• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

최근 한국어에 대한 자연어 처리 연구는 딥러닝 기반의 자연어 이해 모델을 중심으로 각 모델의 성능에 대한 비교 분석과 평가가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 한국어 생성 모델에 대해서도 자연어 이해 영역의 하위 과제(e.g. 감정 분류, 문장 유사도 측정 등)에 대한 수행 능력만을 정량적으로 평가하여, 생성 모델의 한국어 문장 구성 능력이나 상식 추론 과정을 충분히 평가하지 못하고 있다. 또한 대부분의 생성 모델은 여전히 간단하고 일반적인 상식에 부합하는 자연스러운 문장을 생성하는 것에도 큰 어려움을 겪고 있기에 이를 해결하기 위한 개선 연구가 필요한 상황이다. 따라서 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 한국어 생성 모델이 일반 상식 추론 능력을 바탕으로 문장을 생성하도록 KommonGen 데이터셋을 제안한다. 그리고 KommonGen을 통해 한국어 생성 모델의 성능을 정량적으로 비교 분석할 수 있도록 평가 기준을 구성하고, 한국어 기반 자연어 생성 모델의 개선 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.353-356
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• 2009

OWL 온톨로지의 확장 가능한(scalable) 추론(reasoning)에 대한 접근 방법으로 SQL로 구축된 논리 규칙을 관계형 데이터베이스에 저장되어있는 개체(individual)에 대한 사실(facts)과 공리(axioms)들에 적용하는 것이다. 예로서 미네르바(Minerva)는 서술 논리 프로그램(Description Logic Program, DLP)을 적용함으로써 ABox 추론을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 관계형 데이터베이스를 기반으로 추론을 시도하며, 대규모 논리 규칙 집합을 사용한 추론을 시도한다. 뿐만 아니라, 특정 클래스에 속한 익명(anonymous)의 개체들과 개체들의 묵시적(implicit)인 관계성 추론을 시도하며, 필요한 경우 새로운 개체를 생성함으로써 명시화하여 추론을 시도한다. 더욱이, 추론의 논리 패러다임(paradigm)에서부터 데이터베이스 패러다임에 이르기까지 변화 시켜가면서 카디널리티(cardinality) 제약을 만족하는 개체들에 대한 제약적인 추정 추론을 시도하며, 벤치마크 테스트 결과 향상된 추론 능력을 얻을 수 있음을 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.524-532
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that student's abductive reasoning skills play an important role in the generation of hypotheses on pendulum motion tasks. To test the hypothesis, a hypothesis-generating test on the pendulum motion and a prior knowledge test about the length of the pendulum motion were developed and administered to a sample of 5th grade children. A significant number of subjects who have the prior knowledge about the length of the pendulum motion failed to apply that prior knowledge to generate a hypothesis on a swing task. These results showed that students' failure in hypothesis-generating was related to their deficiency in abductive reasoning ability, rather than the simple lack of prior knowledge. Furthermore, children's successful generating hypothesis should be required their abductive reasoning skills as well as prior knowledge. Therefore, this study supports the notion that abductive reasoning ability beyond prior knowledge plays an important role in the process of hypothesis-generation. This study suggests that science education should provide teaching about abdctive reasoning as well as scientific declarative knowledge for developing children's hypothesis-generating skills.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-70
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to confirm one of constructivists' assumptions that even children 조o are with low reasoning ability can make reflective abstracting ability and cognitive structures by this ability can make generation ability of new knowledge by themselves. To investigate the assumption, learner-centered instruction were implemented to 2nd grade classroom located in Suseong Gu, DaeGu City and with lesson plans which initially were developed by Burns and corrected by the researchers. Recordings videoed using 2 video cameras, observations, instructions, children's activity worksheets, instruction journals were analyzed using multiple tests for qualitative analysis. Some conclusions are drawn from the results. First, even children with low reasoning ability can construct mathematical knowledge on multiplication in their own. ways, Thus, teachers should not compel them to learn a learning lesson's goals which is demanded in traditional instruction, with having belief they have reasoning ability. Second, teachers need to have the perspectives of respects out of each child in their classroom and provide some materials which can provoke children's cognitive conflict and promote thinking with the recognition of effectiveness of learner-centered instruction. Third, students try to develop their ability of reflective and therefore establish cognitive structures such as webs, not isolated and fragmental ones.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.321-340
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze how lower graders in elementary school might respond to 4 different problem types in the context of measuring length: unit-length comparison, units and unit counting, unit-length expectation, and length comparison. A total of 375 students(185 second graders and 190 third graders) were surveyed and analyzed. The results showed that students were good at 'unit-length comparison' and 'units and unit counting', whereas they were not as to 'length comparison', This paper includes detailed analysis of students' responses as to both correct answer and incorrect one in conjunction with their typical answers and reasoning behind the answers. This paper suggests that teachers be sensitive to the certain level of reasoning tied to each type of problems and attend to students' difficulties in comparing length.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.359-380
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• 2007

