• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.312-323
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to analyze thermal sensation which is measured by human physioclimatic reactions in South Korea. Relationships between Temperature-Humidity Index(THI) and human thermal sensation scale are derived from a questionnaire, which investigates degree of volunteer's thermal sensation with respect to each biometeorological condition. Analyses of these empirical relationships make it possible to calculate thermal sensational indices and to classify bioclimatic types for individual weather stations based on long-term(1971-2000) averages of monthly temperature and humidity data. A generalized annual physioclimatic maps for each Annual Cumulative Thermal Sensation Index for the 68 stations are constructed to show men tend to feel in various areas. The Monthly thermal sensations are affected by latitude, altitude, orographic effects and systems of airmasses. The Annual Cumulative Thermal sensations are increasing towards northern areas and inland, and that the major factors are largely derived from cold stress in winter. The Annual Physioclimatic Types are grouped 8 climatic types(M, ES, M-ES, M-S, W-ES, C-ES, C-M, C-M-ES) according to climatic stress. Results of this study can be applied for evaluation of thermal environment in our daily activities, and for searching relevant sports training-sites, climatherapy etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.872-882
• /
• 2017

There are no specific guidelines on how to control the heat input for the heat generating smart base layer. This study investigated the mode of actuating heat pad attached to the base layer by performing a human wear test in a cold environment. Subjects participating in the test wore T-shirts, jumper and pants on the base layer with heating pads. Skin temperature, total time of heating and the number of switching for the heating mode were observed as the subject controlled the heating mode voluntarily. The comfortable range of skin temperature on the abdomen was larger than on the lower back. The subject felt hot and turned off the switch when the mean skin temperature of the abdomen was $48.8^{\circ}C$ and the lower back was $40.1^{\circ}C$. The total heating time and the number of actuating switching were larger for women than men. The voluntary action of heating for men with high cold sensitivity was significantly different from men with low cold sensitivity. Therefore, it is necessary (depending on gender and cold sensitivity) to set the heating mode differently for the automatic heat control of a future smart base layer.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 1998

These experiments were conducted to compare the growth characteristics, cold and drought tolerances, disease tolerance and color of the 23 varieties of four different species of cool-season turfgrass introduced from the United States of America and Europe at Yonam College in 1995. Newport and Glade of 8 Kentucky bluegrass varieties were recorded better marks than others. Newport variety was recorded the good marks in the disease tolerance of summer seasons, uniformity, coverage and texture, but the bad marks in color, drought tolerance and rust tolerance and stay green of automn seasons. Glade variety was recorded the good marks in the disease tolerance of summer seasons, uniformity and coverage, but the bad marks in drought tolerance, texture and Pythium blight tolerance. Revel and Revel Jr of 5 tall fescue varieties were recorded better marks than others in color, shoot density, uniformity, coverage, and tolerance of Pythium and Fusarium blight disease. All of red fescue varieties died of disease for rainy season however texture was the finest of all the species in spring season. Dandy of 4 ryegrass varieties was recorded better marks than others in color, shoot density, coverage, drought tolerance and tolerance of Pythium and Fusarium blight disease but texture.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.9-12
• /
• 2002

The agronomic characteristics and fertility of Morus tiliaefolia growing wild in Korean peninsula are as follows. The possibility of seed formation is 46∼80% and that of germination is 19∼28%. The height period of making flower is April 4-May 3, it means that is later than Morus bombycis, faster than Kaeryangppong. Green tip sprouting stage in spring is April 21∼24. This is later than Morus bombycis and faster than Kaeryangppong. The leaf has very big width and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width is 1.05. The thickness of leaf is thicker than Morous bombycis. There are a lot of matter of soluble nitrogen free, crude ash, and are little crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber in chemical contents of maturation leaf. The attitude of low cutting is spread out type and the branch is long type. The internord length is long. It is weak against cold and die-back.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.260-276
• /
• 2009

Niagara Region in Canada is located in the Northeast industrial area of North America which experienced severe de-industrialization since the 1960s. Since the climate there is very cold in winter time, agricultural activities can not be well practiced. However, this area became well-known to the world with the IceWine industry. This paper introduces and analyses how this became possible to find out factors contributing to the success and draw implications to other regions. Based on case studies on wineries, this paper concludes key factors of the success as innovative activities of founding fathers of leading wineries and cooperations among governments, universities, and wineries of the region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 1965

Comparisons in growth among 6-, 8-, and 11-year-old plantations of Pinus Taeda and Pinus rigida and 6-year-old Pinus rigitaeda growing in Kwang-yang district, southern part of South Korea, were made. They were so planted to facilitate the comparison by alternate row mixture. The results investigated can be concluded as follows: 1. The Pinus Taeda showed the highest growth and the lowest was Pinus rigida. The hybrid between Pinus Taeda and rigida was middle in height growth. 2. By stem analysis showed Pinus Taeda was about twice as much in the volume growth as pinus rigida. 3. Though Pinus Taeda is more sensitive to low temperature than that of Pinus rigida generally, no damage caused by coldness was observed in plantation of Pinus Taeda in Kwang-yang area. 4. Some protections against wind damage in young Pinus Taeda plantation are needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.204-212
• /
• 2016

