• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.576-584
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• 2020

In order to obtain basic information for using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel as a tissue mimicking phantom for temperature visualization, the temperature change characteristics due to the focused ultrasound were examined for different concentration of PVA. To obtain the basic acoustic characteristics, the speed of sound, the attenuation coefficient, and the density depending on the PVA concentration were measured, and the thermodynamic characteristics, such as thermal conductivity and heat capacity, were measured. The range of temperature rising in the vicinity of the focal point due to the focused ultrasound was observed using a thermochromic film that changes color at 30 degree or more, and the discolored area was obtained by image processing of the recorded image. As the concentration of PVA increases in the given range of 2 wt% ~ 16 wt%, the area that rises above 30 degree inside the gel increases linearly. It is confirmed that the discolored area increases as the power applied to the focused ultrasonic transducer increases. These results showed good agreement with the simulation results using the finite element method.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare core muscle activity and thickness in the abdomen (internal Oblique, IO; External Oblique, EO; Transverse Abdominis, TrA) according to walking training methods. Tests were performed on 20 healthy men who randomly assigned to two groups, divided by Nordic walking (n=10) or Power walking group (n=10). They were performed Nordic walking or Power walking training for 2 weeks that is consistent with each of the assigned groups. Results demonstrated that Nordic walking was more effective than Power walking in improving IO and EO activities. Nordic walking is believed to be useful method for a variety of therapeutic exercise as a stable balance with the stick in addition to normal gait and trunk stability.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.745-761
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• 2014

To address the problems of existing traffic information acquisition systems such as high cost and low scalability, wireless sensor networks (WSN)-based traffic information acquisition systems have been studied. WSN-based systems have many benefits including high scalability and low maintenance cost. Recently, various sensors are studied for traffic surveillance based on WSN, such as magnetic, acoustic, and accelerometer sensors. However, ultrasonic sensor based systems have not been studied. There are many issues for WSN-based systems, such as battery driven operation and low computing power. Thus, power saving methods and specific algorithms with low complexity are necessary. In this paper, we introduce optimal methodologies for power saving of ultrasonic sensors based on the modeling and analysis in detail. Moreover, a new vehicle detection algorithm for low complexity using ultrasonic data is presented. The proposed methodologies are implemented in a tiny microprocessor. The evaluation results show that our algorithm has high detection accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2002

Nonlinear acoustic effect has been considered as an effective tool for the evaluation of material degradation. In this paper, the applicability of nonlinear acoustic effect to the evaluation of degraded 2.25Cr-1Mo steel is investigated. Firstly, artificial aging was performed to simulate the microstructural degradation in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel arising from long time exposure at $540^{\circ}C$. Secondly, ultrasonic nonlinear parameter was quantitatively measured by bi-spectrum and power spectrum. Nonlinear acoustic parameter from bi-spectrum was found to be clearly sensitive to the aging time.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.10-15
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• 2011

In the case of designing an acoustic transducer for high power application, we usually aim to transfer the source electric energy to the output acoustic energy as large as possible. For this purpose, we should match the impedance of the power amplifier to the impedance combined with the acoustic transducer impedance and the radiation impedance. Especially if we have electrical source with almost zero impedance, we need improve the power factor of the acoustic transducer in the load. In this paper, we propose a broad band impedance matching method by the improvement of power factor, which applies ABCD matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 1990

Recently, research on the non-destructive testing of concrete has been rapidly increasing in relation with the quality, reliability, durability, and uniformity of concrete used in architectural structures. In this paper, the most important problem is the attenuation phenomena on throughing the side of concrete by ultrasonic wave, and applied tone-burst to decrease the attenuation in minimum. As the result, the correlation between crack-depth and propagation-time, maximum-spectrum and out-amplitude, in-frequency and maximum-spectrum are found to be excellent. The coefficient of each are +0.975, +0.847, -0.718. The merit of tone-burst through this experiment is that the start of reception wave is very excellent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 가볍고 내구성이 뛰어난 Al을 다양한 공정 조건에서 냉연 강판에 코팅하여 코팅층의 밀도 측정으로부터 치밀도를 알아보았다. 99.95% 순도의 Al 타겟을 사용하여 강판(냉연강판)과 실리콘 웨이퍼 시편에 증착시켰다. 시편은 알코올과 아세톤으로 초음파 세척을 하였으며 진공용기에서 펄스 전원 공급 장치를 이용하여 플라즈마 청정을 약 30분간 실시하였다. 시편 청정이 끝나면 ${\sim}10^{-6}$ Torr 까지 진공 배기를 실시하고, Ar 가스를 진공용기 내로 공급하여 ${\sim}10^{-3}$ Torr로 진공도를 유지하면서 스퍼터링으로 박막 코팅을 실시하였다. 전자석에 전류를 인가하지 않은 시편의 Al 코팅층 밀도는 bulk 밀도의 81%이며 전자석에 역방향 3 A의 전류를 인가시킨 시편의 Al 코팅층 밀도는 bulk 밀도의 약 94%를 보였다. Al 코팅층의 SEM 분석 결과, 스퍼터링 파워 증가에 따라 Al 코팅층 조직에 기공이 많아지고 두께가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 전자석의 순방향 전류가 증가하면 박막의 두께가 증가하고 치밀도가 낮아지는 반면 전자석의 역방향 전류가 증가할수록 Al 코팅층의 조직은 치밀해졌으며 전자석 전류를 역방향 3 A로 고정하고 스퍼터링 파워를 변화시켜 Al을 코팅하면 타겟 인가전압 1.5 A에서 가장 치밀한 Al 코팅층 조직을 얻을 수 있었다. 가장 치밀한 조직을 갖는 $1.57{\mu}m$의 Al 코팅층은 염수분무 시작 후 약 48시간 후에도 적청이 전면적의 5% 이내로 발생하였다. 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 냉연강판에 Al을 증착하였고 치밀한 조직의 박막을 형성함으로써 냉연 강판의 내식성을 향상할 수 있는 공정기술을 개발하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

