• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.8
• /
• pp.1063-1072
• /
• 2011

This study analyzed the functional components and antioxidant activities of pomegranate juice and pomegranate husk, endocarp and seed extracts by comparing Korean and Iranian pomegranates. Korean pomegranate husk (KPH) had the highest total polyphenol content among the pomegranate extracts, and total phytoestrogen content was highest in Korean pomegranate endocarp (KPE). Iranian pomegranate endocarp (IPE) and Iranian pomegranate husk (IPH) showed the highest flavonoid levels. Overall, Korean pomegranate had more functional components than those in Iranian pomegranate. KPE had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase like-activity among all of the extracts, and KPH had the highest nitrite scavenging activity. IPE showed the highest superoxide anion scavenging activity. The ABTS$^+$ assay also indicated that IPH had the highest antioxidant activities. This study also showed that the more total polyphenols, flavonols, and phytoestrogens the pomegranate contained, the higher antioxidant activities. A positive correlation was observed between total polyphenol, flavonol and phytoestrogen levels and antioxidant activities. Korean pomegranates contained more functional components and had higher antioxidant activity than those of Iranian pomegranates. Additionally, pomegranate endocarp and seed extracts were better than pomegranate juice in terms of functional components and antioxidant activity. These results suggest that pomegranate husk, endocarp and seed extracts as well as pomegranate juice may have value as natural antioxidants with their high quality functional components and antioxidant activity.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 1993

The contents of odd number fatty acid in walnut, peach seed and apricot seed were analyzed by HPLC. The results were as follows; the contents of crude oil in walnut, peach seed and apricot seed were 61.7%, 48.21%, and 52.34%, respectively. The contents of neutral lipid in walnut peach seed, and apricot seed were contained 62.32%, 91.50%, and 88.00%, respectively. The contents of glycolipid in walnut peach seed and apricot seed were contained 34.14%, 3.25%, and 4.78%, respectively. The contents of phospholipid in walnut peach seed and apricot seed were contained 3.54%, 5.25%, and 7.27%, respectively. The contents of odd number fatty acid and even number fatty acid in neutralipid were walnut 37.07% and 36.72%, peach seed 5.4% and 94.60%, and apricot seed 6.85% and 93.92%, respectively. The contents of odd number fatty acid and even number fatty acid in glycolipid were walnut 5.37% and 46.21%, peach seed 6.97% and 89.42%, and apricot seed 10.50% and 89.42%, respectively. The contents of odd number fatty acid and even number fatty acid in phospholipld were walnut 3.57% and 96.43%, peach speed 6.51% and 93.49%, and apricot seed 15.00% and 84.20%, respectively. The contents of odd number fatty and even number fatty acid in total fatty acid were walnut 14.47% and 85.53%, peach seed 1.17% and 98.83%, and apricot seed 4.3% and 95.97%, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2009

As one of the new areas of 'omics' technology, there is increasing interest in metabolomics, which involves the analysis of low-molecular-weight compounds in cells, tissues, and biofluids, and considers interactions within various organisms and reactions of external chemicals with those organisms. However, metabolomics research is still at a fundamental stage in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish a strategic long-term plan to revitalize the national metabolomics approach and obtain the elementary data necessary to determine a policy for effectively supporting metabolomics research. These investigations clarified the state of metabolomics study both in Korea and internationally, from which we attempted to find the potentiality and fields where a metabolomics approach would be applicable, such as in medical science. We also discuss strategies for developing metabolomics research. This study revealed that promoting metabolomics in Korea requires cooperation with metabolomics researchers, acquisition of advanced technology, capital investment in metabolomics approach, establishment of metabolome database, and education of metabolome analysis experts. This would reduce the gap between the national and international levels of metabolomics research, with the resulting developments in metabolomics having the potential to greatly contribute to promoting biotechnology in Korea.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.2 s.51
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2005

Motherwort (Leonurus sibiricus L), a hemp nettle (Labiatae) plant, grows about 1.5${\~}$2 m high spontaneously to wildness in Korea, China, Japan, and other Asian place. Its medical applications includes women's uterine disease, urination, bloody stool, bloody urine, and hemorrhoids. It's also effective for high blood pressure, heart stimulation, and anti-cancer activity. We first prepared chlroform and methanol extracts of motherwort and then they were fractionated using water, $30\%$ methanol, $60\%$ methanol, and $100\%$ methanol, respectively. Each fractionates is assayed for free radical scavenging activities against DPPH and anti-oxidant activity by TBARS assay measuring lipid peroxidation using LDL. The $30\%$ and $60\%$ methanol fractionates of methanol extracts showed strong anti-oxidant activity compared to vitamin C. They also had more Potent SOD activity using pyrogallol at 250 ppm than that of vitamin C. These results suggest that anti-oxidant activities of motherwort may be applicable to development of natural anti-oxidant cosmetics. Possibility of nature anti-oxidation ability cosmetics is seen possibility low official.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2009

