Browse > Article

Length-Weight Relations and Condition Factor (K) of Zacco platypus Along Trophic Gradients in Reservoir Ecosystems  

Ko, Dae-Geun (Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
Han, Jeong-Ho (Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
An, Kwang-Guk (Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the weight-length relations and condition factor (K) of Zacco platypus, along the trophic gradients from oligotrophic to eutrophic state in six reservoir ecosystems ($B_aR$, $Y_yR$, $J_yR$, $G_pR$, $Y_dR$, and $M_sR$), during 2008~2010. The species was selected as a sentinel species for the study, due to its wide distribution and wide trophic gradient. The analysis of trophic state index (TSI), based on total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), indicated that reservoirs of $Y_yR$ and $B_aR$ were classified as to be in an oligotrophic state (30~40), the $J_yR$ and $G_pR$ as mesotrophic (40~50), and the $Y_dR$ and $M_sR$ as eutrophic state (50~70). Total 47 species and 26,226 individuals were sampled from 6 reservoirs and sensitive species dominated in the oligotrophic reservoirs ($Y_yR$ and $B_aR$). In the mean time, the tolerant speciesdominated the community in the mesotrophic ($J_yR$ and $G_pR$) and eutrophic ($Y_dR$ and $M_sR$) reservoirs. Regression analysis of body weight, against the total length, indicated that the regression coefficient (b value) was lower in the oligotrophic reservoir (2.77~2.79) than the mesotrophic (3.07~3.17) and eutrophic reservoirs (3.15~ 3.21). This result suggests that the population growth rate Zacco platypus reflected the trophic gradients of the reservoirs. The analysis of condition factor (K) against the total length showed positive slopes (b>3.0) in mesotrophic and eutrophic reservoirs, and a negative slope (b<3.0) in oligotrophic reservoir. The variation of the regression slope of "b" in Z. platypus was accounted for 79.7% [$b=0.012{\times}TSI(TP)+2.395$, p=0.017] by the variation of TSI (TP) and 82.2% [$b=0.013{\times}TSI(Chl-a)+2.36$, p=0.013] by the variation of TSI (Chl-a). The proportion of DELT abnormality increased as the trophic state increases in the reservoirs. The overall data suggest that the growth of the fish populations, based on the length-weight relations and condition factor, reflected the trophic state of nutrient and phytoplankton biomass of the reservoir waters. Thus, in spite of the tolerant characteristics of Z. platypus, hypertrophic states might negatively affect the health of the population.
Keywords
Zacco platypus; length-weight relations; condition factor; trophic state; nutrient; reservoir;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Krenkel, P.A., G.F. Lee and R.A. Jones. 1979. Effects of TVA impoundments on downstream water quality and biota, p. 289-309. In: The Ecology of Regulated Streams (Ward, J.V. and J.A. Stanford, eds.). Plenum Press, New York, USA.
2 LeCren, E.D. 1951. The length-weight and condition in the seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch Perca fluviatilis. Journal of Animal Ecology 20(2): 201- 219.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Lee, H.J. and K.G. An. 2009. The development and application of multi-metric water quality assessment model for reservoir managements in Korea. Korean Journal of Limnology 42(2): 242-252.
4 Macan, T.T. 1974. Freshwater ecology, 2nd ed. London: Longmans, viii. p. 343.
5 Matuszek, J.E. 1978. Empirical predictions of fish yields of large north American lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107: 385-394.   DOI
6 McConnell, W.J., S. Lewis and J.E. Olson. 1977. Gross photosynthesis as an estimator of potential fish production. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 106(5): 417-423.   DOI
7 MEK (Ministry of Environment, Korea). 2001. The general report of investigation technique development for limnological environment in Korea, p. 28.
8 Melack, J.M. 1976. Primary productivity and fish yields in tropical lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 105(5): 575-580.   DOI
9 Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of the world (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
10 Ney, J.J. 1993. Practical use of biological statistics, p. 137-158. In: Inland Fisheries Management of North America (Kohler, C.C. and W.A. Hubert eds.). American Fisheries Society, Maryland, USA.
11 Rada, R.G. and J.C. Wright. 1979. Factors affecting nitrogen and phosphorus levels in canyon Ferry reservoir, Monata, and its effluent waters. Northwest Science 53(3): 213-220.
12 Ryder, R.A. 1965. A method for estimating the potential fish production of north-temperature lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 94: 214-218.   DOI
13 Ryder, R.A. 1982. The morphoedaphic index-use, abuse, and fundamental concepts. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 111: 154-164.   DOI
14 Ryder, R.A., S.R. Kerr, K.H. Loftus and H.A. Regier. 1974. The morphoedaphic index, a fish yield estimator-review and evaluation. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31: 663-688.   DOI
15 Seo, J. 2005. Fish fauna and ecological characteristics of dark chub (Zacco temminckii) population in the mid-upper region of Gam Stream. Korean Journal of Limnology 38(2): 196-206.
