• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.295-300
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• 2001

Additional costs as well as schedule delay are occurred due to change orders in today's construction projects. Additional costs, overhead calculation methods are of various types. In a foreign country cases, many claims related to the loss of labor productivity quote research statistics data. In domestic cases, the study of the reason why the loss of labor productivity occurs and its effect have not been performed. Therefore, this paper analyzes factors affecting lost productivity and a methodology is presented to estimate the lost productivity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.30
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• pp.94-111
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• 1996

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.6
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• pp.641-648
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• 2007

To develop a dynamic system project in which the requirement changes frequently, it's impossible to finish the development within a fixed-cost due to additional budget occurring in need of requirement creep. To manage the successive project within a fixed-cost, it's better to manage the ratio of necessarily changed size of project and necessary optional requirement. According to Bhagwat, it is occurred in the construction phase. Also, he stated that the software development cost, construction phase cost and requirement cost are equal and it was wrong explanation in the ratio of requirement creep and optional requirement. This paper assumes the requirement creep to be happening in the phase of elaboration and construction. In addition, some differences were supposed to happen between software development cost, construction phase cost, and requirement creep cost. As a result, the reality was preferred rather than the ratio of optional requirement and the ratio of requirement creep.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.367-391
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• 2013

After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the external costs of generating electricity from nuclear power plants such as additional safety compliance costs and possible accident risk action costs have gained increasing attention from the public, policy-makers and politicians. Consequently, estimates of the external costs of nuclear power are very deliberate issue that is at the center of the controversy in Korea. In this paper, we try to calculate the external costs associated with the safety of the nuclear power plants, particularly focusing on additional safety compliance costs and possible accident risk action costs. To estimate the possible accident risk action costs, we adopt the damages expectation approach that is very similar way from the external cost calculation of Japanese government after the Fukushima accident. In addition, to estimate additional safety compliance costs, we apply the levelized cost of generation method. Furthermore, we perform the sensitivity analysis to examine how much these social costs increase the electricity price rate. Estimation results of the additional security measure cost is 0.53Won/kWh ~ 0.80Won/kWh depending on the capacity factor, giving little change on the nuclear power generation cost. The estimates of possible accident risk action costs could be in the wide range depending on the different damages of the nuclear power accident, probability of the severe nuclear power accident and the capacity factor. The preliminary results show that it is 0.0025Won/kWh ~ 26.4188Won/kWh. After including those two external costs on the generation cost of a nuclear power plant, increasing rate of electricity price is 0.001%~10.0563% under the capacity factor from 70% to 90%. This paper tries to examine the external costs of nuclear power plants, so as to include it into the generation cost and the electricity price. This paper suggests one of the methodologies that we might internalize the nuclear power generations' external cost, including it into the internal generation cost.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.12B
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• pp.1481-1488
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• 2011

Recently, Hacking Attacks are appearing as a various Attack techniques with evolution of the Network. and most of the network through a Various Security Systems are responding to an attack. In addition, it should be placed adding the Security Systems to protect the Internal Network's Information assets from External attacks. But, The use of Security Systems inside the network makes a significant impact on Security and Performance, as well as a result causes Economic Additional Costs. Therefore, In this paper, it will be to analyze by associated a case study and experimental results about the Additional Costs Factors(Variable situations difficult to predict and Information Security Recognition levels, Security Systems, Information Asset Assessment). This is expected to serve as a valuable Information for the Reduction of an Costs in a Network deployment and Design in a future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.209-230
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• 2007

This paper analyzed the social cost function of a congestion-prone service system, which is developed from the social cost minimization problem. The analysis focused on the following two issues that have not been explicitly explored in the previous studies: the effect of the heterogeneity of value-of-travel-times among customers on the structure of cost functions; and the structure of the supplier cost function constituting the social cost function. The analysis gave a number of findings that could be summarized as follows. First, the social marginal cost for one unit increase in system output having a certain value-of-travel-time is the sum of the service time cost for that value-of-travel-time and the marginal congestion cost for the average value-of-service-time of all the system outputs. Second, the marginal congestion cost equals the marginal supplier cost of system output under the condition that supplier compensates the customers for the changed service time costs which is incurred by the marginal capacity increase necessary for economically facilitating an additional system output. Third, the compensated marginal cost is the multiple of the marginal capacity cost and the inverse of system utilization ratio, if the service time function is homogeneous of degree zero in its inputs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2005

