• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.303-307
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• 2004

The scale of ship's cargo transport is getting larger, more economics of scale are gained the speed is higher and the size of quay fundling equipment in container terminal is larger. The productivity cf the quay qffects occupation for limited scale of yard. This paper aims to calculate the yard occupation by handling systems, such as OHBC, RMGC, RTTC, etc, and lay-out.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.253-260
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• 2004

In these days, 8000TEU container ship service launches in shipping service at latest based on the economy of scale, unit cast related with ship operation on ocean decreases in proportion to increase of ship scale and mega ship over 10,000TEU is on planning. This paper is analyzed the economic efficiency for reduction qf calling port in the operation cost, port chnrge, feeder cost, etc by an empirical analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.667-679
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• 2022

Fatigue damage analysis of ships includes parameters considering operational factors. Due to these operational variables, there is a difference between the fatigue damage estimated during the design stage and the actual accumulated fatigue damage. Likewise, there are various loading conditions for the real container ships, but at design stage the fatigue damage is calculated by applying the representative loading conditions. Moreover, although the difference in fatigue damages is expected when the actual and design loading conditions are applied, there are few studies on the contributions of the fatigue damage based on the loading conditions of container ships. In this paper, fatigue contributions were investigated from various cargo weight distributions. The hull girder loads calculated through seakeeping analysis and fatigue damages obtained by performing spectral fatigue analysis were identified under new loading conditions. As a result, it was found that the variation of cargo weight distribution in the container ship brought about changes in the hull girder loads and fatigue damage by affecting the hull girder stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.138-139
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• 2019

In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, automated technology innovation is emerging, and container terminals are being developed to introduce automation equipment and systems. With the advent of ultra-large vessels, terminals around the world are seeking to build port infrastructure by combining automated technology in order to attract more cargo and to enhance competitiveness to provide prompt service. To introduce automated technology that is emerging as a high-tech industry, this study proposes a structural equation model for the decision to introduce automated container terminal and conducts a questionnaire survey on workers engaged in terminal operators for empirical analysis. This paper presents the role and direction of guidelines for introduction of automated container terminal through decision model.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.15-28
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• 2016

Port of Busan is Korea's largest trading port processing over 18,000 TEU a year. This rapid growth causes air pollution problems in Busan. Ship emissions are significant air pollution sources and port area is relatively close to the business district, therefore it may have serious effects to the health of local people and environment. In this study, ship emissions are estimated, especially on hotelling large vessels. As a result, Port of Busan has 50,686, 48,842 ship calls and 2,343,037 and 2,297,118 tons of ship emissions in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Also, the environmental cost in Port of Busan is approximately 1.2 trillion won per year. This study emphasizes the necessity of ship emissions regulation, hence, it is expected to make a significant contribution in setting up ship emission management system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2020

The production of larger of ships is a survival strategy for global shipping companies to pursue the economics of scale. According to this strategy, to respond to this situation, many containers are loading/unloading simultaneously in the hub port. Additionally, the container terminals are promoting the introduction of automation to expand the terminal facilities and increase efficiency/productivity of the container yards. European ports have introduced automation to address rising labor costs and shortages of labor. Recently, the construction of fully automated container terminals is increasing in the United States and China to resolve problems such as the slow growth of the global economy, the emergence of large ships, air pollution, and safety accidents. Domestic ports are at an early stage compared to the world's advanced container terminals, and countermeasures are being prepared to respond to the changing ports. However, research on the recognition difference analysis that examines the opinions of stakeholders is insufficient. As a result of analyzing the recognition among the groups, it was found that container terminal operators reduced labor costs, improved shipping services for shipping companies, prevented safety accidents for port union labor, and increased service for port authority and government agencies. Thus, to closely examine the perception among the groups, one-way ANOVA was performed, and then the implications were deduced as the basic data for the smooth introduction of automation.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2009

조선업을 포함한 다양한 산업 분야에서 후판 강재의 수요량 증가와 함께 사용 범위 또한 폭넓게 되고 있다. 특히, 선박의 수송효율의 극대화를 위하여 컨테이너선의 대형화가 급속하게 진행되고 있으며, 2009년 현재1,300TEU 이상의 초대형 컨테이너선이 건조되고 이다. 이처럼 용접구조물의 초대형화에 따른 사용강재 또한 고강도 극후물화 되고 있다. 현재 선박에 적용중인 고강도 강재는 EH47 강재로 YP 460MPa 급의 강재가 Hatch Coamming부에 적용중에 있으며, 강재의 두께 또한 70mm 이상이다. 이러한 고강도 극후물재의 강구조물에 적용에 따른 선급협회에서는 용접부에서의 취성균열 전파에 의한 취성파괴의 위험성이 있으므로 강재의 두께를 제한하고 더욱 엄격한 파괴인성값을 요구하고 있다. 일본선급협회(NK)를 중심으로 취성균열의 정지를 위한 모재의 요구 성능등에 관한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 이 연구의 대부분의 전제 조건은 선박의 블럭과 블럭의 조립시에 용접부가 직선형이 아닌 계단형(Butt shift)를 하는 것으로 하고 있으므로, 국내의 조선건조 공법의 현실과는 거리감이 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 조선사에서 수행중인 직선 이음부에 대한 시공 공법에서 취성균열이 발생하여 진전 되더라도 균열을 정지 시킬 수 있는 기술에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 균열의 진전은 대부부의 연속면에서는 정지를 시키지 못하고 직진 전파 하여서 파괴에 도달하게 된다. 따라서 뭔가의 불연속적인 면을 임의로 생성하여야 균열을 정지 시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 균열의 정지 방법으로 형상적인 측면과 재료적인 측면에서 검토를 수행하였다. 형상적인 측면에서는 균열을 정지 시키고자 하는 위치에 불연속적인 면을 만들기 위하여 일정 크기의 hole을 만들어서 균열을 정지시켰으며, 재료적인 측면에서는 고인성의 용접재료를 사용하여서 취성균열이 진행하는 경로에 인성을 높은 재료를 적용하여 불연속적인 면의 생성과 함께 인성을 높여서 균열을 정지 시키는 기술을 개발하였다. 이러한 기술의 개발을 통하여 취성균열의 전파에 의한 파괴를 방지 할 수 있으며, 용접구조물의 안전성 확보를 가능하게 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.789-797
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• 2021

