• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.369-384
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze anxiety and depression among infertile women at different time points during the first In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) treatment through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Seven out of 3,011 studies were included for meta-analysis. To estimate the effect size, a meta-analysis of the studies was performed using the RevMan 5.3 program. We compared the measurement outcomes at three time points: before the start of treatment (T0), cancellation of treatment after pregnancy detection (T2), one to six months after treatment (T3). The effect size used was the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: In comparing the different time points of the pregnant women from their cycle, significantly lower levels of depression were found at T2 than at T0. In non-pregnant women, anxiety at T2 and depression at T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those at T0. At T2 and T3, the non-pregnant women reported higher levels of anxiety and depression compared with the pregnant women. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression in infertile women undergoing the first IVF or ICSI are associated with the time points and pregnancy status after treatment. These findings suggest that attention should be paid to helping infertile women prepare for and cope with treatment and treatment failure.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2006

Objective: To evaluate the impact of endometriosis on IVF-ET cycles and to compare IVF outcomes between stage I/II and stage III/IV endometriosis. Methods: We analyzed 697 patients (1,199 cycles) with endometriosis (stage I-II:638 cycles, stage III-IV: 561 cycles) and 325 pts (459 cycles) with tubal factor as controls between January 1994 and April 2004. Pts with endometriosis were diagnosed by laparoscopy and medical and surgical treatment were done in 353 cycles (55.3%) and 466 cycles (83.1%) of stage I-ll/stage III-IV endometriosis. Cycles with age>35 years or FSH>20 miU/mL or severe male factor infertility were excluded. Results: The number of retrieved oocytes ($9.97{\pm}7.2$ vs. $13.4{\pm}7.9$ (p<0.0001 )), total number of embryos ($6.5{\pm}4.8$ vs. $9.1{\pm}5.6$ (p<0.0001)), and good quality embryos ($2.43{\pm}1.6$ vs. $2.74{\pm}1.7$ (p=0.013)) significantly decreased in stage III-IV endometriosis than in control. But pregnancy rate of stage III-IV endometriosis was comparable with control (35.7% vs. 36.8%). Fertilization rate and number of total embryos were lower in stage I-II endometriosis than in control ($64.8{\pm}22.9$ vs. $70.8{\pm}20.8$ (p<0.0001), $7.6{\pm}5.0$ vs. $9.1{\pm}5.6$ (p<0.0001)). In patients with medical and surgical treatment of endometriosis, pregnancy rate and live birth rate was significantly lower in stage I-II than in stage III-IV endometriosis (29.2 vs. 36.2 (%), p=0.045, 23.9 vs. 31.5 (%), p=0.043). There was no difference in the mean age, but the duration of infertility was significantly longer ($56.5{\pm}26.3$ vs. $46.9{\pm}25.8$ (mon), p<0.0001) and fertilization rate was lower ($64.7{\pm}23.3$ vs. $70.5{\pm}22.7$ (%), p=0.001) in stage I-II than stage III-IV endometriosis. Conclusion: We suggest that IVF should be considered earlier in patients with minimal to mild endometriosis because of significantly decreased fertilization rates.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2002

Objective : This study is to evaluate the efficacy of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for previous fertilization failure with conventional in vitro fetrtilization (IVF), compared with ICSI for male factor. Method: The author analyzed the 3 years of clinical experience with ICSI retrospectively, between the conventional IVF failure group (IVF failure) and male factor group (male factor). Surgically retrieved epididymal or testicular spermatozoa for ICSI were excluded. The IVF failure group was 13 cycles of 6 patients and male factor group was 30 cycles of 15 patients. Results: The fertilization rates of the IVF failure group and male factor group were 63% and 66% respectively (p=0.635). The clinical pregnancy rates of the both group were 23.1% and 26.7% (p=0.804), and that of live birth rates were 15.4% and 13.3% (p=0.858). There were no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The author concluded that ICSI can overcome previous fertilization failure, with the same fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates seen in patients with male factor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2002

2001년도 국내에서 실시된 가축의 수정란이식 현황을 파악하기 위하여 전국의 수의·축산분야의 대학, 국·공립 축산관련 연구소, 농업기술센터, 가축 인공수정소 및 동물병원 등의 108개 관련기관에 2001년 1월 1일부터 12월 31 일까지 소, 돼지 및 기타 동물의 수정란 생산, 이식 및 임신진단 결과에 대하여 설문서를 통하여 조사하였으며, 설문서를 작성하여 제출한 51개 기관의 자료를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가축의 수정란이식을 실시하고 있는 기관은 국림기관 4개소, 지방자치단체 10개소, 대학 11개소, 생산자단체 2개소, 개인 시술소 25개소로 전체 51개소였다. 한우 및 젖소 228두를 과배란 처리하여 회수된 난자수는 1,536개였으며, 그 중 이식가능 수정란 수는 995개로 두 당 평균 4.4개였다. 체외수정의 생산은 OPU유래 244개, 도축난소 유래 20,957개, 복제수정란 8,154개로 29,355개의 이식가능 체외수정란을 생산하였다. 한우에서 수정란이식은 체내수정란 359개, 체외수정란 2,686개, 복제수정란 713개 등 3,758개가 이식되었고, 젖소에는 체내수정란 U개, 체외수정란 120개, 복제수정란 106개 둥 294개가 이식되었다. 이식된 수정란의 상태별로는 신선수정란이 61.7%(2,500개), 동결수정란이 38.3%(1,552개) 이식되었고, 수란우의 품종별로는 한우 수정란을 한우 수란우에 1,471개, 젖소 수란우에 2,287개가 이식되었고, 젖소 수정란을 젖소 수란우 236개, 한우 수란우에 58개가 이식되었다. 수정란이식 수란우의 수태율은 임신진단이 이루어진 체내수정란이식(368 두)은 32.3%, 체외수정란이식(968두)은 40.4%, 복제수정란이식(536두)은 9.3%였다. 기타동물의 체내수정란 생산은 돼지 105두에서 1,623개, 염소 2,662두에서 1,720개, 기타 39두에서 228개의 수정란을 회순 하였으며, 돼지에서 체내수정란 695개, 체외수정란 1,200개, 복제수정란 67,750개 이식되었고, 기타동물에서 58,950개가 이식되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2009