We found that silymarin exhibited the inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in a spontaneously immortalized mouse melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab. Silymarin is a standardized extract obtained from the dried seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn.). Silymarin significantly prevented melanin production in a dose-dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ value of 28.2 ${\mu}g/mL$ without effects on cell viability. Also, silymarin inhibited tyrosinase activity in melanocyte, while it did not affect the catalytic activity of cell-free tyrosinase. Furthermore, Western blot analysis indicated that silymarin decreased the expression of tyrosinase protein. Silybin A/B and isosilybin A/B were also able to inhibit melanin production and tyrosinase expression in protein level. Double blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 2 % silymarin showed that silymarin have a significant skin whitening effect. Therefore, this study suggests that silymarin may be useful as a natural skin whitening agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1113-1121
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine antioxidant and physiological activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts from Ligularia fischeri by extraction methods. The yield of water and ethanol extracts from Ligularia fischeri was 15.23% and 17.45%, respectively. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of ethanol extracts of Ligularia fischeri (LEE) were $17.17{\pm}4.38mg/g$, $35.06{\pm}6.69mg/g$, respectively. The electron donating ability and SOD like activity, and ABTS radical ability of all Ligularia fischeri extracts were increased in a dose dependent manner, and those was the highest in LEE. Nitrite scavenging ability was higher in pH 1.2 than that in pH 3.0, and ethanol extract showed higher ability in pH 1.2 and 3.0. The xanthine oxidase and inhibition effect of all Ligularia fischeri extracts on tyrosinase were dose-dependently increased, and those was the highest in ethanol extracts of Ligularia fischeri. Reducing power was 1.2 at extract concentration $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ in water and ethanol extracts of Ligularia fischeri and the highest in water extract of Ligularia fischeri at concentration of $62.5-500{\mu}g/mL$. These results may contribute to development of processed food and health functional food with Ligularia fischeri.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2004

Rutin has many beneficial effects on human health. It was established that rutin antagonizes the increase of capillary fragility associated with hemorrhagic disease, reduces high blood pressure, decreases the permeability of the vessels, and has an antiedema effect, reduces the risk of arteriosclerosis, and shows antioxidant activity. Rutin analysis with mulberry fruits was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to reveal the possibility of source of functional food. As a result, mean content of fifty accessions was 0.14±0.050% DW. Among the tested fifty accessions, 'Sabangso' was showed the highest rutin in 0.29%DW, whereas 'Simseol' was the lowest content in 0.05% DW. Also, we researched the change of rutin content according to harvested date. The rutin contents of earlier harvested groups were higher than later harvested groups. Simultaneously, fruity characteristics as well as rutin content were researched and analyzed to select the functional mulberry varieties for the production of fruit. From the six accessions which were contained high rutin content, we selected three suitable varieties such as 'Ficus', 'Kangsun', and 'Palcheongsipyung'.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.308-314
• /
• 2007

To investigate effects of fermentation on volatile components, we analyzed volatile organic compounds of raw and fermented Rhus verniciflua S. bark. A 50%(w/v) sugar solution was used for fermentation. Volatile organic compounds of raw and fermented Rhus verniciflua S. were extracted by the simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) method, with a mixture of n-pentane and diethylether(1:1, v/v) and analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. A total of 51 and 27 volatile organic compounds were detected in raw and fermented samples, respectively, and were mainly alcohols. Compounds such as ethyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 3-methylbutanal, 1-octen-3-o1, 3-methyl-2-butanone, hexanal and pentanal were detected as the primary compounds in the raw sample. The fermented sample showed sour different volatile compounds, such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate and 3-methylbutanol. Thus, a number of volatile organic compounds were synthesized after fermentation of Rhus verniciflua S. bark.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.673-679
• /
• 2016

The development of safe and effective anti-cancer compounds has been seriously required to prevent and treat development of tumor in recent years. Among them, natural compounds derived traditional medicinal stuffs have been paid to attention as an anti-cancer candidate. In this study, aesculetin is a main component of a widely known as a medicinal stuff. It was reported that aesculetin has various biological effects such as anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial, but its effect related to cell invasion was not discovered. Therefore, in this study, the effect of aesculetin on antioxidant and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) was investigated in human fibrosarcoma cells, HT1080. First of all, aesculetin showed the scavenging activity of DPPH radical and reducing power in a dose dependent manner. As a result of cytotoxicity, the nontoxic concentration of aesculetin was below 2 μM in HT1080 cells performed by MTT assay. In addition, aesculetin displayed the inhibitory effect on MMP-9 activity related to cell invasion in experiment carried out by gelatin zymography assay. Furthermore, aesculetin increased the expression level of TIMP-1 but decreased the expression level of MMP-9 stimulated with PMA in western blot assay. Furthermore, aesculetin remarkably inhibited cell invasion related to metastasis a dose dependent manner. Above results suggest that aesculetin could exert chemopreventive effect through inhibition of activity and expression of MMP-9 related to cell invasion.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.973-980
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to explore new nutraceutical resources from the plant kingdom possessing biological activities. To fulfill this purpose, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Decaisnea insignis ethanol extract (DIEE) were evaluated. First, DIEE possessed potent scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), similar to ascorbic acid used as a positive control. Moreover, DIEE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, DIEE induced the expression of an anti-oxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and its upstream transcription factor, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), in a dose-dependent manner. The modulation of the HO-1 and Nrf2 expressions might be regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and their upstream signaling pathways. On the other hand, DIEE suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) formation without cytotoxicity. The inhibition of the NO formation was the result of the downregulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) by DIEE. The suppression of NO and iNOS by DIEE might be modulated by their upstream transcription factors, nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$), and activator protein 1 (AP-1) pathways. Taken together, these results provide important new insights that D. insignis possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, it might be utilized as a promising material in the field of nutraceuticals.