• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.873-883
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• 2015

From August 2012 to April 2013, the ichthyofauna and post-restoration properties of Yangjae stream were investigated. A total of 1,503 fish of 2 forms, 16 species and 5 families were studied during the survey period. A survey of the distribution of freshwater fish inhabiting Yangjae stream after restoration of the stream showed large populations of Zacco platypus and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus. From the frequency distribution of the total length for the Zacco platypus population inhabiting Yangjae stream, it was estimated that there are 4 distinct age groups, with an abundance of the 27-63 mm (Age $0^+$) category accounting for 51.3% of the population. The regression coefficient (b) for the length-weight relationship in Zacco platypus was 3.27, while the slope of the condition factor was positive, demonstrating that stable growth conditions are being maintained. Analysis of tolerance and trophic guilds showed a decrease in the numbers of sensitive species and insectivore species further downstream, and an increase in tolerant species and omnivore species. Principal component analysis using community indices and indices of biotic integrity (IBI) showed that there were differences according to the survey time: the first and second surveys showed major changes on certain single species populations while during the third survey, it was analyzed that the populations of various types of fish had established balance.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.412-418
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• 2007

The dynamics of Zacco platypus population of upstream and downstream in the lake Hoengseong, Korea were investigated from April to October 2005. Length-weight relationship, condition factor (K) and relative condition factor $(K_n)$ of Z. platypus were compared by the study stations. The equations based on length-weight relationship in the lake Hoengseong were $Log(T_w)=-2.2s+3.18{\cdot}Log(T_L)\;(r^2=0.99)$. The result in comparison of variations of Z. platypus populations, in lake was more remain to better than in upstream and downstream them. Also the b value, assessed by Length-weight relationship in lake was 3.36, in upstream and downstream were 3.09, 3.15, respectively indicating the fish in lake better than stream. The slopes of population condition controlled by K factor also showed positive relationship. It was higher in lake environment than in stream sample, reflecting that population of Z. platypus distributed in lake Hoengseong was favorable and stable condition. The lake environment seems to be providing more favorable condition for Z. platypus population.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2002

본 연구는 성인 남자의 식생활 형태가 혈중지질 농도에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위한 기초적인 연구로 영남의료원의 건강피검진자를 대상으로 식습관, 영양소 섭취량, 혈중지질농도를 조사하였다. 전체 조사대상자 220명중에 정상인 133명(60.5%), 경계수준군과 고콜레스테롤환자군은 각각 62명(28.2%)과 25(11.3%)를 차지하였다. 조사대상의 평균연령은 $48.4\pm9.5$세이었고, 체중은 $67.7\pm10.2kg$이었다. 평균 Broca's 지수(RBM)와 체질량지수(BMI)는 각각 $109\pm14.3$, $23.6\pm3.0$이었다. 식습관이 좋은 사람이 12명(5.4%)이고 보통인 사람이 130명(59.1%)에 해당하였으며 나쁜 사람이 78명(35.5%)으로 나타났으며, 식사형태와 식품의 배합에 대한 인식이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 조사대상자의 혈중 중성지질의 평균농도는 약 115.8mg/dL이었고, $90\sim120mg/dL$인 사람이 대상자 220명중에 131명으로 전체의 59.9%를 차지하였다. 조사 대상자의 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도의 평균은 192.4mg/dL이었고, 혈중 콜레스테롤의 농도에 따른 대상자의 분포는 $180\sim210mg/dL$인 대상자가 73명으로 전체의 33.2%를 차지하여 가장 많았고 $150\sim210mg/dL$사이 포함되는 사람이 전체의 60.5%로 133명인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1979-1990
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• 2009

