• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1810-1818
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• 1996

A new finite elemetn approach is introduced for direct prediction of bland shapes and strain distributions from desired final shapes in sheet metal forming. The approach deals with the geometric compatibility of finite elements, plastic deformation theory, minimization of plastic work with constraints, and a proper initial guess. The algorithm developed is applied to cylindrical cup drawing, square cup drawing, and fron fender forming to confirm its validity by demonstratin reasonable accurate numerical results of each problems. Rapid calculation with this algorithm enables easy determination of various process variables for design of sheet metal forming process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.917-920
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• 2008

ECC is a special kind of high performance cementititous composite which exhibits typically more than 2% tensile strain capacity by bridging microcracks at a crack section. Therefore, micromechanics should be adopted to obtain multiple cracking and strain hardening behavior. This paper propose a linear elastic analysis method to simulate the multiple cracking and strain hardening behavior of ECC. In an analysis, the stress-crack opening relation modified considering the orientation of fibers and the number of effective fibers is adopted. Furthermore, to account for uncertainty of materials and interface between materials, the randomness is assigned to the tensile strength(${\sigma}_{fci}$), elastic modulus($E_{ci}$), peak bridging stress(${\sigma}_{Bi}$) and crack opening at peak bridging stress(${\delta}_{Bi}$), initial stress at a crack section due to chemical bonding, (${\sigma}_{0i}$), and crack spacing(${\alpha}_cX_d$). Test results shows the number of cracking and stiffness of cracked section are important parameters and strain hardening behavior and maximum strain capacity can be simulated using the proposed method.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2010

This study is to consider applicability of spiral bolt strain gauge as an instrument measuring behavior of soft ground foundation and rock slope. When the instrument was installed on the ground, it can be useful to identify the state of ground behavior because it has the characteristics of flexibility, as well as to apply the ground reinforcement because it has higher pull-out resistance to the ground. From the measurement of behavior to soft ground foundation, the strain shows a stable state in the beginning, then was observed significant change in the upper and the middle of spiral bolt strain gauge after 400 days. This is analyzed that ground loosening, which is due to occurred frequent earthquake of magnitude 1~2 with increased rainfall, lead to the instability of the ground. From the measurement of behavior to rock slope, the strain shows a stable state with very little change in a period of 0~50 days and the biggest strain at 4.2 m (P6) in a period of 50~100 days, then other places except P6 was maintained at a stable state in a period of 100~160 days. The reason is analyzed because that blasting for excavated limestone surrounding was affected to the largest at P6. However, based on the size of strain change by behavior of the soft ground foundation and rock slope, it is considered that the present condition are not effected on stability of retaining structure and rock slope. In conclusion, the proposed spiral bolt strain gauge can be useful to measure behavior of soft ground foundation and rock slope, and also to be measured behavior as well as reinforcement of the target ground.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 1996

The results of a series of triaxial compression tests on remolded normally consolidated clay are compared with the predictions .by the isotropic single -hardening constitutive model, which incorporates eleven parameters. The parameters can be determined from undrained triaxial compression tests on isotropically consolidated specimens of remolded clay. The model with the determined parameters is applied to predict the stress-strain and pore pressure behaviors for untrained triaxial compresion tests on anisotropically consolidated specimens. Also the model is utilized to predict the stress strain and voltmetric strain behavior for drained triaxial compression tests on both isotropic and anisotropic specimens. The predicted response agrees well with the measured behavior for undrained triaxial compression tests on not only isotropically but also anisotroically but also anisotropically consolidated specimens. The initial volumetric strain is, however, predicted to be less than the measured value from drained triaxial compression tests, while the predicted volumetric strain close to failure is greater than the measured value. Nevertheless, it may be stated generally that overall acceptable predictions are produced. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that the applicability of the model on prediction of the behavior of normally consolidated clay is achieved sufficiently.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2017

