• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2009

A bi-directional symmetric prediction technique has been developed to improve coding efficiency of B-slice and to reduce the computational complexity required to estimate two motion vectors. On the contrary to the conventional bi-directional mode which encodes both forward and backward motion vectors, it only encodes a single forward motion vector, and the missing backward motion vector is derived in a symmetric way from the forward motion vector using temporal distance between forward/backward reference frames to and from the current B picture. Since the backward motion vector is derived from the forward motion vector, it can halve the computational complexity for motion estimation, and also reduces motion vector data to encode. This technique always derives the backward motion vector from the forward motion vector, however, there are cases when the forward motion vector is better to be derived from the backward motion vector especially in scene changes. In this paper, we generalize the idea of the symmetric coding with forward motion vector coding, and propose a new symmetric coding with backward motion vector coding and adaptive selection between the conventional symmetric mode and the proposed symmetric mode based on rate-distortion optimization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.699-709
• /
• 2017

This study was performed to develop and evaluate functional prepared with optimum mixing of mulberry leaf and fruit powder using response surface method (RSM). In order to develop the optimized functional Nokdujukr using RSM, mulberry leaf powder (MLP:X1) and mulberry fruit powder (MLF:X2) were set as independent variables, and pH (Y1), sweetness (Y2), viscosity (Y3), L (Y4), a (Y5), b (Y6), color (Y7), flavor (Y8), taste (Y9), overall quality (Y10), TPC (Y11), and DPPH radical scavenging ability ($IC_{50}$)(Y12) were set as dependent variables. The optimum mixing ratio of MLP and MLF was determined to be 3.88 g of MLP and 6 g of MLF. The values of color, flavor, taste, overall quality, TPC, and DPPH radical scavenging ability ($IC_{50}$) of optimized Nokdujuk were 5.20, 5.85, 6.00, 6.22, 330.99 mg TAE/g and 650.10 g/mL, respectively. In conclusion, this study has led to the development of an improved version of Nokdujuk that has antioxidative properties and good sensory evaluation and, will likely serve as a functional meal replacement for the busy modern world.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.22 no.1 s.91
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 2006

To enhance the acceptance of hondonbyung ddeuksal, the optimal conditions for the addition of the leaf and root of Angelicae powder were evaluated with the central composite design and response surface methodology. With variations in the mixing ratio of the leaf and root of Angelicae powder, the smell and overall quality of hondonbyung differed significantly, but the color, taste and texture did not. The optimal conditions for the leaf and root content of Angelicae powder, predicted on the basis of each corresponding sensory parameters of hondonbyung ddeuksal, were $2.25\sim3.00%\;and\;0.50\sim0.63%$ for color, 1.55% and 0.85% for smell, 1.95% and 0.80% for taste, $1.00\sim1.22%\;and\;0.58\sim0.99%$ for texture and $2.79\sim3.00%\;and\;0.50\sim0.56%$ for overall quality, respectively. As for hondonbyung komul, there were no significant differences in color, smell, taste, texture or overall quality among the traditional group, and 10% and 20% reduced sweetener' groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.826-833
• /
• 2010

Electric-thermal-structural actuated compliant mechanisms are mechanisms onto which electric voltage drop is applied as input instead of force. This mechanism is based on thermal expansion of material while being heated. Compliant mechanisms are designed subjected to electric charge input using BESO(bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization) method. Reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) is applied to the topology design of actuators. performance measure approach (PMA), which has probabilistic constraints that are formulated in terms of the reliability index, is adopted to evaluate the probabilistic constraints. In this study, BESO method is used to obtain optimal topology of compliant mechanisms from initial design domain. PMA approach is used to evaluate reliability index. The procedure has been tested in numerical applications and compared with the results obtained by other methods to validate these approaches.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 1999

3차원 트러스 구조물을 설계대상으로, 구조계와 제어계의 동시최적설계문제에 대하여 고찰하였다. 구조 설계에대한 최소중량설계와 제어 설계에대한 외란 억제문제를 설계목적으로 고려하였다. 그리고, 본연구의 유용성을 입증하기위한 수치 시뮬레이션의 결과를 기술하였다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.14
• /
• pp.151-164
• /
• 2008