This study suggests apparel sizing systems for obese women in their twenties to fifties. Size Korea body measurement data were used for sampling the obese subjects by obesity judgment indices. A total of 7 obesity judgment indices frequently used in the clothing field were inspected and the measurement data of 499 females defined as "obese" by over 5 obesity judgment indices were analyzed. The results of the study were as follows: A total of 2,212 female body measurement data for the Size Korea Project were collected. These were compared with the 499 data of the obese women in the study. Except for all heights and some lengths correlating with heights, the measurements of obese women were larger than the entire group of females. Bust girth, hip girth, and height were selected as control dimensions of the outerwear covering the upper body; waist girth and hip girth were selected as control dimensions of the outerwear covering the lower body. In each crosstabulation table, 3cm pitches and 5cm pitches by bust girth, waist girth, and hip girth were compared in the aspects of coverage and coverage efficiency. Finally, sizing charts for outerwear covering the upper body and the lower body of obese women were established in the study through the comparison of the coverage and the coverage efficiency. These Size charts were given by 5cm pitches as final sizing systems. Size number of outerwear covering the upper body was 10 and size number of outerwear covering the lower body was 9. In addition, the body measurements of control dimensions and referable dimensions for making garments are given.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.174-189
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to determine the weight-length relations and condition factor (K) of Zacco platypus, along the trophic gradients from oligotrophic to eutrophic state in six reservoir ecosystems ($B_aR$, $Y_yR$, $J_yR$, $G_pR$, $Y_dR$, and $M_sR$), during 2008~2010. The species was selected as a sentinel species for the study, due to its wide distribution and wide trophic gradient. The analysis of trophic state index (TSI), based on total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), indicated that reservoirs of $Y_yR$ and $B_aR$ were classified as to be in an oligotrophic state (30~40), the $J_yR$ and $G_pR$ as mesotrophic (40~50), and the $Y_dR$ and $M_sR$ as eutrophic state (50~70). Total 47 species and 26,226 individuals were sampled from 6 reservoirs and sensitive species dominated in the oligotrophic reservoirs ($Y_yR$ and $B_aR$). In the mean time, the tolerant speciesdominated the community in the mesotrophic ($J_yR$ and $G_pR$) and eutrophic ($Y_dR$ and $M_sR$) reservoirs. Regression analysis of body weight, against the total length, indicated that the regression coefficient (b value) was lower in the oligotrophic reservoir (2.77~2.79) than the mesotrophic (3.07~3.17) and eutrophic reservoirs (3.15~ 3.21). This result suggests that the population growth rate Zacco platypus reflected the trophic gradients of the reservoirs. The analysis of condition factor (K) against the total length showed positive slopes (b>3.0) in mesotrophic and eutrophic reservoirs, and a negative slope (b<3.0) in oligotrophic reservoir. The variation of the regression slope of "b" in Z. platypus was accounted for 79.7% [$b=0.012{\times}TSI(TP)+2.395$, p=0.017] by the variation of TSI (TP) and 82.2% [$b=0.013{\times}TSI(Chl-a)+2.36$, p=0.013] by the variation of TSI (Chl-a). The proportion of DELT abnormality increased as the trophic state increases in the reservoirs. The overall data suggest that the growth of the fish populations, based on the length-weight relations and condition factor, reflected the trophic state of nutrient and phytoplankton biomass of the reservoir waters. Thus, in spite of the tolerant characteristics of Z. platypus, hypertrophic states might negatively affect the health of the population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.634-664
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of the nutrition education on body weight, visceral fat and diet quality in the postmenopausal women. The subjects (n = 101) were randomly divided into two groups: Nutrition education + Exercise (NEE) group (n = 51) and Exercise only (EO) group (n = 50). Nutrition education was consisted of counseling in portion control, food selection for low carbohydrate, high fiber food items and for the improvement in micronutrient intakes and diet quality. After 6 months, the reduction in the body weight and visceral fat area was significantly greater in the NEE than in the EO group. The NEE subjects were further divided into two groups according to the amount of visceral fat area reduction; high visceral fat area loss (HVL) group with a visceral fat area reduction 2.35% or greater and low visceral fat area loss (LVL) group with a reduction less than 2.35%. In the HVL group, the reduction in body weight, BMI, percent body fat, waist to hip ratio and visceral fat area was significantly greater than that in the LVL group. We observed a significant increase in the serum HDL-cholesterol level and a decrease in systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sucrose, total and LDL-cholesterol levels in the HVL group compared to the LVL group. The energyadjusted protein, fiber, calcium, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, vitamin E intakes were significantly increased in the HVL compared to LVL group. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were also increased in the HVL group compared to the LVL group. These results show that our nutrition education program was an effective intervention measure for the reduction of body weight and visceral fat, blood pressure, glucose and lipid levels in the blood and also for the improvement of nutrient intake and diet quality in postmenopausal women who are overweight.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2008

Reproductive ecology of the silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus were investigated by histological observations and morphometric data. Samples were collected by the stow net at the coastal area of Jaun-Do, Muan-gun, Korea, from January to December, 2006. P. argenteus is dioecious, the ovary is composed of many ovarian lobules, showing a pair of saccular structure, and the testis is composed of many seminiferous lobules, showing a pair of lobular structure. From February (growing stage) to September (after spawning), monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and condition factor in females and males showed similar patterns with the gonad developmental phases. Judging from the results of their indice, it is assumed that spawning in females and males occur from May to July. The reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages in females: early growing stage (February to March), late growing stage (March to April), mature stage (March to July), ripe and spent stage (May to July), and recovery and resting stage (July to February); in males, the cycle can be divided into four successive stages: growing stage (February to April), mature stage (March to June), ripe and spent stage (May to July), and recovery and resting stage (July to February). According to the frequency distributions of egg diameters in the breeding season, P. argenteus is presumed to be spring-summer spawning species and polycyclic species to spawn 2 times or more during one spawning season. Number of total eggs in absolute fecundity were proportional to body length and body weight, respectively. Number of total eggs in absolute fecundity per body weight were also proportional to the body length, but if the increase of body weight considerably increased, rather total eggs in relative fecundity decreased with the increase of body weight. Percentage of first sexual maturity of P. argenteus were over 50% in females and males of 12.1 to 15.0 cm in body length, and 100% for fishes over 18.1 cm in length. Therefore, both sexes were regarded to be sexually mature at one year of age.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.346-356
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• 2013