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increased since in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) has started. And because of the possibility of combined pregnancy after IVF-ET, bilateral adnexal area and other portion of pelvis should be examined carefully by transvaginal ultrasonography during follow-up period. The rate of combined pregnancy after IVF is estimated to be as high as 0.2~1%. Since the incidence of combined pregnancies is markedly higher with IVF, special attention to this possibility after ET is warranted. According to a recent report, the occurrence of interstitial pregnancy is estimated to be 1:3600 for all pregnancies achieved with IVF. The prevalence of interstitial pregnancies is 2~4% of ectopic pregnancies. Interstitial pregnancies tend to be diagnosed later than most other ectopic pregnancies, and if uterine rupture occurs, the resulting hemorrhage can be severe. Currently, about 2% to 3% of interstitial pregnancies are thought to carry a maternal death, which is twice that of other tubal gestations. We report a case of simultaneous left tubal and right interstitial pregnancies after IVF-ET with a brief review of literature.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes of gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and GnRH antagonist protocols in poor responders. Methods: A total of 172 cycles in subjects with less than 5 oocytes retrieved treated with either GnRH agonist long protocols or antagonist protocols were included. The outcome variables such as numbers of growing follicles and retrieved oocytes, and the fertilization rate were evaluated as the main outcome measures. Results: There was no difference in regard to the numbers of growing follicles and oocytes, and fertilization rate between the two groups. $E_2$ level on Day 7/8, mean gonadotropin dose, and the days of stimulation were shown to be statistically different (p<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Considering that similar results were observed with less time and gonadotropin dose, GnRH antagonist protocol may be considered as a preferable choice over GnRH agonist protocols in poor responders.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2010

Objective: To compare the respective pregnancy outcomes of cycles undergoing elective two cleavage-stage embryos transfer (2ET) and three cleavage-stage embryos transfer (3ET) in fresh in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. Methods: We conducted a retrospective matched case control study that included 100 women with 2ET and 100 women with 3ET from January 2007 to June 2009. Subjects were matched for reproductive profiles and cycle characteristics. All of transferred embryos in both groups had good qualities. Pregnancy rates (PR), implantation rate, and multiple PR were compared. Results: Demographics, stimulation parameters and embryological data were comparable in both groups. Main pregnancy outcomes with 2ET and 3ET groups were not statistically different; implantation rate (41.0% vs. 35.3%), positive pregnancy rate (58.0% vs. 60.0%), clinical PR (55.0% vs. 59.0%), ongoing PR (51.0% vs. 55.0%), respectively. However, the 3ET group showed significantly higher multiple pregnancy and triplet pregnancy rates (30.9% vs. 50.8%, p=0.031; 1.8% vs. 11.9%, p=0.036, respectively). Conclusion: In women with favorable conditions and good quality embryos undergoing IVF, 2ET can get pregnancy outcomes comparable to those of 3ET and reduce multiple pregnancy (especially, triplet pregnancy).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 1995

A prospective study was undertaken to test whether immunosuppression improves implantation, pregnancy rates and their outcomes in an in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer( IVF-ET) cycles in patients with tubal factor infertility. The implantation and pregnancy rates was not significantly higher in patients recieving prednisolone than in control patients in routine IVF-ET cycles and unstimulated IVF-ET cycles. It can be concluded that prednisolone dose not support implantation and pregnancy outcomes of in routine IVF-ET cycles at least.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 1997

A total of 55 patients with various etiologies of infertility particitated in a study comparing two regimens of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with GnRH agonists and gonadotropins. Nineteen patients were given an ultra-short stimulation protocol when the agonist was administered for 3 day from Day 2 of the cycle. The remaining 36 patients were given a long stimulation protocol when the agonist was administered from the mid-luteal phase of the cycle preceding the stimulation cycle. The mean number of gonadotropins used per patient was not different between two groups. No significant differences were found in the mean number of oocytes recovered, fertilization rate and embryo cleavage rate between two groups. Pregnancy and delivery rates were higher in ultra-short protocol than in long protocol, but these were not significant. These results suggest that an ultra-short protocol is as effective as a long protocol in in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to improve fertilization rate in IVF-ET program of patients with male infertility used micromanipulation technique, partial zona dissection (PZD) or micro-insemination by sperm transfer (MIST). The results were as follows 1. The fertilization rate of non-micromanipulated oocytes and micromanipulated (PZD) oocytes were 12.5% (n=2) and 42.2% (n=19), respectively, and showed significant differences between two groups (p<0.05). 2. The fertilization rate of micromanipulated (MIST) oocytes was 30% (n=27). 3. The damage rate of Group 1 (PZD) and Group 2 (MIST) were 15.7% (3/19) and 29.6% (8/27), respectively. 4. One pregnancy resulted following replacement of micromanipulated (MIST) embryos in 4 patients.