This study was conducted with two 6-graders to identify how were their proportional reasoning abilities, whether they evolved proportional thinking in a various context, and what had influence on their proportional thinking. The findings, as previous researches noted, suggested that the proportional expression obtaining by instrumental understanding could not provide rich opportunities for students to improve understanding about ratio and proportion and proportional reasoning abilities, while being useful for determining the answers. The students were able to solve proportional problems with incorporating their knowledge of divisor, multiples, and fraction into proportional situations, but not the lack of number sense. The students easily solved proportional problems experienced in math and other subjects but they did not notice proposition in problems with unfamiliar contexts.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.101-111
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• 2019

This study was to examine association between working memory and social cognitive ability, and the influence of story-use on social cognitive ability. To this end, this study measured working memory(via n-back), and randomly assigned 82 participants into three groups(5th level intentionality, 3rd-level intentionality, and exposition conditions), and then compared the accuracy of perspective taking and emotion recognition(RMET: Reading Minds in the Eyes Test) as social cognitive ability. The results suggested that perspective taking accuracy was significantly associated with working memory capacity, whereas emotion recognition accuracy was not. Contrary to the hypothesis, perspective taking in the 5th-level intentionality story group were significantly lower than those in the 3rd-level intentionality story group. Emotions recognition accuracy was not significantly different among the three groups. Overall, this study produced inconsistent results, which has been discussed in terms of theory and methods.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2002

Two experiments were performed to explore the effects of the types of property and the tasks on the pattern of property inference in a source selection task in which the source objects were to be selected. animals that were globally similar to the target animal was selected as possible sources when the target properties were anatomical. However animals that were strongly associated with the target property were selected when the target properties were about ability In a passive inference task where premises were given. the global similarity between the source objects and the target object differently affected the confidence of the conclusion depending on the types of the target property: The similarity between the source and the target affected the degree of confidence when the target properties were anatomical ones, but did not affect when the target properties were about ability. The results suggested that participants seemed to have primitive understanding of the relevance of sources to the target properties, but did not. spontaneously seek or use the relevant information.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose temperature inference system for indoor and outdoor temperature of the Air-Conditioner with limited sensors. The proposed system based on the network theory of biological immune system consists of indoor and outdoor temperature inference process. It is designed that on-line temperature inference is possible. This system is admirable for unlearned data as well as given input data by making efficient use of previous information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.742-746
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• 2006

Evaluation of learning ability of students is classified a step of diagnostic, formative and summative evaluation. This step-by-step evaluation is the standard of synthesis judgement, from a student's prior learning of preparation state to devotion of learning process and even learning result. In this paper, we propose the method of synthesis learning evaluation which is considered evaluation of each step in using fuzzy inference. In order to get objective evaluation of learning ability, we applied to the weights by evaluation steps. And we reflected defuzzification values of final evaluation membership function interval obtained by fuzzy inference about diagnostic, formative and summative evaluation. As a result, it processes definite inference ensures objectivity and shows validity of the synthesis evaluation method.