• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.477-484
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• 1984

The crude lipid contents in meat, skin and viscera of eel were 24.94, 20.00 and 14.96, respectively, and higher than the other fresh water fishes. The free lipid was consisted in order of neutral lipid(86.71~94.94), phospholipid(4.13~12.74) and glycolipid(0.63~1.22), and the bound lipid in order of phospholipid(51.74~75.21), neutral lipid(14.41~36.82) and glycolipid(5.12~7.51). The neutral lipid in free lipid was mainly consisted of TG(68.51~95.22), and that in bound lipid TG(36.54~39.94), ES & HC(17.20~18.01), and MG(15.81~18.11). The phospholipid in free lipid was mainly consisted of PC (32.40~56.08) and PE(18.71~31.09), while that in bound lipid PC (<42.51~67.90) and PS (23.37~34.49). The contents of major fatty acid of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}$(16.58, 14.10, $C_{18:0}$(12.44, 7.36), $C_{18:1}$(16.01, 15.78), $C_{20:4}$(10.01, 6.11) $C_{20:5}$(4.20, 8.67) and $C_{22:6}$(10.26, 18.32) and those of nonpolar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}$(22.31, 18.61), $C_{18:0}$(4.36, 5.69, $C_{18:1}$(36.30, 27.20) $C_{20:5}$(2.88, 2.38) $C_{22:5}$(6.38, 5.11) and $C_{22:6}$(1.20, 5.11). The total essential fatty acid(TEFA) content of polar lipid in meat was ranged from 17.33 to 22.88, and 2.0~3.0 times higher than that of nonpolar lipid, and the TEFA content of bound lipid in meat was ranged from 11.54 to 22.88, and 1.5~2.0 times higher than that of free lipid. The w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid(w3-HUFA) content of polar lipid in meat was ranged from 8.63 to 42.85, and higer than 11.48 to 14.42 of nonpolar lipid. Also the w3-HUFA content of bound lipid in meat was ranged from 13.35 to 42.85, and higher than 11.48 to 18.63 of free lipid. The w3-HUFA content in meat was higher than that in skin and/or viscera

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.592-596
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to analyze proximate compositions, minerals, vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids of Angelica keiskei Koidz. The contents of raw leaf and stem juice were compared with those of aerial whole plant. The aerial whole plant was relatively rich in crude fiber. The leaf juice was rich in lipid, protein, minerals, vitamins and amino acids whereas the stem juice was rich only in sugar and some kinds of fatty acids.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.10-19
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• 2017

This paper presents the status and characteristics of oil and gas industry and the guideline for investment of producing asset or petroleum and natural gas rights(PNG rights) in Canada. The Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin(WSCB) consists of around 11 main formations, and petroleum has actively been produced at the Montney, Cardium, Viking and Bakken formation. However, the drilling activity declined to 1,917 in Q1, 2016 from 5,724 in Q1, 2014 and 3,365 in Q1, 2015 which dropped 67% and 43% respectively because of the low oil price since 2014. Also, the price of oil and gas asset decreased 34~47% on reserves and production base, and the PNG rights for development decreased 81~97% based on total bidding price, bidding area and unit bidding price. Therefore, it is very favorable environment for Korean companies entering into the Canadian petroleum business especially in PNG rights acquisition which needs smaller investment compare to asset acquisition and shows sharpest value depreciation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.394-399
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• 2007

In this study, the characteristic qualities of whole soymilk were examined based on differing hydrolysis condition. The results showed that as the concentration of enzyme preparation(KMF-G) increase, $^{\circ}Brix$, calcium-binding capacity, and the content of free amino acid components also increased. Additionally SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a similar pattern of in the molecular weight of proteins at enzyme preparation concentration 0.20 and 0.35%(w/w). The quality of whole soymilk hydrolysate was shown to be best at a enzyme preparation(KMF-G) concentration of 0.20%(w/w) and hydrolysis time of 60 min. When sterilized at 115, 130 and $145\;^{\circ}C$ for 15 sec each the change in whole soymilk quality was not substantial. Based on the above results, a 0.20%(w/w) enzyme preparation(KMF-G) concentration and 60 mim hydrolysis time was determined to be the optimal hydrolysis condition for whole soymilk. It is anticipated that soymilk hydrolysis will a food material that is diverse in its application and uses.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.436-441
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• 2011

The change in physicochemical and sensory properties and bioactive compounds of Campbell grape juice has been investigated for 30 days at $-5^{\circ}C$. The pH and sugar/acid ratio of the cold stabilized juice increased, while titratable acidity and soluble solids decreased as cold stabilization period is prolonged. Juice samples became lighter, yellowish to brownish and lesser red in color as can be observed with the increasing $L^*$ and $b^*$ values, and decreasing $a^*$ value, respectively. The juice cold stabilized for a shorter period of time showed higher levels of bioactive compounds and radical scavenging activity, and was more preferred by the panelists than the juice cold stabilized for a longer period of time. These results suggest that cold stabilization period affected the quality characteristics of grape juice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2011

This study investigates the effects of Psidium guajava L. leaf (Pg) extract, Lagerstroemia speciosa L. leaf (Ls) extract, and mixture A (Pg, Ls, Morus indica L. leaf, Pinus densiflora needles, Acanthopanax senticosus M. roots extract) on db/db mice. For four weeks, db/db mice were fed powdered extracts of Pg, Ls, and mixture A. Compared to the diabetic control, extracts of Pg, Ls and mixture A decreased body weight, glucose and insulin. The greatest decreases were caused by mixture A. These extracts decreased the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid compared to the diabetic control. The antihyperlipidemic effect of mixture A was the greatest. Mixture A also significantly decreased injuries of Langerhans' islets compared to the diabetic control. Mixture A showed a beneficial synergistic effect due to the supplementary pharmacological actions of the ingredients in contains, indicating that it improved hyperglycemia without the side effect of weight gain.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2021

