• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2014

This study presents an eco-friendly persimmon drying system to satisfy consumer preferences and provide a popular food for both the domestic and international markets. The most effective antimicrobial compounds were developed from a combination of plant extracts (18.18% clove buds, 9.90% cinnamon, 9.09% licorice, 4.55% cnidium, 4.55% seed of grapefruit, and 54.54% apple vinegar). The dried persimmons were evaluated as regards their moisture and sugar content, weight, hardness, and color value. During the drying process, the overall moisture content of the persimmons increased, along with the sugar content. The hardness was almost the same for each region and decreased on an average of 0.5~0.86 after 6 weeks. As regards the chromaticity, ${\Delta}E$ decreased during the drying process, while L-value became darker and a-value showed a dark red color over time.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2023

Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance (F. rhynchophylla) is a traditional medicinal plant that has been widely used in East Asia and has been used for chronic bronchitis, bacterial dysentery and improved eyesight. F. rhynchophylla contains various type of coumarins such as esculin, esculetin, fraxin and fraxetin. Esculetin possesses versatile activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer properties and improvement of atopic dermatitis. However, there is no research on the process of increasing active components in F. rhynchophylla. The objectives of the present study were to apply biotransformation technology to F. rhynchophylla for increasing the content of esculetin, and enhancing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. F. rhynchophylla extract (FRE) treated with viscozyme L (FRE-VL) showed 3.1 times higher content of esculetin than FRE, and exhibited effects such as increased anti-inflammatory activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Based on the these results, it is concluded that biotransformed FRE-VL could be potentially applicable as a new active ingredient in the cosmetic field.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2018

복분자(Rubus coreanus Miquel)는 anthocyanin, phenolic acid, tannin, flavonoid, stilbenoid와 같은 생리활성물질이 풍부하게 존재하는 것으로 보고되었으며 항염증, 항암활성, 항산화효과 등 다양한 생리활성에 대한 효능이 있어 건강식품으로써 애용되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 약용성 건강보조식품 등으로 각광받고 있다. 생물전환(Bioconversion)은 미생물 또는 효소의 생물학적 촉매 기반 천연소재의 생리활성 물질기능성, 생체이용률, 안전성을 증대시키기 위한 방안으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있으며 아울러 식품, 의약품, 화장품 등 다양한 분야에서 활성화 되고 있다. 본 연구는 불가사리 발효액으로부터 유산균을 분리하였으며, 유전학적 특성을 확인하기 위하여 16S rDNA 염기서열을 분석하였다. 전북 고창에서 수확된 복분자를 분말상태로 유산균과 발효공정을 수행하였으며, 복분자의 최적 추출조건 선정과 발효공정 전 후의 활성을 관찰하였다. 발효공정 후 추출물의 기능성 평가를 진행하기 위하여 DPPH radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol 함량을 확인하여 항산화 효능 및 유효성분 함량을 평가하였다. 또한 대식세포인 Raw 264.7을 사용하여 MTT assay, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제 효능을 확인하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 실험결과, 발효기간이 다른 불가사리 비료발효액으로부터 16 종의 다양한 균주를 확보하였으며, 생물전환 공정에 유용 균주를 선정하기 위하여 복분자 분말의 발효공정을 실시한 결과 3 종의 유산균 처리군에서 무처리군 대비 DPPH radical 소거능 및 polyphenol 함량이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 그 중 가장 우수한 활성을 나타내는 균주를 16S rDNA 염기서열 분석한 결과 Lactobacillus coryniformis A6-4로 확인되었으며, 발효공정 후 항산화 활성은 무처리군 대비 약 115%, polyphenol의 함량은 무처리군 대비 약 121%로 증가됨을 확인되었다. 또한 발효공정 후 독성활성이 감소되는 경향을 확인되었으며, 항염증 활성이 유의적으로 증가됨을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.3
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• pp.54-73
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• 2021