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on the pain behavior and expression of TRPM8 in the dorsal root ganglion(DRG) in the rat model of ambient cold(AC) exposed osteoarthritis(OA). Methods : OA was induced by the injection of $50{\mu}l$ of 2% monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) into the knee joint cavity. To examine the level of pain, weight bearing forces(WBFs) of affected limb was measured. For the AC exposure, the animals were housed in 6 h/day at $4^{\circ}C$ for 14 days after MIA injection. Moxibustion treatment was performed at EX-LE4 and EX-LE5 with 5 cons(1, 7 or 10 mg) per day for 13 days from 5 days after MIA injection. The expressions of TRPM8 in DRG were measured by western blotting analysis. Results : The WBFs of MIA-AC group were decreased significantly compared to MIA group at 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 days after arthritis induction. After the first 6 h-AC exposure, expressions of TRPM8 in MIA-AC group were increased significantly compared to those of naive group. After moxibustion treatment, only the WBFs of 7 mg treated group were restored significantly. Moreover, the over-expressions of TRPM8 were attenuated by the moxibustion treatment in AC exposed rats. Conclusions : The data suggest that AC can increase arthritic knee pain via up-regulated TRPM8 and moxibustion treatment improve the arthritic pain via modulation of TRPM8 expression in DRG in the rat model of AC exposed MIA induced arthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.866-876
• /
• 2019

This study examined the physiological and psychological effects of wearing gloves at rest in a cold environment. Seven elderly females participated in two separate trials: wearing gloves (WG) and bare hands (BH). The experiment was conducted for 60 min in a climatic chamber (air temperature 7.8±0.3℃ with 44±2%RH) with a sedentary posture. Microclimate temperature on the left palm was 4.16℃ higher in WG compared to that in BH (p<.1). Microclimate temperature on the chest during the last 5 min increased compared to the initial 5 min only in WG (p<.05). During the last 5 min, skin temperatures at the arm and hand in WG were higher than those in BH (p<.05). There was no statistical difference in the change of rectal temperature between WG and BH. Heart rate in BH was significantly higher compared to the WG (p<.05). Subjects also felt less cold on the whole body and hand in WG than those in BH (p<.05). The findings indicate that wearing gloves for elderly females affected the distribution of skin temperature and cardiovascular response in cold environments. Elderly females should be informed about the importance of wearing gloves through the clothing guideline in winter.

• Feed Journal
• /
• v.4 no.7 s.35
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2006

우리나라는 사계절이 뚜렷한 기후적 환경으로 여름철 한낮의 외부온도가 35℃ 이상이 되는 날이 계속되고, 야간에도 25℃ 이상인 열대야가 지속되는 날이 많다. 이러한 조건하에서 양돈 생산성 향상을 위해서는 돼지의 사육환경과 성장단계별 적절한 사양기술을 투입하여야만 한다. 돼지는 생리적으로 추위에 의한 영향보다는 여름철 더위에 의한 영향을 쉬게 받으며, 이로 인해 자돈의 쇠약, 압사,수태율 저하, 번식장애 등으로 생산성 저하의 원인이 되며, 사육기간 중에 일시적인 고온스트레스가 돼지가 생존하는 동안 능력의 저하를 초래하게 된다. 특히 하절기 양돈장은 우기와 무더위로 인한 돈사내 온도의 급상승과 더불어 습도의 불균형에 의한 환경적 스트레스로 번식능력과 생산성에 크게 영향을 미칠 수 있으며,돼지에 일시적인 고온 스트레스 피해는 장기간 계속되며, 생존하는 동안 능력저하를 초래하기 때문에 농장별 사육여건에 따른 성장저해 요인을 제거하는 안목이 필요한 계절이다. 즉,5~9월 모돈에 고온스트레스가 가해지면 11~12월, 다음해 1월 모돈의 분만율은 최저가 되고 , 이 시기에 생산된 자돈은 추운겨울을 이겨내야 함으로 육성률도 낮아지며, 이로 인해 4~7월의 출하성적은 최저가 되는 것이다. 따라서 모돈 관리는 5~9월이 집중관리가 필요한 시기이기도 하다. 고온 다습한 환경 하에서 어미돼지는 영양불균형과 생체리듬의 파괴로 인하여 신생자돈의 폐사가 증가할 수도 있고,이유 후 1주일 이내 발정 재귀율이 약 30%정도 감소하고 무발정돈이 많이 발생되며, 수태가 되어도 조기 배아사멸 및 흡수로 인하여 수태율이 25%까지 감소될 수 있다. 현재 국내 양돈농가에는 예년과 같이 돼지 조모성질환의 발생이 늘어나고 있고, 어려움을 겪고 있는 농장이 많은 것으로 조사 보고되어지고 있는데, 이는 농장에 사육되는 돈군이 외부환경에 대한 적응능력과 질병에 저항력이 부족하여 쉽게 질병에 노출되어 발생함으로 농장에는 돼지가 스트레스를 받지 않게 외부 환경과 사양관리 측면에 심혈을 기울려 강건한 축군을 유지하려는 노력이 무엇보다 우선되어져야 한다고 생각된다. 따라서 본고에서는 여름철에 돼지 스트레스를 줄이고 생산성을 향상시키기 위해 돼지의 생리변화와 돈사 급수설비와 사료관리 및 사육관리에 대해 알아보고자 한다.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2012

This study analyzed and examined the entries of natural disasters recorded in Samguk-sagi in relation to the natural thoughts. In the ancient Korean view of nature thought the Unified Shilla dynasty surveyed their view on nature in terms of terrestrial upheavals. In the first place, I came to know that the important natural disasters such as droughts, floods, hails, locusts, earthquakes, thunderstroke, storms uprooting trees, tornado etc. recorded in Samguk-sagi have something in common with the entries of natural disasters in the ancient Chinese histories. Accordingly, they interpreted natural disasters in terms of good omens and heavenly punishments. The king refrained from luxurious food and drink, released prisoners or reduced their sentence as a sign of his benevolence. They thought that natural disasters were caused by the heavenly instruction due to lack of virtue on the part of the king. I think that these were acts of ritual on the part of the king as a ruler to fulfill his responsibility for a benevolent administration.