, 직장인, 그리고 유동인구 규모 등은 시장의 잠재력을 판단하는 기본 정보다. 배후지의 인구와 직장인 정보는 국가통계 자료 등을 활용하거나 기타 추정방법에 의해 산정되어 활용되고 있다. 하지만, 유동인구에 관한 정보는 실제 거리에 나가 인구를 측정하여 활용하는 방안 외에는 마땅한 추정방법이 없는 실정이다. 이러한 이유로 유동인구가 매출에 직접적인 영향을 주는 기업들은 많은 시간과 인력을 투입하여 유동인구 수를 측정하고 있다. 하지만, 비용적인 측면에서 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 Point 기반의 인문사회 Spatial DB를 활용하여 전국단위의 유동인구를 추정하는 방법론을 제안했다. 또한, 유동인구 정보에는 연령 및 성별 비율까지 추정하여 다양한 활용이 가능하도록 하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

Pseudo sample neural network (PSNN) is a variant of traditional neural network using pseudo samples to mitigate the local-optima-convergence problem when the size of training samples is small. PSNN can take advantage of the smoothed solution space through the use of pseudo samples. PSNN has a focus on the quantity problem in training, whereas, methods stressing the quality of training samples is presented in this paper to improve further the performance of PSNN. It is evident that typical samples and highly correlated features help in training. In this paper, therefore, kernel density estimation is used to select typical samples and correlation factor is introduced to select features, which can improve the performance of PSNN. Debris flow data set is used to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methods.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.303-340
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• 2010

The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of Korea has been crucial not only for its buffering role between two Koreas, but also for the conservation of various resources across its premises. The objectives of this study is threefold. The first objective is to identify major resources that determine economic values of the DMZ and its vicinity. The second and third objectives are respectively to estimate conservation values of those resources using Choice Modeling and to test whether or not respondents living in different geographical locations have significantly different willingness to pay for the conservation. In a very conservative estimation, results showed that Korean adults have about 55,000 Won on average for conserving five major resources : the DMZ area, endangered species, cultural heritage items and sites, the Truce Village, and villages in the Civilian Conroal Zone. This equals the aggregate economic value of about 2,07 trillion Won. Moreover, significant regional differences were found in public benefits from conserving these major resources.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.557-581
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• 2019

This study tries to quantify the regional NIMBY costs to nuclear power plants. NIMBY costs are estimated as willingness to pays for avoiding nuclear power plants near residential areas through the contingent valuation method(CVM). In the study, it was assumed that the nuclear power plants were newly constructed around the residences. The result of 600 respondents living within a radius of 30 km of nuclear power plants compared to the result of 600 respondents living in the metropolitan area, which revealed that there were significant NIMBY costs to the construction of nuclear power plants in all residences. By region, the willingness to pay in the metropolitan area was greater than that in the nuclear power areas. This study focuses on NIMBY to nuclear power plants from a regional point of view, which can provide important information in establishing prudent and sound nuclear power policies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-134
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• 2005

Economic feasibility analysis for the public projects such as sewer improvement project differs from the one for the project by profit organization in that the former has to take into consideration the public benefit that cannot be priced in the market. This study presents a model case study for the economic feasibility analysis for the sewer improvement project by the City of Gumi, Korea. The project is planned for the period of 2003~2021. It utilized Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) to assess the public benefits such as improvement of environmental quality and quality of life that can not be priced in the market. WTP(Willing-to-pay) of a household of the Gumi was estimated at 2,865 Korean Won on average. The result of an economic feasibility test including the estimated WTP indicates that B/C ratio of the project turned out to be 0.97, slightly less than 1. This study is the first application of WTP estimated by CVM to the economic feasibility analysis of public project in Korea. It is expected to contribute to the decision makings in the public policy domain as well as academic development.