The Natural Products Research Institute (NPRI, 生藥硏究所), an institution affiliated with Keijo Imperial University (京城帝國大學), was the predecessor of the NPRI at Seoul National University and a comprehensive research institute that focused on ginseng research during the Japanese colonial era. It was established under the leadership of Noriyuki Sugihara (杉原德行), a professor of the second lecture in pharmacology at the College of Medicine in Keijo Imperial University. Prof. Sugihara concentrated on studying Korean ginseng and herbal medicine beginning in 1926 when the second lecture of pharmacology was established. In addition to Prof. Sugihara, who majored in medicine and pharmacology, Kaku Tenmin (加來天民), an assistant professor who majored in pharmacy; Tsutomu Ishidoya (石戶谷勉), a lecturer who majored in agriculture and forestry; and about 36 researchers actively worked in the laboratory before the establishment of the NPRI in 1939. Among these personnel, approximately 14 Korean researchers had basic medical knowledge, derived mostly from specialized schools, such as medical, dental, and pharmaceutical institutions. As part of the initiative to explore the medicinal herbs of Joseon, the number of Korean researchers increased beginning in 1930. This increase started with Min Byung-Ki (閔丙祺) and Kim Ha-sik (金夏植). The second lecture of pharmacology presented various research results in areas covering medicinal plants in Joseon as well as pharmacological actions and component analyses of herbal medicines. It also conducted joint research with variousinstitutions. Meanwhile, in Gaesong (開城), the largest ginseng-producing area in Korea, the plan for the Pharmaceutical Industry Complex was established in 1935. This was a large-scale project aimed at generating profits through research on and the mass production of drugs and the reformation of the ginseng industry under collaboration among the Gaesong Ministry, Kwandong (關東) military forces, Keijo Imperial University, and private organizations. In 1936 and 1938, the Gyeonggi Provincial Medicinal Plant Research Institute (京畿道立 藥用植物硏究所) and the Herb Garden of Keijo Imperial University (京城帝國大學 藥草園) and Pharmaceutical Factory were established, respectively. These institutions merged to become Keijo Imperial University's NPRI, which wasthen overseen by Prof. Sugihara as director. Aside from conducting pharmacological research on ginseng, the NPRI devoted efforts to the development and sale of ginseng-based drugs, such as Sunryosam (鮮麗蔘), and the cultivation of ginseng. In 1941, the Jeju Urban Test Center (濟州島試驗場) was established, and an insecticide called Pancy (パンシ) was produced using Jeju-do medicinal herbs. However, even before research results were published in earnest, Japanese researchers, including Prof. Sugihara, hurriedly returned to Japan in 1945 because of the surrender of Japanese forces and the liberation of Korea. The NPRI was handed over to Seoul National University and led by Prof. Oh Jin-Sup (吳鎭燮), a former medical student at Keijo Imperial University. Scholars such as Woo Lin-Keun (禹麟根) and Seok Joo-Myung (石宙明) worked diligently to deal with the Korean pharmaceutical industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.972-979
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological characteristics of water and ethanol extracts from leaves and stems of Achyranthes japonica. The highest contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid compounds were 58.27 and 42.22 mg/g in water extract from leaves, respectively. The protein content was the highest at 16.42 mg/g in water extract from leaves. Ethanol extract from stems showed the highest content of reducing sugars at 11.35 mg/g. In the measurement of electron donating ability (EDA), ethanol extract from stems showed the highest EDA at 93.41% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Superoxide dismutase-like activity of ethanol extract from leaves was the highest at 8.13% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. In the analysis of nitrate scavenging activity, water extract from leaves showed the highest activity at 94.90% at pH 1.2, and the activity increased as concentration increased and pH decreased. In the measurement of xanthine oxidase inhibition, ethanol extract from stems showed the highest inhibitory activity at 66.67% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Especially, nitrate scavenging activities of water extract from leaves were the highest under all pH conditions. These results verify that extracts from leaves of A. japonica have strong antioxidant activity and can be used as an effective antioxidant source for nutraceutical foods, medicines, and cosmetic stuffs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2019

In this study, we evaluated the effect of branch (STB) and leave (STL) extracts from Sageretia thea on ${\beta}-catenin$ level in human colorecal cancer cells, SW480 and lung cancer cells, A549. STB and STL dose-dependently suppressed the growth of SW480 and A549 cells. STB and STL decreased ${\beta}-catenin$ level in both protein and mRNA level. MG132 decreased the downregulation of ${\beta}-catenin$ protein level induced by STB and STL. However, the inhibition of $GSK3{\beta}$ by LiCl or ROS scavenging by NAC did not block the reduction of ${\beta}-catenin$ protein by STB and STL. Our results suggested that STB and STL may downregulate ${\beta}-catenin$ protein level independent on $GSK3{\beta}$ and ROS. Based on these findings, STB and STL may be a potential candidate for the development of chemopreventive or therapeutic agents for human colorectal cancer and lung cancer.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.28-29
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• 2021