The object transport system is used in many industry field such as the conveyor belt, which transports huge goods in container harbor, the magnetic levitation system, and the indexing system which transports precision components such as semiconductor and optical components. In conventional transport system, the magnetic field may damage semiconductor and the contact force may scratch on the optical lens. So ultrasonic wave transport system has been proposed to replace the previous transport system. In this paper, the good transport condition of optical lens is obtained according to the flexural beam shapes. The working frequency and transport speed are measured and the vibration characteristics of the flexural beams are investigated by Laser Scanning Vibrometer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.201-201
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• 2008

박형초음파모터의 구조는 그림 1(a) 와 같이 크로스형태의 앓은 스테이터에 윗면과 아랫면에 각각 8 개의 압전세라믹이 부착된 형태이다. 압전세라믹의 분극방향은 로터와 접촉하는 스테이터의 A, B, C, D 네 개의 타점에서 순차적인 타원변위가 생성되도록 결정된다. 유한요소해석프로그램인 ATILA 5.2.4를 사용하여 최적설계를 한 결과 폭 3[mm], 길이 18[mm], 두께 1.8[mm], Brass 재질, Mid surface clamp 조건에서 입력전압 18[Vrms] 일 때 0.3[${\mu}m$]의 변위를 보였다. 최적설계된 모델을 제작하였고, 정확한 실험결과를 얻기 위해서 푸쉬풀게이지, x-y스테이지, rpm 메타, 토크게이지를 이용하여 실험테이블을 구성하였다. 그림 1(b) 는 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용한 구동 드라이버를 보여준다. 한 주기에서 1/4분주의 순차적인 네 개의 구형파를 생성하고, 이를 push-pull회로를 동하여 90도의 위상차가 나는 정현파를 생성하여 초음파 모터의 구동전원으로 사용한다. 엔코더와 AD 컨버터를 이용하여 정속도 운전을 위한 피드백 제어가 된다. 제안된 구동드라이버를 이용하여 측정한 결과, 구동 주파수 88.6[kHz], 입력전압 [40Vrms], preload 0.2 [N]에서 130 [rmp] 의 속도와 25 [gfcm] 의 토크특성을 보였다. 압력전압을 증가시킬수록 속도는 선형적인 증가를 보였고, 토크는 이와 반대로 감소하는 특성을 보였다. 피드백 제어회로가 없는 경우에는 preload 변화에 따른 극심한 속도 변화를 보였고, 피드백 제어를 하였을 경우에는 0.2~0.4[N]의 범위에서 정속도 운전이 가능함을 확인하였다. 기존의 주파수발생기와 파워 엠프를 이용한 구동장비와의 특성비교에서도 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 장시간의 운전에도 안정적인 구동이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.379-392
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• 2021

In this study, an improved acetone-water fractional precipitation process for paclitaxel using ultrasonic cavitation bubbles and gas bubbles was developed. Compared to the conventional method, the time required for precipitation has been reduced by 20~25 times. In addition, the particle size of paclitaxel decreased by 3.5~5.5 times and the diffusion coefficient of paclitaxel increased by 3.5~6.7 times. In the case of precipitation using ultrasonic cavitation bubbles, as the ultrasonic power increased and the temperature decreased, the precipitation rate constant increased. In the case of precipitation using gas bubbles, as the gas flow rate increased and the temperature decreased, the precipitation rate constant increased. Thermodynamic parameters revealed the exothermic, irreversible, and nonspontaneous nature of the improved fractional precipitation.