This study investigated the daily physical activity level, energy expenditure, energy balance, and body composition and their relationship with university students. The participants were 130 male students ($19.5{\pm}0.5$ yrs) and 139 female students ($19.5{\pm}0.3$ yrs) at a university in Chungnam province. Physical activity level was evaluated by an equation based on 24 hr-activity record and dietary nutrient intake was evaluated using the food record method during a three-day period consisting of two week days and one weekend. Body composition was measured using Inbody 430 (Biospace Co., Cheonan, Korea). As a result, mean body mass index (BMI) of subjects indicated that they had normal weight, however mean body fat ratio was $19.1{\pm}5.4%$ for males and $28.4{\pm}5.0%$ for females, indicating that they had higher than normal weight. Daily mean physical activity level was 1.55 for males and 1.47 for females, which was regarded as 'low active', respectively. Females had more light activity than males (p<0.01). Daily mean energy expenditure was $2,803.5{\pm}788.9$ kcal/d for males and $1,915.4{\pm}510.2$ kcal/d for females (p<0.001). Daily mean dietary energy intake was $2,327.0{\pm}562.5$ kcal/d for males and $1,802.1{\pm}523.6/d$ for females (p<0.001), and daily mean energy balance was $-476.5{\pm}955.9$ kcal/d for males and $-113.3{\pm}728.1$ kcal/d for females (p<0.01). Daily mean dietary intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals, except Ca, satisfied recommended nutrient intake. Daily energy expenditure was positively related to body weight (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), and fat free mass ratio (p<0.05), but was negatively related to body fat ratio (p<0.01). In conclusion, subjects had a negative energy balance and low physical activity. They had a normal weight by BMI but had a more fat than normal weight by body fat ratio. This appears to be related to their low physical activity. Thus, nutrition education should be provided for university students in order to increase their physical activity for maintenance of normal weight by body composition and health promotion.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.552-563
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• 2015

The characteristics of ichthyofauna and fish community in Lake Goesan were examined from April 2010 to October 2012. During the survey period thirty six species belonging to 11 families were collected. Dominant species by number were Hemibarbus labeo (29.9%) and Zacco platypus (20.0%). In biomass, the dominant species were H. labeo (37.2%) and Carassius auratus (17.9%). Also, fourteen Korean endemic fish species (38.9%) and one endangered species (Acheilognathus signifer) were collected. Further, one catadromous species was observed for stock enhancement (Anguilla japonica), in addition to two land-locked anadromous species (Hypomesus nipponensis, Plecoglossus altivelis) and three exotic species (Cyprinus carpio (Israeli type), C. cuvieri, Micropterus salmoides). According to the length-weight relation of C. auratus and M. salmoides, the b values were 3.13~2.99, 3.11~2.99, showing a declining tendency annually. However, for H. labeo and Z. platypus, the b values were 2.98~3.07, 3.06~3.23 respectively, showing an increasing trend. The slope values for C. auratus and M. salmoides population conditions were controlled by K factor showing a tendency to decrease, but H. labeo and Z. platypus were showing a tendency to gradually increase.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2015

To figure out the causes of obesity against middle-aged women, this study aimed to provide basic data for setting an obesity-related policy through analysis on diverse related factors. Against the healthy middle-aged women who visited 'N' Hospital Health Center in Incheon from April to November 2014, anthropometric assessment, body composition test and abdominal fat distribution test were conducted using Fat-CT. They were carried out against 159 women who agreed with the purpose of the study, using BMD, Q-CT. According to Fat-CT, subcutaneous and visceral types accounted for 39% (76 women) and 61% (119 respondents) respectively. In terms of BMI, 'underweight ($18.5kg/m^2$)' and 'overweight ($25kg/m^2$ or above)' were 13 women (6.7%) and 60 women (30.8%) each with the average of $23.5{\pm}4.11kg/m^2$. Mean while, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and neutral fat were statistically significant at the 5% significance level. As getting older, muscle weakness offsets increase in body weight with abdominal obesity. A group with low BMI should also be considered due to increase in waist circumference.