We investigated the feasibility of parylene F usage as an intermediate layer between a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and an Au thin-film interconnect as well as the swelling effect of PDMS substrate on the stretchable deformability of an Au thin film. The 150-nm-thick Au film, which was sputtered on a PDMS substrate without a parylene F layer, exhibited an initial resistance of $11.7{\Omega}$ and an overflow of its resistance at a tensile strain of 12.5%. On the other hand, the Au film, which was formed with a 150-nm-thick parylene F layer, revealed an much improved resistance characteristics: $1.21{\Omega}$ as its initial resistance and $246{\Omega}$ at its 30% elongation state. With swelling of PDMS substrate, the resistance of an Au film substantially decreased to $14.4{\Omega}$ at 30% tensile strain.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.10 no.3 s.36
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• pp.407-421
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to provide and verify an analytical method, based on the spline finite strip method, which can be used to investigate the buckling mode and stress of thin-walled steel sections. Geometric imperfection and initial stress of plates and plate assemblies, which are resulted from various preloadings and may cause prebuckling deformations before buckling, are included in the analysis. Material nonlinearity and residual stress are also considered. It can be applied to sections with simple or non-simple boundary conditions and arbitrary loading. The method has been applied to investigate the buckling behavior of plates and plate assemblies which are subjected to compression with initial imperfections and residual stresses.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 1995

The factors affecting on the fatigue strength of spot_welded specimens have been studied. The influence of initial overloads on the fatigue life of spot_welded tensile_shear specimens is investigated by considering fatigue crack initiation and crack propagation. The change of strain range and the influence of initial overload are correlated on the basis ol strain results. The results of this study are as follows. l) The initial absolute strain range decreased with initial overloads increase, and absolute strain range decreased before transformation of waveform of strain, but increased after transformation of waveform of strain. 2) In case of subsequent point of inflection of offset strain, the increment of this strain decreased with initial overload increase. 3) As initial overloads increase, the deformation behavior of spot welded parts is restricted after overloading.

• Composites Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.32-36
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• 2002

Recently, the applications of composite materials become broader to civil engineering as well as mechanics and aerospace engineering. Cracks on the civil structures like bridges can cause stress concentration, which induces Peak splitting of fiber Bragg grating sensor and it makes strain measurements difficult. In this study, 4-point bending test of concrete beam with initial crack reinforced by composite patch was conducted in order to verify the effects of the stress concentration on the peak signal of FBG sensor and a novel method for signal maintenance.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.335-339
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• 2007

A jointed plain concrete pavement(JPCP) slab was tested in Incheon International Airport construction work to study the early-age property of JPCP slab. The temperature and moisture data of the concrete slab had been collected and analyzed. The setting time of the concrete was decided by using the maturity method. The initial setting time is 2 hours 40 minutes after the placement of the slab. The investigation and analysis of the slab began from the initial setting time. The strains of different locations and different depths of the slab show different variation character.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.15-24
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• 1996

로켓모타의 연소관은 구조적인 편의성 및 경량화를 위하여 도옴-실린더부와 실린더-노즐부에 나사체결방법을 많이 적용하고 있는데, 나사의 골부위에 집중응력이 발생하여 인장강도를 넘는 응력이 발생하는 경우가 있다. 본 연구에서는 나사의 골부위의 응력수준을 좀 더 정확히 예측하기 위하여 나사체결시 작용하는 조립 토오크에 의한 초기하중을 고려한 구조해석을 수행하였으며, 나사부위에 발생하는 응력이 항복강도를 초과하므로 정확한 해석을 위하여 탄소성해석을 수행하였다. 조립 토오크에 의한 초기하중은 나사체결 멈춤부에 음(-)의 접촉 간극을 부여하여 모델링하였으며, 조립 토오크의 크기는 나사체결 근접부에서 변형률을 측정하여 모사하였다. 해석결과 초기하중을 고려하여 구조해석을 수행하면 최대예상 작동압력에서 초기하중의 영향은 거의 나타나지 않았으며, 마찰계수를 감소시키면 최대응력이 감소하여 구조적 안전성이 증가할 것으로 판단된다.