In this study, enzymes were screened for hydrolysis of defatted perilla seed residue (DPSR) and optimal conditions for enzymatic treatment were determined to produce the hydrolysate of DPSR. Also its antioxidant activity and utilization as a culture medium were examined. The combined treatment of Alcalase and Ceremix is most effective for solubilization of protein and carbohydrate in DPSR. The optimal dosage, pH, and reaction time for enzymatic treatment were found to be 2.0% (w/w), 7.0, and 2 h, respectively. Treatment with optimal conditions of enzymes dramatically increased reducing sugar, soluble protein, and total phenolic content. The hydrolysate of DPSR possessed better scavenging activity against cation and free radicals than enzyme-untreated extract. When Leuconostoc mesenteroides 310-12 was cultured in the hydrolysate of DPSR, cell population rapidly increased compared to enzyme-untreated extract, and titratable acidity increased in proportion to the bacterial growth. In conclusion, these results imply that the hydrolysate of DPSR could be utilized as a bacteria culture medium as well as a physiologically active material with antioxidant activity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica complexes(OCB) on the intake of water and food, body weight, blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four different groups; non-diabetic control(NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic OCB of 2%(OCB-2), and diabetic OCB of 5%(OCB-5). The animals were fed on each experimental diet for 3 weeks. The DC, OCB-2 and OCB-5 groups showed a higher intake of water and food than the NC group. The fasting blood glucose levels were 100 $ mg/d{\ell}$ and 416 $ mg/d{\ell}$ for the NC and DC groups, respectively. The OCB-5 group presented a significantly low fasting glucose level of 21%(P<0.05), while OCB-2 group had a decrease of 13% compared to the DC group. As for the results of the glucose tolerance test, the highest blood glucose level was observed for all the groups at 30 minutes after the glucose injections as well as higher plasma insulin levels in the OCB-5 group. Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were also lower in the OCB-2 and OCB-5 groups. The experimental diet did not affect the HDL-cholesterol levels. The overall results suggest that the higher intake of food by the OCB-2 and OCB-5 groups improved the blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2010

Ixeris dentata var. albiflora Nakai, a herbal plant, is often used to make a strong stomach as an antiphlogistic used when dyspepsia and to improve appetite in Korea and China. And also it is used for adult diseases such as diabetes and liver diseases as Korean traditional medicine. In this study, the composition and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the root of Ixeris dentata var. albiflora Nakai and its effects on cell viability on vero and chang cells were investigated. Moisture, crude ash, crude protein and crude lipid were 79.14, 2.49, 8.28 and 2.56 g/100 g respectively. The highest mineral content was K. The major free sugars were glucose, fructose and sucrose. Major fatty acid are linoleic acid, palmic acid and linolenic acid. Major amino acids were glutamic acid, arginine and aspartic acid and the total contents of amino acids were 28.12 mg/g. The methanol extracts were further fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water to get an active fraction. In addition, cell viabilities in each fraction were determined. Methanol extract, butanol, and aqueous fraction showed strong survival rates in vero cell and chang cell viability test, and hexane, chloroform, and ethylacetate fraction were examined for toxin in a cell. The root of Ixeris dentata var. albiflora Nakai had scavenging activities against DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent assay. Ethylacetate fraction's SC50 was $6.8\{\mu}g/mL$, very strong DPPH radical scavenging activities, but water fraction did not show any activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.859-865
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• 2007

The chemical components and antioxidative activity of Korean gold kiwifruit were investigated. The values of pH, soluble solid and total acidity were 4.43${\pm}$0.16, 17.01${\pm}$0.04$^{\circ}Brix$, and 0.082${\pm}$0.02%, respectively. Hunter L, a, and b values were 49.80${\pm}$0.24, -6.79${\pm}$0.02, and 19.72${\pm}$0.18 value, respectively. Proximate compositions were as follows; moisture 78.62${\pm}$2.26%, crude protein 1.34${\pm}$0.25%, crude lipid 0.70${\pm}$0.06%, crude fiber 1.99${\pm}$0.13%, crude ash 0.99${\pm}$0.26%, and carbohydrate 16.36${\pm}$1.23%, respectively. Mineral elements were K 265.86${\pm}$5.00, P 71.82${\pm}$29.18, and Ca 23.84${\pm}$2.10 mg%, respectively. Free sugar compositions were sucrose (1.04${\pm}$0.18%), glucose (2.17${\pm}$0.21%) and fructose (1.86${\pm}$0.11%). Amino acid contents of Korean gold kiwifruit was very rich in glutamic acid 86.51 ${\pm}$5.58 mg/100 g and deficient in tyrosine 15.00${\pm}$4.91 mg/100 g. Organic acid compositions were quinic acid (6.65${\pm}$0.21 mg/g), malic acid (1.62${\pm}$0.13 mg/g) and citric acid (4.82${\pm}$0.21 mg/g). Contents of ascorbic acid and total phenols were 0.27${\pm}$0.06 mg/g and 0.047${\pm}$0.002 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power of the water extract from Korean gold kiwifruit was 86.87% and 1.96 at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. The water extract showed considerable antioxidative activity against linoleic acid autoxidation in a dose-dependent manner.