The worldwide sizes of container ships are rapidly increasing. The container ship size in 2005, which was about 9,200 TEU has increased to 24,000 TEU in recent times. In addition to the increase in the sizes of the container ships, the arrivals/departures of large container vessels to/from Korea have also increased. Hence, the necessity for reviewing safe passage of such vessels is emphasized. In the present study, a 24,000 TEU container vessel was used as a model ship to calculate the under-keel clearance (UKC) at Gadeok Channel through which vessels must pass to arrive at Busan New Port, in accordance with the Korean Port and Fishing Port Design Standards and Commentary. In addition, the maximum allowable speed that meets UKC standards was calculated using various squat formulas, whose results were then compared with the current speed limit standards. The analysis results show that Busan New Port requires 10% marginal water depth, and the squat that meets this requirement is 0.95 m. Gadeok Channel requires 15% marginal water depth, and the squat that meets this requirement is 1.78 m; in this case, the maximum allowable speed is calculated as 15 kts. Busan New Port has set the speed limit as 12 kts, which is higher than the calculated 11 kts. Thus, speed limit reconsideration is required in terms of safety. However, the set speed limit for Gadeok Channel is 12 kts, which is lower than the calculated 15 kts. Thus, additional considerations may be provided to increase the speed limits for smooth navigational passage of vessels. The present study, however, is constrained by the fact that it reflects only a limited number of elements in the UKC and allowable speed calculations; therefore, more accurate UKC and safe speed values can be suggested based on extended studies to this research.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.781-786
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• 2010

In this study, a new concept of ocean transport system, called the mobile harbor serving for a short distance transport of containers with cargo handling cranes between mother containerships and coastal ports, is introduced. Instead of direct berthing a very large containership at the coastal port, Mobile Harbor is moving to the offshore mooring basin with enough water depth condition. Therefore, investigation of the coastal environment, technical condition and limitation of the domestic trade ports for the application of Mobile Harbor, is essential process. To figure out the accessibility of mobile harbor, the environmental conditions, the cargo handling capacity and marine traffic volume and flow pattern has been analyzed with the tools for marine traffic simulation and virtual navigation aids system. The most proper Mobile Harbor mooring areas among trade ports of the south and east coast are selected by analyzing the obtained information and evaluating its application: (1) Under natural environmental conditions such as air and sea weather, three candidate areas are selected such as Masan port, Ulsan port, and Busan(New port) port. (2) Under marine traffic and appropriateness of water facilities, three candidate areas are selected as Mokpo port, Busan(New port) port, and Donghae & Mookho port (3) For a region-based analysis considering handling capacity and the local managed trade ports in vicinity, three candidate areas are selected as Busan region, Yosu & KwangYang region, and Mokpo region. Through this study, the basic guideline for selection of optimum trade port and offshore mooring basin for mothership and Mobile Harbor is recommended. In order to apply the Mobile Harbor to the real water, navigaton aids as the virtual route identification with AIS must be introduced for maritime safety in the vicinity of Mobile Harbor area which berthing and cargo handling is being conducted.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2016

Damages of the main engine aftmost bearing and the after stern tube bearing tend to increase due to misalignment. And as the shafting system becomes stiffer due to the large engine power, whereas the hull structure becomes more flexible due to optimization by using high tensile thin steel plates. And this is the reason that more sophisticated shaft alignments are required. In this study, the optimum shafting alignment calculation was carried out, considering the thermal expansion effect, exploiting the sensitivity index, which indicates the reasonable position of forward intermediate shaft bearing for shaft alignment. and as the main subject in this study, the elastic deformation on intermediate shaft and main engine bearings occurred by vertical load of shaft mass were examined thoroughly and analyzed allowable load of bearings, reaction influence numbers of all bearings. As the result, a reliable optimum shafting alignment was derived theoretically. To verify these results, they were referred to the engine maker's technical information of main engine installation and being used shafting alignment programs of both Korean Register of Shipping and Det Norske Veritas, their reliability were reviewed.