16 US EPA. 1991. Technical support document for water quality- based toxic control. EPA 505-2-90-001. US. EPA, Office of Water, Washington D.C., USA.
17 US EPA. 1998. Lake and Reservoir Bioassessment and Biocriteria. EPA 841-B-98-007. US. EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C., USA.
18 Yang, H.J., B.S. Chae and M.M. Nam. 1991. Articles: The ichthyofauna in autumn at upper reach of Hongchon River. Korean Journal of Limnology 24(1): 37-44.
19 Busacker, G.P., I.A. Adelman and E.M. Goolish. 1990. Grow-th, p. 363-377. In: Methods for Fish Biology (Schreck, C.B. and P.B. Moyle eds.). American Fisheries Society, Maryland, USA.
20 Anderson, R.O. and S.J. Gutreuter. 1983. Length weight and associated structural indices, p. 283-300. In: Fisheries Techniques (Johnson, L.A. ed.). American Fisheries Society, Maryland, USA.
21 Choi, J.S. and J.K. Kim. 2004. Original Articles: Ichthyofauna and fish community in Hongcheon river, Korea. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 22(3): 446-455.
22 Carlson, R.E. 1977. A trophic state index for lake. Limnology and Oceanography 22: 361-369.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Choi, J.K., J.S. Choi, H.S. Shin and S.C. Park. 2005. Articles: Study on the dynamics of the fish community in the lake Hoengseong region. Korean Journal of Limnology 38(2): 188-195.
24 Choi, J.S. 2005. Fish fauna and community in Cheongpyeong reservoir. Korean Journal of Limnology 38(1): 63-72.
25 Choi, J.S., J.K. Kim, Y.S. Jang, K.Y. Lee, H. Ryu, J. Jeong and B. Kim. 2006. Articles: Characteristics of fish community on six lakes located in Gyeonggi. Korean Journal of Limnology 39(2): 178-186.
26 Choi, K.C., S.R. Jeon, I.S. Kim and Y.M. Son. 1989. Distribution map of Korean freshwater fishes. Korean Limnobiology Research Center. p. 2-202.
27 Edwards, R.W. and D.T. Crisp. 1982. Ecological implications of river regulation in the United Kingdom, p. 843-865. In: Gravel Bed Rivers (Bathurst, J.C., R.D. Hey and C.R. Thorne, eds.). Fluvial Processes, Engineering and Management. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
28 Jang, Y.S., J.S. Choi, K.Y. Lee, J. Seo and B. Kim. 2007. Articles: Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Zacco platypus in the lake Hoengseong. Korean Journal of Limnology 40(3): 412-418.
29 Jeon, S.R. 1980. Studies on the distributions of the Korean freshwater fishes. PhD thesis. Chungang University, Rep. Korea. p. 18-45.
30 Jeon, S.R. 1982. Studies on fresh-water fish fauna in the rivers flowing into the East Sea. Academic Report of Nature Conservation 4: 230-248.
31 Karr, J.R. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6: 21-27.   DOI
32 Anderson, R.O. and R.M. Neumann. 1996. Length, weight and associated structural indices, p. 447-482. In: Fisheries Techniques, 2nd edition (Murphy, B.R. and D.W. Willis eds.). American Fisheries Society, Maryland, USA.
33 Kent, W.T., B.L. Kimmel and F.E. Payne. 2002. Reservoir limnology. Shingwang, p. 66-169.
34 Kerr, S.R. and R.A. Ryder. 1988. The applicability of fish yield indices in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography 33(4): 973-981.
35 An, K.G. 2000. Articles: Monsoon inflow as a major source of In - Lake Phosphorus. Korean Journal of Limnology 33(3): 222-229.
36 Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea. Vol. 37. Freshwater Fishes. Ministry of Education, Korea. Seoul, Rep. Korea. p. 133-520.
37 Kim, I.S. and H.G. Kim. 1975. Articles: A study on the water pollution and its influence on the fish community in Jeonju-cheon Creek, Jeonrabug-do Province, Korea. Korean Journal of Limnology 8: 7-14.
38 Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2002. Freshwater Fishes of Korea. Kyohak Publishing Co., Ltd, Seoul, Rep. Korea. p. 1-465.
39 Kim, I.S., M.K. Oh and K. Hosoya. 2005. A new species of cyprinid Fish, Zacco koreanus with redescription of Z. temminckii (Cyprinidae) from Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 17(1): 1-7.
40 Kim, J.K., J.H. Han and K.G. An. 2010. Articles: Tolerance range analysis of fish on chemical water quality in aquatic ecosystems. Korean Journal of Limnology 43(4): 459- 470.
41 Kimmel, B.L. and A.W. Groeger. 1984. Factors controlling phytoplankton production in lake and reservoirs. U.S. EPA-440/5/84-001 277-281.
42 Kong, K.H., J.H. Lee and K.G. An. 2009. The analysis of water quality and suspended solids effects against transparency of major artificial reservoirs in Korea. Korean Journal of Limnology 42(2): 221-231.