데이터베이스 성능에 문제가 발생하게 되면 운영 시스템의 사양을 업그레이드하거나, 자원을 그대로 유지하면서 효율적으로 작업이 가능하도록 튜닝을 하게 된다. 시스템의 사양을 업그레이드하는 방법은 CPU, 메모리 등 OS 상의 제한된 자원을 비용을 들여 추가 또는 교체하게 되나 투자비용에 비해 성능 개선 효과는 제한적이다. 그에 반해 튜닝은 추가 비용 투자 없이 한정된 자원을 활용하여 성능개선 효과를 얻게 된다. 그러나 이러한 튜닝도 언제, 어떻게 적용해야 할지를 몰라서 비용과 성능 개선에 손해를 보는 경우가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 보완하여 시스템 구축 초기 단계인 요구분석 단계부터 마지막 단계인 시험 및 유지보수 단계까지 각 단계마다 IDEF0 모델링 방법을 적용한 튜닝 모델링을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.412-414
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• 2004

요구사항 추출 단계에서 고객의 요구의 일부가 반영되지 않거나 명확히 기술하지 않은 요구사항은 개발단계에서 많은 수정 작업이 요구되고, 심지어 그 프로젝트가 실패하게 되는 요인이 된다. 이와 같은 요구사항의 문제로 인한 추가적인 비용은 전체 개발비용의 30~50%나 소요된다(Boehm 과 Papaccio 1988). 하지만 요구사항 추출 단계에서 고객이 원하는 요구를 가능한 많이 추출하고 검증함으로써 추가적인 변경으로 인한 개발비용의 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 고객의 요구를 정확히 반영하기 위해서는 요구사항 추출 과정에서 고객의 참여가 매우 중요한데 본 논문에서는 성공적인 요구사항 추출 및 검증과 명세를 위해 사용자의 참여를 높이기 위한 웹 기반 요구사항 추출 도구를 소개하고 명확한 요구사항을 표현할 수 있기 위해 다이어그램을 통합한 요구사랑 관리도구를 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.845-848
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• 2013

유 무선 통신망을 통한 여러 서비스들에 대해 정보의 정확성, 전달속도 및 신뢰성은 서비스 제공에 중요한 요소도 작용된다. 뿐만 아니라 최근 정보보호의 인식이 커지면서 보안 적용도 중요한 요소로 자리 잡고 있다. 하지만 보안 적용 시 속도 지연 및 서비스 품질 저하의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 문제는 보안 적용에 필수적인 암호 알고리즘 수행 시 내부적으로 소모되는 연산 비용이 크기 때문에 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 암호 장치를 추가한 테스트 환경을 구축하여, 보안을 적용하였을 때 소모되는 비용을 암호 알고리즘 레벨로 측정 및 분석하였다. 결과적으로 암호 장치를 추가하여 암호를 수행했을 때 암호화에 대한 소모비용은 데이터 통신에 많은 영향을 주지 않는다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1159-1162
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• 2007

빠른 IT기술의 발전과 함께 휴대폰 시장 역시 대량생산에서 벗어난 차별적인 모델을 개발하기 위해 많은 개발자들이 연구 중에 있다. 개발자들이 빠르고 안정적인 응용 프로그램을 개발하기 위해 디버거를 필요로 하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 하드웨어 디버거를 이용하면 별도의 추가비용과 장비를 휴대해야 하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이동성 보장과 디버거 장치 추가비용의 절감을 위한 소프트웨어 리모트 디버거의 기능중 하나인 메모리뷰에 대해서 알아보고 큰 용량의 디버깅 작업을 빠르고 쉽게 처리 할 수 있는 메모리 뷰의 속도 향상 알고리즘에 관하여 논한다.