애기똥풀(Chelidonium majus L. subsp. asiaticum H.Hara)의 지상부는 백굴채라고 불리며 항암, 항균 등의 효능을 가지고 있어 예로부터 약용으로 이용되었다. 그러나 천연 약용소재로 개발가치가 높음에도 불구하고 실생묘의 대량 확보를 위한 종자번식 관련 연구가 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 애기똥풀의 발아 및 휴면 특성을 분석함으로써 추후 종자번식을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험재료로 사용된 애기똥풀 종자는 2019년 6월 경상북도 봉화군에서 채종하였으며 정선 후 건조상태로 실온(25℃)에 보관하였다. 종자의 1000립중은 0.57±0.01g이며, 배종비는 0.21±0.12로 조사되어 형태적으로 미성숙한 배를 가지고 있다. 종자의 활력은 테트라졸륨 검정을 통해 79%로 확인되었다. 종자의 기본 함수율은 7.64±0.25%였으며, 침지 2일 차에 최대함수율(32.6±0.34%)에 도달하였다. 초기 발아검정은 25/15℃ (light/dark, 16/8h)챔버에서 명조건과 암조건으로 구분하여 30일간 진행하였으며, 암조건은 알루미늄 호일로 광을 완전히 차단하고 최종 발아율만 조사하였다. 발아율을 조사한 결과, 명조건은 0.75±0.80%, 암조건은 5.50±1.55%로 조사되어 형태적인 휴면과 생리적인 휴면을 모두 갖는 것으로 판단하였다. 애기똥풀의 생태적인 환경을 고려하여 12주의 Summer temperature(S12, 25/15℃, 16/8h)로 층적하고 연속하여 Autumn temperature(A, 15/10℃, 16/8h)를 4주(A4)와 8주(A8)로 달리하여 종자의 휴면타파를 유도하였다. 층적 후 발아율은 모두 증가되었으며, S12-A4(54%)는 S12-A8(24.5%)에 비해서 휴면타파에 효과적이었다. 휴면타파 효과의 증진을 위해 층적처리한 종자를 500ppm의 GA₃와 GA₄₊₇에 각 24시간동안 4℃에서 침지시킨 뒤 동일한 조건에 파종하였다. GA₃가 처리된 S12-A4는 발아율이 82.0%, S12-A8는 30.8%로 유의적으로 증가하였으나 GA₄₊₇ 처리는 S12-A4(48.5%)와 S12-A8(21.3%)에서 발아율 향상 효과가 없었다. 결론적으로 애기똥풀의 휴면타파를 위해서 12주의 Summer temperature와 4주의 Autumn temperature 변온층적과 추가 GA₃ 처리가 휴면타파를 위한 효과적인 처리방법으로 판단된다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the usefulness of the aerial part of Cnidium officinale Makino as a bioactive material source. The aerial part(leaf and stem) of Cnidium officinale Makino was extracted with three kinds of solvents and determined their antimicrobial activities against several bacteria and yeast strains using the paper disc method and the microtiter dilution method. The extracts of the Cnidium offocinale aerial part exhibited the broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, including food-borne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts of Cnidium officinale also showed antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ethyl acetate extracts completely inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerogenes, and moderately inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. However, water extract of Cnidium officinale exhibited lower antimicrobial activity than ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. The inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Cnidium officinale Makino was not destroyed by heating at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min or at $121^{\circ}C$... for 15 min. These results suggest that the aerial part of Cnidium officinale Makino could be a useful source for a natural antimicrobial material.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.727-734
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• 2014

To investigate anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidation activities of the root of Arctium lappa L (RALL), which has been used as foodstuff and oriental medicine in Korea, the ethanol extract and its subsequent organic solvent fractions of the RALL were prepared. The yield of ethanol extraction was 10.94%, and the content of total polyphenol and total sugar of ethanol extract were 5.01 and 694.53 mg/g, respectively. The fraction yields of n-hexane, ethylacetate (EA), butanol and water residue were 1.62, 0.42, 5.98 and 85.38%, respectively. In anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extract of RALL did not show significant changes in thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), whereas the EA fractions showed 13 folds extended TT, PT, and aPTT respectively. Interestingly, the water residue showed strong activation effect against blood clotting factors with shortened aPTT, which might provide the evidence of coagulation agent of RALL in folk remedy. In anti-platelet aggregation assay, the activity of the ethanol extract and its fractions were comparable to that of aspirin. Especially the EA fraction showed 2-folds higher inhibitory activity than aspirin. In anti-oxidation activity assay, the EA fraction also showed strong in DPPH, ABTS and nitrite scavenging activity, and reducing power activity. The extract and fractions of RALL have ignorable hemolytic activity against human RBC up to 0.5 mg/mL concentration. Our results suggest that the EA fraction of RALL have potentials as safe and novel anti-thrombosis agent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1984

The elderberry was known to the ancients for its medicinal properties, and in Europe the inner back was formerly administered as a cathartic. The flowers contain a voletile oil, and serve for the distilation of elder-lower water, used in confectionery, perfumes and lotions. The leaves are employed to impart a green colour to fat and oil, and the leaves and bark emit a sickly odour, believed to be repugnant to insect. With its unique flavor and natural food colour, commercial processing companies used the fruit mainly in the making for jam, jelly, pies, juice, and wines. Its vitamin-C content is reported by Andross (1941) as 25-30mg/100g. Harvesting and processing have been mechanized to some extent. However, the cotains with nutritional value has not been reported yet. In the present study the various contains with nutritional value in the fresh elderberry juice is reported by the quantitative analysis. In this study results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1) The fresh elderberry juice contained following mineral elements; calcium 0.012%, magnesium 0.023%, potassium 0.10%, sodium 0.0019%, iron 0.0009%, cobalt 0.0002%, zinc 0.0004%, copper 0.0001%, phosphorus 0.036%, manganese 0.0006%, iodide $1{\mu}g/g$. 2) Five kinds of vitamines were also found ; vitamin-$B_1$ $0.1{\mu}g/g$, vitamin-$B_2$ $0.5{\mu}g/g$, vitamin-C 0.3mg/g, niacin $14{\mu}g/g$, choline chloride 0.3mg/g. 3) Fresh elderberry juice also contains crude protein 1.10%, fat 0.26%, carbohydrate 6.9%, pectin 0.76%, tannin 0.89%, ash 0.80%, water 90.9% and 34.3 cal/100g. 4) The absorption spectrum of the purplishblack color of fresh elderberry juice has a peak between 523-530mm.