Cross platform game has brought about the expansion of game market, which results in technology innovation overcoming the limit of game consumption. The new model integrates both off and online game services. Gamers can now enjoy game service regardless of age, time, and space. If the technology evolution model of digital contents like cross-platform game engine can provide contents for several platform at the same time, the interactive service can be utilized into maximum level. It is also necessary to allocate, switch data as well as to innovate the transmission technology of data according to each platform. Providing the same contents for several platform as many as possible can be the most suitable strategy to enhance the efficiency and profits. However if the interactive service can be accomplished completely, the development of data switching technology and distribution should be made. To be a leader in the next digital contents market, one should develop the network engine technology which can embody the optimization of consumption in the interactive network service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2008

Paprika oleoresin (PO) and artificial Kimchi flavor (AKF) were added to Kimchi to improve the sensory qualities deteriorated by gamma irradiation in terms of color and flavor. Optimum concentration of both PO and AKF resulting from the sensory evaluation was 0.2%. The redness and capsanthin contents of Kimchi decreased by gamma irradiation at 25 kGy during storage at $35^{\circ}C$. However, the redness and capsanthin contents of gamma-irradiated Kimchi was increased by the addition of 0.2% PO, and maintained during the storage at $35^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The result from the sensory evaluation indicated that sensory qualities of gamma-irradiated Kimchi were effectively improved by the addition of PO and AKF during storage at $35^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the combined treatment of additives (PO and AKF) and gamma irradiation can be considered as an effective method to improve the redness and sensory qualities of Kimchi sterilized by high-dose gamma irradiation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2015

This paper presents a polynomial time algorithm to the minimum cardinality feedback edge set and minimum weight feedback edge set problems. The algorithm makes use of the property wherein the sum of the minimum spanning tree edge set and the minimum feedback edge set equals a given graph's edge set. In other words, the minimum feedback edge set is inherently a complementary set of the former. The proposed algorithm, in pursuit of the optimal solution, modifies the minimum spanning tree finding Kruskal's algorithm so as to arrange the weight of edges in a descending order and to assign cycle-deficient edges to the maximum spanning tree edge set MXST and cycle-containing edges to the feedback edge set FES. This algorithm runs with linear time complexity, whose execution time corresponds to the number of edges of the graph. When extensively tested on various undirected graphs both with and without the weighed edge, the proposed algorithm has obtained the optimal solutions with 100% success and accuracy.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.4 no.3 s.8
• /
• pp.9-22
• /
• 2005

Route travel cost in transportation networks consists of actual route travel cost and route perception cost. Since the route perception cost is differently perceived according to each origin and each destination, route search has limitation to reflect the note perception cost due to route enumeration problem. Thus, currently employed advanced traveller information systems (ATIS) have considered only actual route travel cost for providing route information. This study proposes an optimal and a K-route searching algorithm which are able to reflect the route perception cost but encompass route enumeration problem. For this purpose, this research defines the minimum nit of route as a link by adopting the link label technique in route searching, therefore the comparison of two adjacent links which can be finally expanded the comparison of two routes. In order to reflect the characteristics of route perception in real situation, an optimal shortest cost path algorithm that both the forward search from the origin and the backward search from the destination can be simultaneously processed is proposed. The proposed algorithm is applied for finding K number of shortest routes with an entire-path-deletion-type of K shortest route algorithm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.158-164
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to statistically analyze the signal intensity pattern according distance from the surface coil center and to maintain optimal signal intensity under clinical circumstances where the surface coil centers are not correctly positioned due to various causes. The cylindrical fluid phantom was placed and moved from the coil center in vertical direction with 1 cm increments. The signal intensities were measured and compared. As a result, the signal intensity showed no significant difference within 4 cm and 1 cm from in T1 weighted images while in T2 weighted images the signal intensity was maintained up to 5 cm and lower 3 cm in the upper and lower direction from the coil center. In conclusion, to maintain the optimal signal intensity the target region should be located within the reference distances proposed in this study.